Neilingding Island

Neilingding Island

Neilingding Island is an island in the Pearl River Delta. Its original name was lingdingshan, which was interpreted as a lonely mountain on the sea. Later, to distinguish it from wailingding Island, the word "Nei" was added in front of it. Neilingding Island and Shenzhen Bay Mangrove Forest established Neilingding Island Futian Nature Reserve in 1984, and was promoted to the National Nature Reserve in 1988, with a total area of 921.64 hectares Futian mangrove area is the only national forest and Wildlife Nature Reserve located in the hinterland of the city, which belongs to the jurisdiction of Shenzhen.

Neilingdingdao Futian Nature Reserve was established in October 1984 and promoted to National Nature Reserve in May 1988, with a total area of 921.64 hectares. It consists of neilingdingdao and Futian mangrove. Among them, Futian mangrove area is the only national forest and Wildlife Nature Reserve in the hinterland of the city.

history

Neilingding Island used to be a base for opium smuggling in Britain. Before Daoguang Dynasty of Qing Dynasty, opium trade with China was mainly conducted in Huangpu and Macao. In 1821, the Qing government ordered the expulsion of opium ships. Since then, the British Opium merchants changed their smuggling activities to the Lingdingyang area outside Humen, set up opium barges, and berthed them near Neilingding Island in winter, while they moved to jinxingmen and Hong Kong waters in typhoon season. The usual way to smuggle opium is to transport opium from India and other places, unload it into barges, and then the local cigarette dealers pay for the goods, and smuggle it to all parts of the Pearl River Delta for sale in small boats called "quick crabs".

geographical position

Neilingding Island is located in the southwest of Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, about 9 kilometers northeast of Shekou. It covers an area of 4.84 square kilometers. Neilingdingdao nature reserve is located in the east of neilingdingyang in the Pearl River Estuary, between Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Hong Kong and Macao, with a total area of about 554 hectares. The highest peak, JIANFENGSHAN, is 340.9 meters above sea level. Neilingding Island is a well preserved evergreen broad-leaved forest in the south subtropics. There are many kinds of plants, including 619 kinds of vascular plants, among which white osmanthus and Wild Litchi are the national key protected plants; the wild animal resources are also very rich, and the main protected objects are the national second-class protected animal macaques, with a total number of more than 900. In addition, there are also otter, pangolin, black eared Kite, python, tiger frog and other key protected animals.

Ecopark

The coastal ecological park of Neilingding Island was built in 1999 with a total area of about 22 hectares. As a buffer area outside the nature reserve, it is under the unified management of Guangdong Neilingding Futian National Nature Reserve Administration. The coastal ecological park has a south subtropical vegetation landscape, and the east side of the park has a beautiful view of mangroves. Therefore, tens of thousands of tourists come to the park for recreation every day.

mangrove

Natural Reserve

Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve was established in 1984 and designated as a National Nature Reserve in 1988. There are 38 staff in the Department, including office, scientific research room, police station and management station. Nature protection publicity and environmental awareness education are one of the main functions of nature reserves. The nature reserve covers an area of 367.64 hectares, with 70 hectares of natural mangroves, 22 species of mangrove plants and 189 species of birds, including 23 species of rare and endangered birds under national protection. There are bird watching kiosks (about 2 hectares) and xiaoshahekou Ecological Park (about 19 hectares) for ecological and environmental education. After the completion of the proposed "Ecological Exhibition Hall", "mangrove garden", "Bird Paradise", "Bird House", "green corridor" and other projects, it can provide better conditions for ecological environment education.

Futian mangrove is located on the Northeast Bank of Shenzhen Bay, adjacent to Ramsar International Important Wetland - Hong Kong Mai Po Nature Reserve. There are 16 species of mangrove plants in 9 families in Futian mangrove forest, mainly including Kandelia candel, Bruguiera, Aegiceras corniculata, Avicennia marina, Sonneratia alba, etc.; the dense mangrove forest starts from Xinzhou estuary in the East and ends at the seaside ecological park in the west, forming the coastal "Green Great Wall". There are 194 species of birds in Futian mangrove forest, among which 23 species are rare and endangered, such as pelican, white shoulder eagle, black faced Spoonbill and black Headed Gull. More than 100000 long-distance migratory birds stop in Shenzhen Bay every year, which is an important "transit station", "stop place" and "gas station" on the international migratory bird passage in the eastern hemisphere.

With an area of 368 hectares and a length of about 9 kilometers, Futian Mangrove Reserve is the smallest National Nature Reserve in China. It is also called "pocket nature reserve" by foreign ecological experts. The 60 hectare mangrove forest from Shazui to fengtangkou is the core of Futian Mangrove Reserve, which is also the most prosperous. According to records, mangroves can grow for hundreds of years, while the age of Futian Mangroves is 70 years. Futian mangrove is an important migratory and wintering place in Southeast Asia. There are 194 species of birds in the mangrove, of which 24 species are under national protection. There are 40 common waterbirds, with a total number of 68000. Mangrove Nature Reserve has been named Shenzhen environmental education base.

Here, at high tide, clusters of thick green leaves are exposed on the endless blue water, which is the crown of high stem mangrove. Under the sun, there are thousands of green leaves on the water, thousands of piles of shadows under the water, and the wind is shining. When the tide slows down, clusters of green mangroves are exposed to the sea, more and more, more and more dense. Gradually, a winding green forest belt appears in the harbor.

As the sea water recedes, green forest belts continue to appear in the harbor. A close look at mangroves shows that their curly trunks and crisscross ground roots are hand in hand, shoulder to shoulder, nestling together. Some are like fairies stroking their whiskers, some are like smiley face Maitreya, some are like children wrestling, some are like Erlang cleaving mountains, some are like dragons and mangas, some are like lions and monkeys, some are like cranes and eagles It's a thousand different things. The top of these trees, dotted with clusters of white, purple, blue flowers, in the sunlight, it is particularly colorful.

The origin of the name

The origin of the name "mangrove" is derived from the characteristics of a mangrove plant, red eggplant. The wood, trunk, branches and flowers of this kind of tree are red, and the part of bark can extract red dye. Malay people call its bark "mangrove bark", and Chinese name is mangrove. Mangrove generally refers to the salt tolerant evergreen shrubs or arbor forests, such as mangrove, which grow in estuaries and coastal swamps in tropical and subtropical regions. Mangrove is a transitional ecosystem from land to sea. Therefore, mangrove is also called "tidal forest".

According to the forestry experts of Longgang District Forestry Bureau, the peculiarity of mangrove lies in its interesting way of succession. The lower end of its seed is thick and sharp, and its length is generally about 20 cm. After the seed matures on the mother tree, it has to be "pregnant" by the mother tree for a period of time. During this period of time, the seeds absorbed nutrition from the mother tree, slowly shaded the buds and developed. When they had the ability to grow independently, they separated from the mother tree, jumped down one by one, and steadily inserted into the mud. After a few hours, new buds appeared on the top and new roots grew on the bottom. Thus a small tree was born. Some jump into the water, can drift with the current for two or three months, when it meets the beach mud, three or four hours can take root and grow.

Wetland will be built

The regulations of Guangdong Province on wetland protection (hereinafter referred to as the regulations) came into effect. According to the regulations, anyone who cuts, transplants or picks mangroves without authorization will be fined, and those who cause serious consequences will be fined up to 50000 yuan.

The reporter learned from the Municipal Bureau of agriculture, forestry and fisheries that according to the regulations, those who transplant, cut and pick mangroves without authorization will be fined 1000-3000 yuan; those who cause serious consequences will be fined 10000-50000 yuan; those who illegally occupy and requisition mangrove land will be fined 20-30 yuan per square meter; those who dig ponds, collect sand, borrow soil and burn wasteland without authorization will be fined 300-500 yuan, causing serious consequences Fine 3000-5000 yuan.

The person in charge of the Forestry Department of the municipal agriculture, forestry and Fishery Bureau told reporters that after years of rectification, illegal logging of mangroves has basically disappeared in Shenzhen. However, due to the development of the city, the area of mangroves and wetlands in Shenzhen has shrunk greatly compared with that in the late 1970s. In the future, Shenzhen will enter the stage of mangrove restoration.

According to the plan formulated by the municipal agriculture, forestry and Fisheries Bureau, in the future, Shenzhen will build a 15 km long mangrove sightseeing belt around the Mangrove Nature Reserve along Binhai Avenue, strengthen the protection of coastal wetlands in Oct area, plant mangroves and bring them into the scope of Nature Reserve, and build a wetland Park in Fuyong Shajing area of Bao'an District, and plant mangroves as much as possible At the same time, as a characteristic species of mangrove, the silverleaf community in the eastern coastal Kwai Chung Yanba area will be protected, and a large-scale mangrove area will appear in the East in the near future. According to this plan, in the next 10 years (2006-2015), Shenzhen will restore 335 hectares of mangrove wetland, making the city's mangrove area reach 504.7 hectares, basically returning to the level of the late 1970s.

Chinese PinYin : Nei Ling Ding Dao