Memorial Location of the Revolutionary Martyrs at Longhua

Memorial Location of the Revolutionary Martyrs at Longhua

Longhua revolutionary martyrs memorial site, located in No. 2591 and 2577 Longhua Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China, and No. 1 Lane 2501, consists of two parts: the former site of the former Kuomintang Songhu police headquarters and the place where Longhua revolutionary martyrs died. On May 26, 1959, Longhua, one of the revolutionary martyrs, was declared as a cultural relic protection unit in Shanghai by the Shanghai Municipal People's Committee.

On December 7, 1977, it was announced as the memorial site of Shanghai by Shanghai Revolutionary Committee. On May 4, 1984, it was once again announced as a cultural relic protection unit in Shanghai by the Shanghai Municipal People's government.

On January 13, 1988, the memorial site for the revolutionary martyrs in Longhua, which was composed of the place where the revolutionary martyrs died and the former site of the Songhu garrison headquarters of the Kuomintang, was announced by the State Council as the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units

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Historical evolution

In 1871, the gun factory of Jiangnan manufacturing branch was completed.

After the revolution of 1911, this factory building became the Songhu garrison office and the Songhu commercial port office successively.

In March 1927, after the national revolutionary army conquered Shanghai, the factory was used as the office of Songhu police headquarters. The detention center was built in 1916 and rebuilt in 1926. It was once used as the prison of the military law department of the general command of the five provinces of Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangsu, Anhui and Jiangxi. Some people were killed here in 1926, including Xi zuoyao, the commander of the Shanghai workers' Self Defense Corps, who was killed on October 26, 1926.

Anti Japanese Period

From 1927 to 1937, as many as 9000 people were detained here, 800 of whom were shot dead. As of 2014, more than 100 people have been killed whose names can be verified, including Chen Yannian, Luo Yinong, Zhao Shiyan, Peng Pai, Yang Yin and other Communists who were killed in the 1920s, and the 24 martyrs of Longhua who were collectively shot here on the night of February 7, 1931.

A common saying is that the 24 people are Lin Yunan, Li Qiushi, he Mengxiong, Hu yepin, Roushi, Yin Fu, Feng Keng, Yun Yutang, Li Wen, Ouyang Li'an, Luo Shibing, Wang Qingshi, long Da Dao, Peng yangeng, Cai Bozhen, Wu Zhongwen, Li Yunqing, Fei Dafu, Tang Shiquan, Tang Shilun, Liu Zheng, he Zhiping (also known as he linli) and Duan Nan (a gang) ）After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, Shanghai was occupied, the Songhu garrison headquarters was withdrawn, and most of the buildings in the former site were destroyed, leaving only the gate and its north side bungalows, office buildings and guard rooms.

After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, the building was taken over by the Nanjing National Government, and a factory was set up in it.

Cultural relics protection

After the liberation of Shanghai in 1949, the former site of Songhu police headquarters was protected as a memorial site for revolutionary martyrs. Part of the original factory was taken over, that is, the factory under the Logistics Department of Nanjing Military Region. In April 1950, according to the clues provided by local residents, the relevant staff of Shanghai municipal government excavated 18 complete remains and several incomplete skulls, body bones and limb bones, as well as part of the remains in one of the execution grounds of Songhu police headquarters (No. 1, Lane 2501, Longhua Road).

During the "Cultural Revolution", the watchtower above the former headquarters was demolished, and the rest of the buildings were not seriously damaged. In December 1977, the execution ground of the headquarters was regarded as a "righteous place" and listed as a memorial site in Shanghai.

In 1981, the martyrs' cemetery in Shanghai set up the memorial site for the martyrs of Longhua 24, and on May 4, 1984, it was announced as a cultural relic protection unit in Shanghai. In 1985, the general office of the CPC Central Committee and the general office of the State Council approved the joint construction of Longhua revolutionary martyrs memorial site and Longhua Park as Longhua martyrs cemetery. The relevant construction officially started in 1990. The Shanghai Municipal People's government and others erected a monument at the place where Longhua 24 martyrs died. Jiang Zemin inscribed the monument with "blood and heart for the people" Deng Xiaoping wrote the name of the garden and Chen Yun wrote the name of the memorial hall. On January 13, 1988, the memorial was announced as the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

From November 1990 to June 1991, the gate and gate tower, guard house, telephone room, office room and men's and women's detention house of the former garrison headquarters were restored. Among them, 25 mu of the former site was set aside from the military factory and handed over to the preparation office of Longhua martyrs' cemetery to be built as the site area. In 1991, the memorial was officially opened to the public. In 1995, Longhua Revolutionary Cemetery was officially completed.

Main structure

The memorial site of the revolutionary martyrs in Longhua is composed of the former site of the Songhu garrison headquarters of the Kuomintang and the site where the revolutionary martyrs died.

The former site of the former Kuomintang Songhu garrison headquarters is divided into two parts: the gatehouse and the detention house. The gate tower is a cement building, which was built in December 1920. The whole building is a city tower type, with three floors in total. There are battlements at the end of the wall. On the second floor, there is a watchtower, and a five meter high flagpole is set at the back of the guard rail. There are two kinds of gate posts: round gate post and square gate post. The top of the two kinds of gate posts are engraved with western style patterns.

The detention house is a brick and wood structure, located in the east of the original headquarters. It was built in 1916 and rebuilt into an independent unit in 1926. It is surrounded by a 5-meter-high wall, on which a wire mesh is erected, and a higher guard tower is built at the corner. Male detention center, North and south side by side in the shape of "Sichuan" three buildings, two storey bungalows, one floor high for the window, an area of 432 square meters. Each room is divided into five symmetrical rooms on both sides of the middle aisle. There are four double wooden beds in the room, and each room can hold up to 15 people. Iron gate is set at the entrance of each room. On the wall of one of the rooms, it is written "Long Hua looks up to the wind for thousands of years, and a strong man dies at the end of his life.".

Discovery of relics

The peach blossom outside the wall and the blood inside the wall are generally bright and red. " There is a simple toilet at the end of the corridor. Two women's detention houses, residential type, are built in the southwest of men's prison, covering an area of 43 square meters. Wooden boards are set up inside to make beds. In the detention center, there are other buildings, such as the warden's room, "preferential treatment room" and guard room. Out of the gate of the detention center, there is an access road on the west side leading to the interrogation office, and on the north side leading to the righteous place.

Jiuyidi is the execution ground of the former Kuomintang Songhu police headquarters. It is located in the northeast corner of Longhua martyrs' cemetery, covering an area of 1500 square meters. It is a piece of wasteland in the northwest of the former detention center. In 1950, the remains and remains of the martyrs were found in the vicinity. The location and scope of the martyr's death place were finally confirmed after the memories of the residents nearby and the personnel who had been detained in the detention center of the former headquarters. Now there is a memorial to the martyrs of the Longhua revolution. Behind the memorial is a dead tree covered with bullet marks.

Commemorative activities

Longhua revolutionary martyrs memorial site was incorporated into Longhua martyrs cemetery in 1985. Since then, relevant commemorative activities have been held in the monument of unknown martyrs or Longhua Martyrs Memorial Hall in Longhua martyrs cemetery, as well as the tomb of Longhua 24 martyrs, which was moved into Longhua martyrs cemetery.

In the memorial hall of Longhua martyrs in the cemetery of Longhua martyrs, there are some relics of the martyrs who died in the detention center of the former Songhu garrison headquarters, some of which are on display for visitors to visit and remember.

Address: 2591 Longhua Road

Longitude: 121.4523604

Latitude: 31.17758515

Tel: 021-64683059

Chinese PinYin : Long Hua Ge Ming Lie Shi Ji Nian Di