Wanchunyuan

Spring Garden

synonym

Wanchun Garden generally refers to Qichun garden

Qichun garden was built in Qianlong period. Although Emperor Qianlong first started to build it, the main construction work of Qichun garden was completed by Emperor Jiaqing. Emperor Jiaqing once followed his father's example and summarized Qichun garden as "thirty scenes of Qichun garden".

However, the 30 sceneries of Yichun garden are far less famous than the 40 sceneries of Yuanmingyuan. From the use point of view, after the early years of Daoguang, Qichun garden became the residence of empresses and concubines of the Qing Dynasty.

The origin of history

In the early days of Qichun garden, it was the Royal Garden of Prince Yunxiang of Qingyi, named Jiaohui garden. In the middle of the reign of Emperor Qianlong, the garden was given to Fu Heng, a great scholar, and changed its name to Chunhe garden. In the 34th year of Qianlong (1769), Chunhe garden was classified as Yuanmingyuan, officially named "Qichun garden".

In addition to the palace gate and Zhengjue temple, there were almost no large-scale buildings in Qichun garden during the Qianlong period, only some small pavilions dotted among them, such as Haoran Pavilion, hanyuanzhai, zhilexuan, Lianhui tower, Zhuyuan, shuangshou temple, solemn world, Huanxiu Chengguan, etc. Emperor Qianlong didn't even leave a poem about qichunyuan.

Scale layout

In the Jiaqing Dynasty, many small gardens in the west of Qichun garden were merged, repaired and built. At this time, Qichun garden reached its heyday, and its quality and scale could not be compared with Yuanmingyuan and Changchun Garden.

In the 10th year of Xianfeng, Yichun garden was burned by British and French forces.

Qichun Garden (later renamed Wanchun Garden in Tongzhi years) is located in the south of Yuanmingyuan and Changchun Garden. The plane of the three gardens is in inverted "pin" shape. Qichun garden covers an area of about 800 mu, which is slightly smaller than Changchun Garden. It is composed of bamboo garden, Hanhui garden, Xishuang village and the northern half of Chunhe garden. The composition of Qichun garden is quite special. It is a combination of several small gardens and was built in different periods. Therefore, the whole garden does not have a unified overall layout like Changchun Garden. Generally speaking, Qichun garden is a collection of small waterscape gardens.

Main scenic spots

Thirty scenes

The 30 sceneries of Qichun garden are composed of several small lakes and hills, which are interspersed with hills and water system. The layout is free and loose. However, they are highly appreciated by Emperor Jiaqing and named "30 sceneries of Qichun garden".

Palace District

The palace area of Qichun garden is located in the southeast corner, which is the new palace gate, Yinghui hall, Zhonghe hall, Fuchun hall, houdian hall and Wenyue tower. In the north of the palace area are fenglinzhou, next to chunzezhai, shengdongshi and woyunxuan. In the middle are chunzezhai, Siyi library and Qingxia hall. In the West are Jianbi Pavilion, Hanqiu hall, Changhe hall, Chengxin hall, lvmanxuan, zhanshiyinglv, songfengluoyue and other scenic spots.

Religious architecture

Qichun garden is decorated with Zhengjue temple and other religious buildings.

Tourism characteristics

palace gate

The palace gate of Qichun garden, in the southeast of the garden, was built more than half a century later than the grand palace gate of Yuanmingyuan and the second palace gate of Changchun Garden, so it is called the "new palace gate" and is still in use today. The gate of the palace has three rooms. In front of the gate, there are five shadow walls and five East-West rooms. Inside the gate, there is a crescent shaped Royal River flowing through.

main hall

After passing the Royal Bridge, you can walk further inside the gate of the second palace. In the center is Yinghui hall, the main hall of Yichun garden. In the north of the hall, there are two long corridors connected with Zhonghe hall.

Dormitory area

To the north of Zhonghe hall is a small hill. To the north of the hill is the royal palace area. The palace area is the most important and largest building complex in the garden. Its main buildings are Jixi hall and Yongchun hall, which was later renamed Fuchun hall. It is worth mentioning that during Tongzhi's reconstruction, the old places such as Jixi hall and Fuchun hall were changed into "Tiandi yijiachun" for Empress Dowager Cixi to live in. "Tiandi yijiachun" was originally a side hall in Jiuzhou Qingyan of Yuanmingyuan Garden. At this time, the renovation only used its name, and the scale and pattern greatly exceeded the old system.

Heartland

In the geometric center of Qichun garden, there are several unique gardens, such as zhanshiyinglv, Chunze garden, shengdongshi, woyunxuan, Siyi library and so on. These gardens are separated by meandering waterways, and they are hidden and reflected each other. Most of the later critics praise the layout here, and think that the scenery here is as meaningful and charming as Chinese poetry and painting.

Southwest and Northeast

The southwest and northeast of Qichun garden are famous for its water scenery. Each of them has a large lake and islands, forming a unique scenery. Lvmanxuan, changhetang and chengxintang are all built on the southwest Island, while fenglinzhou, xianrencheng terrace and other famous scenic spots are built on the Northeast island. It is said that you can enjoy the natural and graceful silhouette of a fairy from any position in the East, West, North and south.

west

The Qingxia hall in the west of Qichun garden covers an area of about 10 mu. The whole building is in the shape of "Gong". It is a typical garden for leisure living in Qingxia. Besides the main building, there are pavilions and verandahs. The courtyard is planted with pines and bamboos. Outside, there are small and beautiful lakes and mountains. It can be called "villa in villa".

south

In addition, there is a relatively independent and complete building complex in the south of Qichun garden, Zhengjue temple. Zhengjue temple is a lama temple. The temple itself has an independent south gate, and its back door connects with the interior of Qichun garden. Zhengjue temple is one of the few surviving buildings in Yuanmingyuan. From this point of view, its value is very precious.

Outside the west wall

In addition, in the south of Fuyuan gate of Yuanmingyuan and outside the west wall of Qichun garden, there is a special garden called Chenghuai garden. It is a residence specially designed for the CI ministers of Nanshu and Shangshu, commonly known as Hanlin garden. From the third year of Yongzheng to the Xianfeng Dynasty, chenghuaiyuan was the official residence of the South study and the upper study, which was the highest courtesy of the Qing Dynasty to the Han officials. The Xianfeng emperor once said in a poem, "the west wall is full of willows and flowers, and the elegant collection should know that there is an imperial residence.". Chenghuai garden is actually a subsidiary garden of Yuanmingyuan, and its protection and management are in the charge of the Yuanmingyuan administrator.

Go through history

Qichun garden was originally granted by Prince Yi Yunxiang, the 13th Prince of Emperor Kangxi. It was built no later than the early years of Yongzheng, about the end of Kangxi. Later, it was granted to Fu Heng, a Bachelor of Baohe palace and Minister of military aircraft, the younger brother of Emperor Qianlong. In the 35th year of Qianlong reign (1770), it was officially incorporated into Yuanmingyuan, named qichunyuan, and was replaced by a plaque. The area at that time did not include the northwest. In 1774, the general manager of the park was set up. At that time, the buildings in the garden were collapsed and only a few repairs were made. Emperor Qianlong had not yet lived in the garden. Since 1795 (the 60th year of Emperor Qianlong), large-scale reconstruction and additional construction have been carried out. By 1805 (the 10th year of Jiaqing), more than ten landscape groups had been built. Emperor Jiaqing chanted "thirty scenes of Qichun garden".

In 1809 (the 14th year of Jiaqing), the new palace gate was built. In 1814 (the 19th year of Jiaqing), the Qichun garden reached its heyday and became one of the main places where emperor Jiaqing lived for a long time. In the 4th and 16th years of Jiaqing period, the west part of the garden was granted two more gardens. One was Xishuang village where Wang Yongzhen got married, and the other was Hanhui garden of Princess Zhuang Jing Heshuo. After large-scale repair, reconstruction and addition, the garden began to take on a scale of 1000 mu, becoming one of the main gardens of the Qing emperor's garden. So far, the Yuanming three gardens were in their heyday.

daily management

After a hundred years of continuous construction, Yuanmingyuan, Changchun Garden and Qichun garden have finally become a complete royal garden. Although the three gardens have three names, they are actually one. They all share common paths with each other. Administratively, they are also under the unified management of the minister in charge of the garden.

At that time, there were nearly 30 famous landscape groups, such as Fuchun hall, qingxiazhai, Hanqiu hall, shengdongshi, Siyi library, chunzezhai, fenglinzhou, weizaotang, zhonghetang, Bixiang, zhulinyuan, xiyushanfang, Yanyu building, Hanhui building, Chengxin hall, Changhe hall, zhanqingxuan, zhaoliangxie, lingxu Pavilion, etc. There are more than 100 garden buildings with plaques. Qichunyuan palace gate, built in 1809, is also called "new palace gate" because it was built more than half a century later than the grand palace gate of Yuanmingyuan and the second palace gate of Changchun Garden.

In 1821 (the first year of Daoguang), the fuchuntang area on the East Road of qichunyuan was rebuilt and decorated for the residence of Empress Dowager and imperial concubine. The landscapes in the west road still belong to the two emperors' garden of Daoguang (1821-1850) and Xianfeng (1851-1861). According to the records of Qichun garden by Emperor Jiaqing, "this garden is only three tenths of that of Yuanmingyuan, and it has a unique natural structure. Although a large number of Jingguan scenic spots can't see its Jinya, the small scenic spots in Yunlin are also quite impressive.".

When the garden was destroyed in 1860 by the British and French allied forces, a small number of buildings, such as the palace gate area, the solemn legal circle, Huiji temple, zhanqingxuan, lvmanxuan and so on, survived. During the reign of Tongzhi, the garden was renamed wanchunyuan and some buildings were restored. In 1900, the Allied forces of the eight countries invaded and completely destroyed in the war. Up to now, there are only more than ten dilapidated houses in Zhengjue temple. It was renamed wanchunyuan when Tongzhi tried to rebuild it.

Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park, following the Fuhai project, renovated the mountain shaped water system of qichunyuan in 1986, and successively restored the new palace gate, Jianbi Pavilion, Haoran Pavilion, xianrencheng terrace and other scenic spots of qichunyuan.

Address: beside xinjingxuan, Qinghua West Road

Longitude: 116.313467

Latitude: 40.000576

Chinese PinYin : Wan Chun Yuan