Beijing Olympic Park

Beijing Olympic Park is located in Chaoyang District, Beijing. It is located at the north end of the central axis of Beijing, north to the South Bank of Qinghe River, South to Beitucheng Road, east to Anli road and Beichen East Road, West to lincui road and Beichen West Road. It covers a total area of 11.59 square kilometers. It embodies the three concepts of "science and technology, green and humanity", and integrates office, business, hotel, culture, sports and games It is a new type of urban area with multiple functions. During the 2008 Olympic Games, there are 10 Olympic venues, including bird's nest, water cube, National Stadium, fencing hall of National Convention Center, Olympic Sports Center Stadium, Olympic Sports Center Stadium, Yingdong natatorium, archery field of Olympic Park, tennis court of Olympic Park and hockey court of Olympic Park. In addition, there are seven non competition venues including the Olympic main news center (MPC), International Broadcasting Center (IBC), Olympic reception center and Olympic Village (Paralympic Village). It is a comprehensive public activity center including sports events, exhibition center, science and education culture, leisure shopping and other functions. From December 4, 2017, Beijing Olympic Park will try out the real name system.

Location context

Beijing Olympic Park is located in Chaoyang District, Beijing. It is located at the north end of the central axis of Beijing City, north to the South Bank of Qinghe River, South to Beitucheng Road, east to Anli road and Beichen East Road, West to lincui road and Beichen West Road, covering a total area of 11.59 square kilometers.

Climatic characteristics

Beijing Olympic Park belongs to temperate continental semi humid monsoon climate. Four distinct seasons and concentrated precipitation. In spring, it is dry and windy, with large temperature difference between day and night; in summer, it is hot and rainy; in autumn, it is sunny and rainy, with suitable temperature and sufficient light; in winter, it is cold and dry, with more wind and less snow. The annual average temperature is 11.6 ℃, the average temperature of the coldest month in January is 4.6 ℃, the average temperature of the hottest month in July is 25.9 ℃, the annual frost free period is 192 days, the annual average precipitation is 581 mm (1971-2000), and the summer precipitation accounts for 75% of the whole year. Since 1998, the climate has been obviously warm and dry, and it has been dry in successive years. The total annual sunshine radiation is 134.24 kcal / cm2, and the physiological radiation accounts for 49% of the total annual radiation. The annual sunshine hours are 2841.4 hours, with 279.1 hours in May and 277.3 hours in June.

Beijing Olympic Park is divided into three parts: the Olympic Forest Park with an area of 6.8 square kilometers in the north, the central area with an area of 3.15 square kilometers in the middle, and the completed and reserved area (Olympic Sports Center) with an area of 1.64 square kilometers in the south.

The completed and reserved area was originally the National Olympic Sports Center, which is located in the south of the middle road of the North Fourth Ring Road and the east of Beichen road. All the venues are the competition venues of the 1990 Asian Games, including the Olympic Sports Center Stadium, the Olympic Sports Center Stadium and the Yingdong swimming pool. The reserved land in the South will be developed into a cultural and business district. The central area is located in the middle of the Olympic Park, south of Kehui road and north of North Fourth Ring Road. The Olympic village is located in the northwest corner, and the main stadiums are located in the south, including the National Stadium "bird's nest", the National Swimming Center "Water Cube", the National Stadium, and the National Conference Center (fencing hall and international broadcasting center during the games). In addition, the Olympic multifunctional broadcasting tower (Linglong tower), digital Beijing Building and main news center are also in this area. The forest park is located in the north of Kehui road. It uses the ancient Chinese garden technology of digging lake and piling mountain to build "Aohai" and "Yangshan" as the end of the north extension of Beijing central axis. The park is divided into North District and South District by the Fifth Ring Road. The south district is dominated by artificial landscape, while the North District is more close to the natural and wild interest. An "ecological corridor" across the Fifth Ring Road is set up in the middle of the two areas. On the west side of the park are the Olympic park hockey field, the Olympic Park archery field and the Olympic Park Tennis Court (now known as the "National Tennis Center"). In the other way, all areas except the Olympic village are divided into five areas according to the planning functions

To the south of the North Road of the National Stadium is the "sports functional area". The main sports facilities such as the National Stadium "bird's nest", the National Swimming Center "Water Cube", the National Stadium, the Olympic Sports Center Stadium, the Olympic Sports Center Stadium, and the Yingdong natatorium are located in this area. Between the North Road of National Stadium and Kehui Road, on the east side of the dragon shaped water system is the "culture, science and education area". The new museum of science and technology of China, the planned new museum of art of China and the center of Chinese studies are set up in this area. Between the National Stadium North Road and Kehui Road, on the west side of the dragon shaped water system is the "characteristic business district". The National Conference Center, Beichen Intercontinental Hotel, Sunken Plaza business district and the watchtower under construction are located in this area. Between Kehui road and Wuhuan road is the "forest recreation area", corresponding to the south area of the forest park. North of the Fifth Ring Road is the "ecological recreation area", corresponding to the north area of the forest park.

The Olympic Park has designed different landscapes around the central axis running through the whole park, including three axes: the central axis, the tree array in the West and the dragon shaped water system in the East. Three different spaces (Celebration Square, sunken garden and leisure Square) are set between the dragon shaped water system and the central axis, and landscape design is carried out on both sides of the water system. Linglong tower, a landmark landscape tower, is set up in the park to provide media with studio, TV broadcast and other services during the games. In addition, the existing historical relics in the park, including the Niangniang Temple in Beiding, are also considered in the landscape design.

The central axis itself is designed as a landscape Avenue, with a total area of 400000 square meters. There are no buildings in the middle (called "virtual axis", which is opposite to the "real axis" of buildings in the inner city). The main road starts from panda island in the South and ends at the South Gate Square of Forest Park in the north, with a total length of 3.7 km. Within the range of 21 to 60 meters in width, gray granite is used to imitate the imperial road in ancient Chinese architecture for pavement. Even if the intersection position with the municipal road remains unchanged, so as to maintain the integrity of the main road.

The tree array landscape on the west side is 100 meters wide and 2.4 kilometers long. It starts from the north side of the Fourth Ring Road in the South and ends at Kehui road in the north. In the middle, it is disconnected from the National Swimming Center and the east side of the National Stadium to form a square. The trees in the tree array are arranged in a matrix with an interval of 6 meters. The tree species are mainly local species in Beijing. Considering the cost, Ginkgo biloba is not used completely. Instead, Pinus tabulaeformis, Populus tomentosa, Sophora japonica, Koelreuteria paniculata and other tree species are used as the main body of the square array, and Ginkgo biloba array runs through both sides. Under the trees, from the hard permeable brick in the south to the regular hedge in the middle, and finally to the free greening in the north, gradually integrated into the forest.

The dragon shaped water system on the east side has a total length of about 2.7 km, a width of 20-125 meters, and a total area of 16.5 hectares. It starts from the south side of the bird's nest in the South and ends at the Aohai Forest Park in the north. Although it is an artificial water system, and the water source is also the reclaimed water produced in the sewage treatment plant, the ecological balance is constructed artificially in the construction to achieve the effect of natural purification. The West Hubian Road on the West Bank is a non motorized lane. A hydrophilic platform is set beside the sunken garden, supplemented by steps, platforms, seats and other facilities. On the east bank, there is a green belt. The vegetation on the west side is low and sparse, and on the east side is high and dense. In this way, it is not only beneficial to view the central area from the east bank to the west, but also makes the landscape of the central area rich in layers.

Among the three sections of space, the Celebration Square in the south section is connected with the central axis square, providing the surrounding National Stadium, swimming center and gymnasium with space for large-scale activities and outdoor activities during and after the games. Fountain tanks are set on the north and south sides. The sunken garden in the middle section is designed in combination with the surrounding subway station and more than 200000 square meters of underground commercial facilities. With the theme of "open Forbidden City", seven courtyards are set up, which are arranged from south to north. Different designs are adopted respectively (courtyard 4 and courtyard 5 are separated by roads and adopt the same design), reflecting different traditional Chinese cultural elements. The leisure garden in the north section is naturally planted with vegetation, as a buffer zone from the central area to the forest, with open space in the middle of the vegetation for activities; the watchtower under construction is located in the leisure garden.

The total length of the underground circular transportation corridor in the central area of Beijing Olympic Park is 9.9 km, of which the main road is 4.5 km, which is the longest urban tunnel in Asia. The direction of the circular passage is roughly the same as that of Nanyi Road, Hubian East Road, Beiyi road and Jingjing West Road in the central area of the Olympic Park. The East and West sections are 13 meters above the ground, and the north and South sections are 7.8 meters above the ground. The main body of the passage is 4498.92m long, the exit connected with the ground is 3719.06m long, and the total length of the underground project is 9931.78m. The passage is 12.25m wide and has three lanes. The special feature of the passage is that it only allows one-way driving in a counterclockwise direction, and the speed limit is 30 kilometers per hour. 25 entrances and exits connect the surrounding road network. There are 25 entrances and exits in the underground passage every two or three hundred meters. The dense entrances and exits are connected with nearly 10 municipal roads, such as the North Fourth Ring Road, Chengfu Road, Datun Road, Kehui road and Beichen road around the central area of the Olympic Park. Among them, there are 6 entrances and 7 exits connected with surface roads, and 6 entrances and 6 exits connected with Datun Road Tunnel and Chengfu road tunnel. The underpass is also connected with the underground garage in the surrounding buildings, and there are 34 interfaces reserved for those buildings that are still on the drawing and have not started construction. In addition, the underpass is not just a traffic corridor. It has complete ancillary facilities, including five independent escape exits

Chinese PinYin : Bei Jing Ao Lin Pi Ke Gong Yuan