Soviet Memorial

Memorial Hall of Hunan Hubei Sichuan Guizhou revolutionary base

synonym

The Soviet Memorial Hall generally refers to the memorial hall in the revolutionary base areas of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou

The memorial hall of Hunan, Hubei and Sichuan revolutionary base is a national patriotic education demonstration base, which has been included in the national red tourism line. Located in Jiefang Road, Zhangjiajie City, Hunan Province, 30 kilometers away from Wulingyuan, the world natural heritage. In 1934, in response to the long march of the Central Red Army, Ren Bishi, he long, Guan Xiangying, Xiao Ke and Wang Zhen led the second and sixth Red Army Corps to launch an offensive in Western Hunan, liberate Dayong (now Yongding District of Zhangjiajie City), establish the Hunan Hubei Sichuan Guizhou Provincial Committee, the provincial Revolutionary Committee and the provincial military area in the city, and create the Hunan Hubei Sichuan Guizhou revolutionary base.

brief introduction

In 1935, in view of the fact that the Central Red Army had successfully arrived in Northern Shaanxi, in order to preserve the revolutionary forces, the second and sixth Red Army Corps broke through the long march and was renamed the second Red Army on the way to northern Shaanxi. The museum is a quadrangle building with the former residences of Ren Bishi, he long and Xiao Ke in the East, the exhibition hall in the south, the former auditorium of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou provincial Party committee in the west, and the former offices of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou provincial Party committee, Provincial Revolutionary Committee and provincial military region in the north.

Construction background

The memorial hall of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou revolutionary base visited the Catholic church built by Finnish shepherds in 1918. There are three wooden bungalows with 15 rooms, surrounded by brick walls. On November 24, 1934, under the leadership of Ren Bishi, he long, Xiao Ke and Wang Zhen, the second and sixth corps of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army liberated Dayong county at one stroke. On November 26, they established the provisional provincial Party committee. On December 1, they established the Hunan Hubei Sichuan Guizhou Provincial Revolutionary Committee in the Catholic Church. They led the anti encirclement and suppression struggle in 31 counties in the revolutionary base areas of Hunan Hubei Sichuan Guizhou, and dealt a heavy blow to the Kuomintang reactionaries and local feudal forces, He made outstanding contributions to the cause of the liberation of the Chinese nation and wrote a brilliant page in the history of the Chinese people's revolutionary struggle. In order to remember the contributions of the martyrs and carry forward the revolutionary spirit, the Yongding District Party committee and the district government of Zhangjiajie City of the Communist Party of China launched a fund-raising campaign in the summer of 1991 to restore the former sites of the Hunan Hubei Sichuan Guizhou provincial Party committee, the provincial military region and the Provincial Revolutionary Committee, and built a new memorial hall, which was completed and opened on December 26, 1993.

In June 2001, the memorial hall of Hunan Hubei Sichuan Guizhou revolutionary base was announced as the second batch of national patriotic education bases by the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee.

Architectural format

The memorial covers an area of 2800 square meters, including a construction area of 1600 square meters. Dongtou is a wooden bungalow surrounded by three low walls. The three cottages used to live in Ren Bishi, he long and Xiao Ke. The tung oil lamp on the black lacquer table testifies that a generation of heroes worked all night here. In the west is the auditorium of the provincial Party committee, which can accommodate more than 200 people. At that time, the enlarged meeting of the provincial Party committee and the meetings of various departments directly under the provincial government were held here. Now it has been turned into a general hall. Photos of 166 new China generals who left heroic footprints in the revolutionary base areas of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou are hung all over the walls. Around the gate of the memorial hall, there are 11 offices in a row, in which 13 departments directly under the three major organs worked. In the middle of the courtyard is a double stone statue carved from the work "hard years" by Pan he, a famous sculptor in China. The little red army holds a rifle above his head and nestles up to the knee of the old Red Army who plays Piccolo, as if listening attentively. Behind the statue is the main building of the memorial hall, with three exhibition rooms, displaying 223 large-scale pictures and more than 100 revolutionary cultural relics. It reproduces the glorious struggle history of the base area and reflects the arduous revolutionary course and noble sentiment of the army and people in the base area. General shauk inscribed the name of the memorial.

Part one

The initial establishment of Hunan Hubei Sichuan Guizhou border base

In November 1933, because of Wang Ming's "left" wrong line and the enemy's large-scale attack, the revolutionary base in Western Hunan and Hubei was completely lost. Under the leadership of Xia Xi, he long and Guan Xiangying, the third Red Army had to move to the border of Hubei and Sichuan.

On December 19, the central sub Bureau of Western Hunan and Hubei heard a meeting held in Xianfeng village, Hubei Province, and decided to "create a new Soviet Area on the border of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou". After that, the Red Army turned to the border of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou to find a foothold.

In May 1934, the third Red Army crossed the Wujiang River and entered Guizhou. On June 19, the central sub Bureau of Western Hunan and Hubei held a meeting in fengxiangxi, Yanhe, Guizhou, and decided to establish a base in eastern Guizhou. On July 21, the Revolutionary Committee of Qiandong special economic zone was established. The establishment of Qiandong base area created conditions for the reunion of the second and sixth Red Army Corps and the formation of Hunan Hubei Sichuan Guizhou base area.

Part two

The overall formation of Hunan Hubei Sichuan Guizhou border base

In October 1934, the sixth Red Army entered eastern Guizhou after a hard transition. On the 24th, they met with the third Red Army in huangmu, Yinjiang. After the meeting, the third Red Army resumed the title of the second Red Army, and the two armies acted together under the unified command of he long, Ren Bishi and Guan Xiangying.

After the second and sixth Red Army Corps joined forces, in order to coordinate the long march of the Central Red Army and establish the border base of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou, they decided to launch the Xiangxi offensive.

On October 28, 1934, the second and sixth Red Army Corps set out from the south of Sichuan and advanced to the west of Hunan. On November 7, when Yongshun County was conquered, He Jian, the enemy of Hunan Province, urgently ordered Chen Quzhen, the warlord of Western Hunan Province, to send troops to block and suppress Yongshun. Chen gathered three brigades and about 10000 troops to attack Yongshun. The Red Army decided to adopt the operational policy of luring the enemy into depth and gathering them to annihilate them. It took the initiative to abandon the county seat of Yongshun and retreat to the area of shiwanping, 90 miles north of the city. At dusk on the 16th, the tail chasing enemy entered the ambush circle, and our army rose to fight hard, annihilating and capturing more than 3000 enemy troops. Our army seized Dayong and Sangzhi on the 24th. On December 7, they attacked Yuanling, surrounded Changde and captured Taoyuan.

The victory of Xiangxi offensive promoted the development of the work in the new area. The second and sixth Red Army Corps controlled most of Yongshun, Dayong and Sangzhi, and a part of Longshan, Baojing, Taoyuan, Cili and Changde counties. They occupied Dayong, Sangzhi and Yongshun counties, and opened up the base area of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou.

The third part

The establishment of the provincial Party committee in the base areas led the people to carry out the revolutionary struggle

On November 26, 1934, according to the instructions of the CPC Central Committee, the CPC Hunan Hubei Sichuan Guizhou Provincial Committee was established in Dayong. Ren Bishi was the Secretary of the Provincial Committee, he long, Guan Xiangying, Xia Xi, Wang Zhen, Xiao Ke, Zhang Ziyi, Liu Shijie (later mutiny) and Zhou Yuzhu were members of the Provincial Committee. At the same time, the provincial military region was established. He long was the commander of the military region, and Ren Bishi was the political commissar. The provincial Revolutionary Committee was also established, with he long as the chairman and Xia Xi and Zhu Changqing as the vice chairmen. So far, the Hunan Hubei Sichuan Guizhou revolutionary base centered on Dayong was formally formed.

After the establishment of the provincial Party committee of the Soviet Area, it began to lead the work of building the party and government, the agrarian revolution and expanding the Red Army. At the same time, it also carried out the necessary construction of economy, culture, education, health and other aspects, and achieved certain results, which promoted the consolidation and development of the base areas.

The fourth part

A fierce fight against encirclement and suppression

The establishment and development of the base areas of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou, especially the initiative of the Red Army, posed a new threat to the Kuomintang government. Chiang Kai Shek was so frightened that he ordered to mobilize the troops of Hunan and Hubei provinces. He concentrated 11 divisions and 4 brigades, more than 40 regiments with about 110000 troops, and formed six columns. With the cooperation of the local security corps, he launched "encirclement and suppression" against the base areas.

In response to the enemy's crazy attack, the army and the people in our base area stood ready to fight against the enemy. In January 1935, when the enemy attacked the base areas, Dayong, the main division of the Red Army, took a rest. In early February, the red army defeated Guo Rudong's column in Cili and was occupied by Li Jue in Dayong. The Red Army set up an ambush at jigongya, Houping, Dayong, and then defeated Li Jue's column. Guo Rudong's column took the opportunity to occupy Sangzhi. In the two months' anti encirclement and suppression campaign, the Central Military Commission's operational policy of "carrying out mobile warfare, selecting the enemy's weaknesses, and breaking through each other in the movement" was not well understood. Instead, the leaders of the second and sixth Corps decided to move northward as they met the enemy head-on and even suffered repeated setbacks. The base areas were shrinking and the situation of the Red Army was becoming increasingly difficult. On April 12, the red army retreated northward from Tawo and longjiazhai. At this time, the 172nd brigade of the 58th division of the Hubei army entered Chenjiahe and encountered our army. The enemy was greedy for success, rashly advanced and went deep alone. The Red Army seized the plane and annihilated it on the 14th. The enemy division headquarters and the 17th brigade fled in a hurry. The next day, in the taozixi area, the Red Army completely annihilated the 58th division and the 174th brigade of the enemy who fled south, and took advantage of the victory to recover Sangzhi County. The second and sixth Red Army Corps decided to give up the plan of withdrawing from the north because of the second turn of the situation and remained in place to fight. In late April, the main force of the Red Army marched eastward and occupied Jiangya. The main force of the red army went back to Hubei and annihilated the enemy's 41st division at Zhongbao, Xianfeng, and captured Zhang Zhenhan, commander and division commander of the enemy's column. On August 3, the Red Army set up an ambush in chestnut garden to annihilate the division headquarters and two regiments of the enemy's 85th division, killing Xie bin, the enemy's division commander. On August 8, he defeated 10 regiments of Tao Guang column in bajiaotuo. At this point, the enemy forces in Hunan and Hubei were forced to turn to defense, and their "encirclement and suppression" of the base areas in Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou ended in failure. In late August, the second and sixth Red Army Corps took the initiative to occupy Shimen, Lizhou, Jinshi, linli and other counties, further expanding the base areas and the Red Army. In September 1935, the central area and guerrilla area of Hunan Hubei Sichuan Guizhou base area expanded to the West Bank of Dongting Lake in the East, Youyang in Sichuan in the west, Xianfeng and Enshi in Hubei in the northwest, Yuanling in the South and Hefeng in the north, with a population of about 2 million. The second and sixth legion of the Red Army have grown to four divisions and 12 regiments, with about 20000 people.

Part five

Victory and strategic shift

I'm red two

Chinese PinYin : Su Wei Ai Ji Nian Guan