Guan Yu Temple

Guan Yu Temple

Jiezhou Guandi Temple (H à I zh à u Gu à n d à mi à o) is the ancestor of Wu Temple, located in Xiguan, Jiezhou Town, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province. Yanchi in the north, facing Zhongtiao. Jiezhou Guandi temple was founded in 589, the ninth year of kaihuang reign of Sui Dynasty. It was expanded and rebuilt in song and Ming Dynasties. It was destroyed by fire in 1702, the 41st year of Kangxi reign of Qing Dynasty, and was restored after more than ten years.

With a total area of 220000 square meters and more than 200 houses, Jiezhou Guandi temple is divided into two parts: Zhengmiao temple and Jieyi garden. It is the largest existing palace style Taoist complex and wumiao temple, known as "the ancestor of Guanmiao Temple" and "the crown of wumiao Temple". There are plaques in the temple, such as "Yibing Qiankun" written by Emperor Kangxi, "Shenyong" written by Emperor Qianlong, "wanshirenji" written by Emperor Xianfeng, and "weilingzhendi" written by Empress Dowager Cixi. The representative building is "Chunqiu building".

Jiezhou Guandi Temple scenic spot is a national key cultural relic protection unit and a national AAAA tourist attraction. "Guan Gong's belief in customs" has been listed in the national intangible cultural heritage list, and "Guan Gong cultural festival" has been rated as one of the top ten people's festivals in China. In 2012, "Guansheng cultural complex" was included in the preparatory list of China's world cultural heritage.

From the end of the epidemic to December 31, 2020, medical workers across the country (including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) can visit the scenic spot free of charge with valid certificates.

Landscape pattern

Jiezhou Guandi temple is divided into two parts: Jieyi garden in the south, which is composed of Jieyi square, Junzi Pavilion, Sanyi Pavilion, lotus pool, rockery and other buildings; Zhengmiao temple in the north, which faces south and imitates palace layout, covers an area of 18570 square meters. The main axis is divided into two parts: the front courtyard is Zhaobi, Duanmen, Zhimen, Wumen, Shanhai Zhongling square, yushulou and Chongning hall. On both sides are Zhonggu tower, Dayi towering square, Jingzhong guanri square and Zhuifeng temple. The back palace is centered on Qisu Qianqiu square and Chunqiu tower, with Dao tower and Yinlou standing symmetrically on the left and right. On the horizontal line, it is divided into three courtyards: the central courtyard is the main body; the east courtyard has Chongsheng temple, Sanqing hall, Zhugong temple, Baoyuan palace, Shesheng palace and East Garden; the West courtyard has Changshou palace, Yongshou palace, Yuqing palace, Xinsheng palace, daozhengsi, huishansi and West Garden, as well as the "Wandai worship" square and "Weizhen Huaxia" square in the vestibule. There are more than 100 temples in the temple, with clear primary and secondary, and rigorous layout.

Main buildings

Pheasant gate

Entering the vestibule from the gate of Yiyong or Zhongwu, through the end gate of "civil servants get off the sedan chair, military officials get off the horse", the East and West bell and drum towers stand up, facing three tall single eaves Xieshan temple gates: the middle gate is the "pheasant gate" for emperors; the east gate is the "Wenjing gate" for civilian officials; the west gate is the "Wuwei gate" for armored people. On the pheasant gate, there is a plaque with three gold characters "Guandi Temple". On the steps behind the pheasant door is the stage.

the Meridian Gate

Meridian Gate is a hall style building with five wide faces, single eaves, veranda roof and stone corridor. There are stone railings around, and 144 patterns and figures are embossed on both sides of the railings. In the south of the hall are the portraits of Zhoucang and Liaohua, and in the north are the colored paintings reflecting Guan Yu's main life experience.

Chongning Hall

Through the Meridian Gate, through the "mountain and sea Zhong Ling" square, the imperial library, is the main building of Guandi Temple Chongning hall. Chongning hall was named after Zhao Ji, the emperor of Huizong, who granted Guan Yu the title of "real king of Chongning" in 1104, the third year of Chongning in the Northern Song Dynasty. In front of the hall are green pines and cypresses, with a pair of Shihua watches, two burning watch towers and a pair of iron flagpoles. The platform is spacious and the hurdles are winding. The hall is seven wide and six deep. Inside the hall, there is a wooden shrine with a sitting statue of Guan Yu in Imperial costume; outside the niche, there is a gold pillar of cloud dragon; on the niche, there is a horizontal plaque with Kangxi's handwriting "Yibing Qiankun". Double eaves Xieshan style glass hall top, under the eaves Shi shuangang five step arch, the amount of Fang carved rich. In the corridor around the hall, there are 26 carved dragon stone pillars, 52 railings, 50 fence boards and 200 relief carvings. In the Ming Dynasty, a horizontal tablet written by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty was hung in the main hall. Under the eaves, there was a tablet written by Emperor Xianfeng, which was called "the end of the world". The following three green dragon Yanyue knives weighed 300 Jin. There is a bronze incense table and a pair of iron cranes at the gate.

Qi Su Qianqiu square

Through the Chongning hall, into the South Gate of the palace, into the bedroom, over the flower garden, there is the largest wooden square on the central axis - "Qi Su Qianqiu" square. On the east side, there is Yinlou, in which there is a jade seal model of "hanshoutinghou". On the west side, there is daolou, in which there is a model of Qinglong Yanyue Dao. Facing each other, it is a three story square building. There is a piece of green bamboo planted in the courtyard, and there is an inscription on the stele of "bamboo in wind and rain, master of the Han Dynasty". The poem is hidden in bamboo, and it says, "don't worry about the thin leaves, they will not wither for a long time. Thank you, Dongjun. It's said that it was written by Guan Yu.

Spring and autumn tower

At the back of the palace is the Chunqiu building, a masterpiece of Guandi temple. Because there is a picture of Guan Yu reading Chunqiu in the building, it is also called Linjing Pavilion. Founded in the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty, the existing building was built in the ninth year of Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty. Seven rooms wide, six rooms deep, two-story three eaves Xieshan style building, 33 meters high. Both the upper and lower floors are equipped with cloisters, surrounded by bars for viewing. Under the eaves, the wood carvings of dragons and phoenixes, clouds, flowers, figures, animals and other patterns are very clear. The roof of the building is covered with colored glaze; on both sides of the building, there are 36 stairs for going up and down; on the first floor, there are 108 wooden partitions, which are said to symbolize 108 counties in Shanxi Province. It is said that there are three unique features in the Chunqiu Tower: the corridor column of the upper cloister stands on the lotus column of the lower floor, which is suspended in the air, and the inside is set with a handle to give people a sense of suspension, which is called one unique feature; entering the second floor, there is a shrine warm Pavilion, in the middle of which is Guan Yu's night view of Chunqiu statue, and on the attic wall, all Chunqiu is engraved in regular script, which is called two unique features; it is said that loudangxiang is facing the Big Dipper, which is called three unique features Absolutely.

Historical evolution

Chen Sui Shi Jian

Jiezhou Guandi temple was founded in the period of Chen and Sui dynasties (557-618). According to the dictionary of Chinese scenic spots, it was founded in 589.

Chijian in Northern Song Dynasty

In the Northern Song Dynasty, the Guandi temple in Jiezhou was built twice. The first was the reconstruction of Fu Jian (1008-1016) in Song Dynasty. At that time, the water and salt in the salt pond were scarce. The emperor sent envoys to check and reply, "it's Chiyou who is in trouble in the salt pond!" Zhang Tianshi of Longhushan asked: "the ancient martyrs became gods after they died, and Guan Yu, the general of Shu, was extremely brave. His majesty prayed that he would win.". So the emperor ordered the Heavenly Master to burn the talisman in the palace, and a beautiful bearded man immediately put on his armor and sword and said, "I will help you to kill the demons for your majesty. A few days later, the salt pool is full of water. Emperor Dayue, decreed to build Guanyu temple in Jiezhou. The second time is the reconstruction of Zhizhou Zhang Gao in 1092. According to the historical records, the reconstruction of Dazhong Xiangfu in Song Zhenzong was the first time that the emperors of all dynasties built Guan temple, so "the temple is full of stone pillars, carved dragons flying, and the temple is magnificent and beautiful.". After Zhang Gaozhi's reconstruction, with the Duke of Guan being granted the title of "the real king of Chongning", Jiezhou Guan temple was again inscribed with a plaque as "Chongning Palace".

Jin Yuan repair

There were two repairs in Jin Dynasty: one was in 1163, when Guan junfan rebuilt the temple, which was described by Gong Shi nantao; the other was in 1204, when he was ordered to rebuild the temple, which was written by Zhizhou Tian Dexiu.

In the third year of the Zhiyuan Dynasty (1266), there were two renovations in the Yuan Dynasty: in the third year of the Zhiyuan Dynasty, the Jingying real person Jiang Shan believed in the order of Kublai Khan, the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, to protect the Jiezhou Guan temple, and two Taoist temples were built to the left of the Guan temple, which was called Chongning Palace (now the East Palace of Jiezhou Guan Emperor Temple), subordinate to the main temple. After the Guanmiao temple was damaged by the earthquake in the seventh year of Dade (1303), Zhang Zhian, his apprentice, began to repair it in the third year of Zhizhi (1323) and completed it in the first year of TAIDING (1324).

Ming and Qing Dynasties flourished

the ming dynasty

In the early Ming Dynasty, the worship of Guan Gong continued, and the government and the people continued to repair the Guan temple in Jiezhou. During the reign of Hongzhi (1488-1505), the sacrificial ceremony was initially established. During the reign of Jiajing (1522-1566), the official sacrifice was upgraded. Zhu Yijun, the emperor of Ming Dynasty, successively granted Guan Yu the title of "Xietian emperor", "Xietian protector of the country and loyalty emperor", "three world demon subduing emperor", and granted the temple the title of "after heroes". The construction of jiezhouguan Temple reached a climax, and the temple was also prosperous at that time The strongest, reaching its peak.

the Qing dynasty

In the Qing Dynasty, because the Royal worship of Guandi was much more than that of the previous dynasties, Jiezhou Guandi temple not only continued the grand occasion of the late Ming Dynasty, but also gradually became a pilgrimage place for the world as the "crown of martial arts Temple".

In 1665, the governor of Shaanxi Province Jia Hanfu rebuilt Guandi temple; in May of 1698, Emperor Kangxi wrote the plaque of "Yibing Qiankun" and hung it inside the temple; in 1702, a fire destroyed Guandi temple in Jiezhou; in 1703, Emperor Kangxi visited the West and paid 1000 liang of money to rebuild it until the 50th anniversary of Kangxi In 1713, Zhizhou Zhu Zengcai restored the old rules.

In 1734, Prince Guo paid a visit to the Guandi temple in Jiezhou. He painted the statue of Guandi and inscribed poems and couplets. His poems are preserved in the stele Pavilion in front of Chongning hall.

In 1753, Han Tong, the governor of the prefecture, repaired the veranda, painted murals, moved the music tower, added memorial archways and improved the Jieyi garden; in 1762, the governor of the prefecture changed the Bagua tower into the imperial library,

Chinese PinYin : Guan Di Miao