Zhongshan guild hall

Zhongshan guild hall

Zhongshan guild hall is a municipal cultural relic protection unit. Located in zhuchao street, Xuanwu District. During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, the Xiangshan guild hall was built by the villagers of Xiangshan County, Guangdong Province. The gate of the guild hall faces east from the West. It is divided into three courtyards, the front, the middle and the back. The east part of the courtyard is the house, the west part is the garden, and the antique building facing the gate is the flower hall. The flower hall is surrounded by windows and painted with Soviet style paintings. In the summer of 1912, when Sun Yat Sen came to Beijing for the second time, he met visitors in the flower hall.

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Construction background

In the early days, it became a place for young people to carry out revolutionary activities. "Guangdong Youth Association" took this as the venue, and later established "Zhongshan Youth Association". When Sun Yat Sen came to Beijing in the summer of 1912, he met visitors in the flower Hall of the guild hall. After the death of Sun Yat Sen, the flower hall was used as an exhibition room to display Sun Yat Sen's photos outside the flower hall and memorials such as the will of the premier. Later, it was used as the underground Liaison Station of CPC (harmony), located at the west end of the five halls. In 1933, Tang Shaoyi raised money again to repair the Zhongshan guild hall. The original gate of the guild hall faces west, and then it faces east. There is a wooden shadow wall facing the gate. The east half of the courtyard is housing, and the west half is garden. It is divided into three courtyards: front, middle and back. There are cross courtyards on the left and right, 80 meters long from east to west and 50-64 meters wide from north to south. The main buildings of the guild hall are north-south. The gate is located in the middle of the guild hall, with five purlins on the top of the hill. There are sparrows between the eaves and pillars. Stone lions are carved on the door drum stones. The flower hall is directly opposite to the gate. The front porch on the East is connected with the wing corner of the main hall. There are three corridors in the main building, which lead to the gate. The flower hall is painted with Su style color paintings, and the eastern corridor is equipped with flower covers between the columns. There are three North rooms on the north side of the flower hall, and a matching room on the west side and behind the north room. There are South and North rooms in the central courtyard, and there are several corridors behind the south room, which are connected with the four West rooms in the South as a whole. The West courtyard used to be a part of the garden. There are rooms in the west, one in the East, one in the north and one in the south. In 1951, the guild hall was taken over by the "Beijing Guangdong guild hall property management committee". In 1987, it was announced as the protection area and construction control zone. The protection area extends to the East and south walls of No. 5 courtyard of zhuchao street in the East and south, and to the planning red line in the West and North. Later, the guild hall was turned into a residential house, and the house was seriously damaged. Among them, Kuixing building and stage have been demolished, Taihu stone rockery has been moved to other places, flower hall and hall are well preserved.

Original name

Sun Yat Sen hall was originally purchased by Liu Yunhan, a Jinshi and a teacher of the crown prince during the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. A ancestral hall was built on the north side of the land for assembly, mourning and coffining. During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, Yidi moved to the Longtan Lake area in zuo'anmen, and Xiangshan guild hall was built. Guangxu five years (1879) Xiangshan County, Guangdong Xiangshan friends expand the building Xiangshan guild hall, bought part of the nearby houses and open space. In 1895, Tang Shaoyi, an important official of Xiangshan nationality in Guangdong Province who worked in Korea, returned to Beijing to live here and raised money to expand the Xiangshan guild hall. Three years later, a large guild hall with stage, garden, rockery and cloister was built.

In 1901, Yuan Shikai was promoted to governor of Zhili and Minister of Beiyang. He used Tang Shaoyi as the official of Tianjin Customs. During his term of office, Tang Shaoyi made great achievements in taking over the urban area of Tianjin occupied by the Eight Power Allied forces and taking back the management power of Qinhuangdao port, which impressed his colleagues. Yuan Shikai also went to the court to praise Tang Shaoyi for his outstanding performance and ability. Tang Shaoyi, a southerner, went to Europe and America to study as a boy. After studying, he returned to China. He served in Tianjin tax office and Longshan Commercial Committee. Later, he had close contacts with Yuan Shikai. In 1901, when Yuan Shikai was promoted to governor of Zhili and Minister of Beiyang, Tang Shaoyi was entrusted with important tasks and made great achievements during his term of office. However, under the influence of Western democratic thought, Tang Shaoyi did not go along with Yuan Shikai, who was trying to restore the country. Instead, he resigned angrily and returned to his hometown and met Dr. Sun Yat Sen. Tang Shaoyi, who returned to his hometown in 1925, proposed to change Xiangshan County into Zhongshan County to commemorate Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the father of the nation, and became the county magistrate of Zhongshan County. In fact, Tang Shaoyi had many forward-looking ideas, but because of the limitations of the current situation at that time, they did not take shape in the end.

In October 1911, the southern revolutionaries, led by Sun Yat Sen, successfully launched the Wuchang Uprising, ended the monarchy and carried out the Republic. The precarious Qing Dynasty hastily appointed Tang Shaoyi as its plenipotentiary and went south to Shanghai to negotiate peace with Wu Tingfang, the representative of Nanjing. Tang Shaoyi, who had accepted the western democratic and Republican Thought since childhood, formulated a peace platform for himself, which was "the Qing government is not enough to protect, but the Republic should promote", accelerated the collapse of the feudal dynasty, and contributed to the establishment of China's republican system. As a result, he became a close friend with Sun Yat Sen during the peace talks between the north and the south.

After the Wuchang Uprising, Tang Shaoyi became the Plenipotentiary of Yuan Shikai's cabinet. In 1912, he served as premier of Yuan Shikai's cabinet. After Sun Yat Sen resigned from the presidency, Tang Shaoyi had a tit for tat struggle with Yuan Shikai, the successor who was determined to restore the monarchy. He opposed dictatorship, defended democracy and insisted that everything be passed through Parliament. Seeing that he was unable to turn the situation around, he resigned as prime minister.

Tang Shaoyi, who returned to his hometown in 1922, went back to Tangjia ancient town in Zhuhai. At home, Tang Shaoyi did not forget his responsibility of enriching the country. In 1927, under the proposal of Tang Shaoyi, Guangdong national government renamed Xiangshan County Zhongshan County to commemorate the late Prime Minister Sun Yat Sen forever. He also suggested that the county system should be improved, and Zhongshan County should be set as a model county as the experimental focus of improving the county political system. In 1929, the central government decided to build Sun Yat Sen's hometown as a "national model county". Tang Shaoyi, who was nearly 70 years old, lived up to the expectations of the public and was invited to be the head of Zhongshan County. It is incomprehensible that he "condescended to the post of a county as the Prime Minister of a country". But this is one of Tang Shaoyi's long cherished ambitions.

As early as 1909, Tang Shaoyi, who was then the governor of the Qing government, won the support of the imperial court and was allowed to establish a tax free commercial port in Xiangzhou, which is close to Macao.

In 1930, Tang Shaoyi presided over the government affairs of Zhongshan model county, and then reopened the discussion. He planned to build a 50000 ton Wharf in Tangjiawan area of Zhuhai City, which has a better water environment, open up the routes between Hong Kong, Macao and inland rivers, and set up an international tax free commercial port to attract international capital.

Tang Shaoyi has twice planned "tax free commercial port", which is to build an open special economic zone. But due to the limitation of history, we can only see this simple sketch.

In March 1925, after the death of Dr. Sun Yat Sen, at the initiative of Tang Shaoyi, Xiangshan County was changed to Zhongshan County, and Xiangshan guild hall was also changed to Zhongshan guild hall. In 1933, Tang Shaoyi, then head of Zhongshan County in Guangdong Province, again raised money from his hometown to repair the Zhongshan guild hall in Beijing.

development history

In the summer of 1894, when Sun Yat Sen, 28, first came to Beijing, the Xiangshan guild hall had not been expanded.

"Sun Yat Sen came to Beijing for the first time and probably lived here." Huang Zonghan, a doctor of history at the National People's Congress, said that because of the policy of "separation of banner and Han", Han people can only live in the outer city. At that time, Sun Yat Sen passed through Tianjin and entered Beijing through Yongdingmen in the north. "Because there is no record of Sun Yat Sen's visit to the inner city, Sun Yat Sen himself has no record of visiting relatives and friends, and Sun Yat Sen's hometown is in Cuiheng village, Xiangshan County, so according to the custom of the people at that time, he should live in Xiangshan guild hall."

In the summer of 1912, when Sun Yat Sen came to Beijing for the second time, he met visitors in the flower Hall of the guild hall. (the flower hall should be the conference room)

When Sun Yat Sen came to Beijing for the second time, he was invited by the association to attend the welcome party of East Guangdong guild hall and have lunch in the flower Hall of the association. The old resident of Zhongshan guild hall once recalled fondly: when he heard that Sun Yat Sen was coming, he painted the porch in advance. In the flower hall, hardwood furniture was placed in the front, and yellow sofa was placed in the back. The cloisters around the flower hall and the flower hall were filled with flowers. Sun Yat Sen was wearing a suit. His former wife was wearing a long black skirt with a white petticoat and Japanese hairstyle. Along with Secretary song ailing.

After Sun Yat Sen's death, Xiangshan County in Guangdong Province was changed to Zhongshan County, and the Xiangshan guild hall was also renamed Zhongshan guild hall.

After Sun Yat Sen's death, the flower hall was used as an exhibition room to display Sun Yat Sen's "will of the premier" and other memorials.

Sun Yat Sen guild hall was also a place for the revolutionary activities of the aspiring youth after the revolution of 1911. The Guangdong Youth Association worked here, and the Sun Yat Sen Youth Association, which was later established, also carried out activities here.

During the war of liberation, the Urban Work Department of the Central Bureau of Shanxi Chahar Hebei and the Urban Work Department of the Central Bureau of North China of the Communist Party of China, in accordance with the CPC Central Committee's policy of "concealment, long-term ambush, accumulation of strength, waiting for the opportunity", formed various working committees in Beiping according to different industries, organized and led the majority of Party members to carry out revolutionary struggle, and made important contributions to the peaceful liberation of Beiping The secret activity site of the underground organization under the Ministry of foreign affairs. Liu Ren and other comrades have carried out underground activities here.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Zhongshan guild hall became a folk house, and gradually became a courtyard for nearly 100 households. At the most, there were nearly 400 families.

Mr. William Ho, chairman of Sun Yat Sen foundation, chairman of the World Federation of overseas Chinese associations and chairman of the board of directors of Hong Kong Huibao investment group, returned to his hometown Zhongshan and began a four-day visit to visit his relatives. The reporter learned that in the past 30 years

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