Yuling

Yu Mausoleum of Qing Dynasty

synonym

Yuling (Tomb of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty) generally refers to Yuling of the Qing Dynasty

Yuling is the mausoleum of Emperor Qianlong. Emperor Qianlong himself, two queens and three imperial concubines are buried in the underground palace.

From south to north, there are Shengde Shengong stele Pavilion, Wukong bridge, shixiangsheng, pailou gate, yikong bridge, xiamapai, Jingting, Shenchu storehouse, dongxichaofang, Sanlu Sankong bridge and dongxiping bridge, dongxibanfang, longen hall, Sanlu yikong bridge, liulihua gate, erzhumen, Wugong of sacrificial platform, Fangcheng, minglou and Baocheng The regulations of Baoding, Baoding and underground palace not only inherited the previous dynasties, but also developed and innovated.

Cemetery details

Yuling

Taking Shunzhi's Xiaoling as the axis, shengshuiyu in the west of qingxiaoling is Qianlong's Yuling. Emperor Qianlong Hongli inherited his father's career, made great efforts to govern the country, made great efforts, had perfect martial arts, and expanded the territory for 20000 Li, which made the Qing Dynasty reach its peak. His mausoleum is exquisite in workmanship, beautiful in materials, magnificent, magnificent and luxurious. Not to mention that the number of stone statues on the sacred road in front of his mausoleum exceeds that of the jingling Mausoleum of Kangxi, the luxury and delicacy of the small jade belt bridge in front of the mausoleum is unique among the mausoleums of past dynasties. It was first built in 1743 and completed in 1752. It took nine years and consumed 2.03 million liang of silver.

There are four underground palaces in the eastern Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty open to the outside world. Except for Cixi, the other three are in the Yuling system. This makes it possible for us to enter Qianlong's burial place to explore his understanding and pursuit of life at the end of his life journey. Yuling underground palace has been open to the outside world for more than ten years. It is still full of mystery and many unsolved mysteries.

1、 There are eight pairs of stone statues, one more for unicorn, one more for camel and one more for lion dragon than the King Mausoleum of Emperor Kangxi. Although the number of stone statues is less than that of Xiaoling, the species is the same as Xiaoling.

2、 The East warm Pavilion of Yuling hall is a Buddha building, which is dedicated to various Buddha statues and a large number of treasures. Later, Imperial Mausoleums followed suit and became custom-made.

3、 On the Yudai River in front of the mausoleum gate, there are three one span arch bridges with the same rules and regulations, with dragon and Phoenix column head railings, and two ends of the bridge are supported by the Dragon berms. The three arch bridges are beautiful in shape and exquisite in carving, which is the only example in the mausoleum of Qing Dynasty.

4、 The underground palace is full of exquisite Buddhist sculptures: three Buddhas, five Buddhas, eight Bodhisattvas, four heavenly kings, twenty-four Buddhas, five desires, lions, eight treasures, magic tools, Buddha flowers and more than 30000 words of Tibetan and Sanskrit sutras. The carving method is exquisite, the lines are smooth and exquisite, the shape is vivid, and the layout is rigorous and orderly. It can be called "solemn underground Buddhist hall" and "stone hall" Sculpture art treasure house.

These characteristics of Yuling are not only the embodiment of Emperor Qianlong's great achievements and belief in Buddhism, but also the reflection of the comprehensive national strength of the Qing Dynasty in its heyday.

Emperor Qianlong, empress xiaoxianchun and empress xiaoyichun were buried in the Yuling underground palace, and three empresses were buried, including Huixian, Zhemin and Shujia.

Imperial Palace

Yuling imperial palace is the imperial palace of Emperor Qianlong. It is located in the west of Yuling. It was first built in 1747, and was continued in 1760. It was completed in 27. Yuling Imperial Palace was originally called imperial Yamen. It was built with an arch bridge and a flat bridge, East and West Wing rooms, East and West duty rooms, gate, Liaolu, Xiangdian, liulihua gate, Baoding, and a red wall. In 1760, Emperor Qianlong's favorite imperial concubine, Chunhui imperial concubine Hong, ordered the reconstruction of the imperial concubine's dormitory, adding five East and West halls, Fangcheng, minglou and Baocheng, and demolishing the three dormitory doors and the broad walls on both sides to the two sides of the hall. The reconstruction project was completed in 1762 with the direct use of silver 134004.303 Liang.

A queen, two imperial concubines, five imperial concubines, six imperial concubines, six concubines, twelve noble people and four common people of Emperor Qianlong were buried in Yuling imperial palace. Among them, the more famous people are: Queen Huifa Nala, Princess Chunhui, Princess Qinggong, Princess Rongfei, etc.

From 1752 to 1823, the Yuling imperial concubine was buried in the imperial concubine of Jin Dynasty.

Yuling imperial concubine's dormitory is one of the imperial concubine's dormitories in the Qing Dynasty, which shows the characteristics of the heyday of the Qing Dynasty.

Stolen experience

In 1928, sun dianying ordered his men to excavate the Dongling Mausoleum of Cixi and the Yuling Mausoleum of Qianlong.

Open the underground palace

In 1956, the state excavated the Dingling mausoleum, which was actually a pilot excavation for the excavation of the Changling Mausoleum of Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty. However, it had a great negative impact at that time. Subsequently, there was a wave of excavation of imperial tombs in China. For this reason, shortly after the excavation of Dingling underground palace in the Ming Dynasty, the State Council issued the document of "stop the excavation of all imperial tombs" under the joint proposal of Zheng Zhenduo, director of the State Administration of cultural relics, and Xia Nai, deputy director of the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (both of whom were opposed to the excavation of Dingling at that time). However, more than ten years later, Emperor Qianlong's Yuling was opened.

On a Sunday in June 1975, Mrs. Wang yeqiu, director of the Cultural Relics Bureau of the Ministry of culture, visited the eastern Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty. It was called tourism. In fact, it was a secret visit to work, so neither Hebei Province nor Tangshan City nor Zunhua county and Dongling depository were informed in advance.

Although there were as many as 15 Mausoleums in the eastern Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty, only Cixi mausoleum was open to visitors at that time. At that time, the office and reception room of the Dongling conservatory were located in the kitchen of Cixi mausoleum. As soon as Wang yeqiu and his wife entered the visiting area, they were recognized by Xie jiuzeng, who often goes to Beijing to enter the gate of the State Administration of cultural relics. He quickly invited Mr. and Mrs. Wang into the reception room and had a rest. Accompanied by director Qiao Qingshan and Xie jiuzeng, he visited Cixi mausoleum. After the visit, Qiao Qingshan reported his work to Director Wang and focused on the idea of opening the Yuling underground palace. Director Wang listened carefully, but did not make any clear statement. Mr. Wang yeqiu was the highest official in charge of the national cultural relics work at that time, and he was also a well-known cultural relics expert at home and abroad. He asked how much it would cost to open the Yuling underground palace? The relevant personnel replied that 20000 yuan is enough. Director Wang nodded and went back to Beijing that day. No one thought that on the seventh day after Wang yeqiu left, the State Administration of cultural relics allocated 20000 yuan. Soon, the Hebei provincial cultural relics department sent someone to supervise and guide the opening of the Yuling underground palace.

Unsolved Mysteries

The mystery of water

Yuling was built in 1752, the 17th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong. When it was built, there was water seepage in the underground palace. Emperor Qianlong once ordered minister Sanhe and others to speed up maintenance and renovation, and it took a lot of effort to solve the problem. At that time, empress Xiaoxian, empress Huixian and empress Zhemin were buried. In the 22nd and 40th years of the reign of Emperor Qianlong, they were buried in the imperial concubine Shujia and the imperial concubine Lingyi respectively. In September 1799, Emperor Qianlong was officially buried. In the 47 years before and after this, there was no water seepage in the underground palace. It shows that the renovation of the underground palace in the 17th year of Qianlong was very successful. However, in 1928, when the Yuling remains were re embalmed, there was more than two meters of water in the underground palace. Since the opening of the Yuling underground palace in 1978, it is necessary to pump water every day during the rainy season in midsummer, otherwise the seepage will rise. Why did the Yuling underground palace seep, and when did the seeping water reappear? None of this has been answered.

The mystery of floating coffin

At the four corners of each coffin in Yuling underground palace, there is a Longshan stone weighing several hundred jin, which firmly fixes the coffin on the coffin bed. The lower part of the Longshan stone is a quadrangular tenon with thin root and thick head. The tenon is inserted into the rectangular eye on the stone coffin bed and pushed to the square eye which is connected to the side. Because the square eye is small and big, the Longshan stone is firmly fixed on the coffin bed. There are longitudinal and transverse grooves on the Longshan stone. The vertical edge of the coffin is stuck in the longitudinal groove of the Longshan stone, and the transverse edge protruding from the bottom of the coffin is clamped by the transverse groove of the Longshan stone, so that the coffin can neither rise, nor move back and forth, left and right. However, when sun dianying entered the Yuling underground palace, he found that Emperor Qianlong's coffin was not on the coffin bed, but withstood the fourth stone gate. Since the four corners of the coffin were firmly pressed by Longshan stone, how could it float? So far, it's hard to understand.

The mystery of female corpse

In August 1928, after the Dongling robbery, Puyi sent zaizaze, Qiling and others to deal with the aftermath. When they were cleaning up the Yuling underground palace, they found a complete female corpse. In the diaries written during the period of the Dongling mausoleum, the Qing Dynasty's ministers who participated in the clearance of the funeral mentioned this matter. According to the judgment of these ministers, this female corpse was empress Xiaoyi, the birth mother of emperor Jiaqing, who died at the age of 49. Among the six tomb owners in the Yuling underground palace, some died earlier than her and were buried later than her; some were younger than her and some were older than her. Why did the other five people become a mess of bones, but her body was intact, not rotten, and her face was as fresh as life? So far, there is no explanation.

The mystery of stone pillar

Each of the first three stone gates of Yuling underground palace is supported by four huge quadrangular stone pillars,

Chinese PinYin : Yu Ling