Yuelu Academy

Located in Yuelu Mountain Scenic Area, Yuelu Academy is an ancient Han academy building, which is one of the four famous academies in Chinese history. It was founded in the ninth year of Kaibao (976) of Taizu in the Northern Song Dynasty. It was named Yuelu Academy by Zhenzong. With a history of more than a thousand years, it is a "Millennium University" rarely seen in the world.

The main axis of the academy is Qianmen, hexitai, Damen, Ermen, lecture hall and imperial library. The left side of the main building is the Confucian temple, the right side is baiquanxuan and garden buildings, and the two sides of the gate are zhaishe.

The most striking is a couplet on the gate of the Academy, which says: "only Chu has talent, and it is prosperous here." The main idea is that the talents of Chu met here. The first couplet was written by yuan Mingyao, who was the president of Yuelu Academy during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty. The second couplet was written by Zhang Zhongjie, a student of the Academy at that time. The two sentences are respectively from Zuozhuan and the Analects of Confucius. During the Anti Japanese War, the couplet was destroyed by Japanese planes. What is hanging now is a copy based on historical photos in 1984.

Yuelu Academy

Yuelu Academy is one of the four famous academies in Chinese history. It is located at the foot of Yuelu Mountain on the West Bank of Xiangjiang River in Changsha, Hunan Province, a famous historical and cultural city in China. As one of the oldest academies in the world, its ancient traditional academy buildings have been completely preserved. Every group of courtyards, every stone tablet, every brick and tile, and every wind lotus are glittering with the humanistic essence refined by time God. In 1988, Yuelu Academy complex was approved as the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

After thousands of years, Yuelu Academy has a long history of learning. In the ninth year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (976 AD), Zhu Dong, the prefect of Tanzhou, founded Yuelu Academy on the basis of monks. In 1015 A.D., Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty summoned the Chang Zhou style of Yuelu Mountain and wrote the four character gate of Yuelu Academy.

Later, after the Southern Song Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty, in 1903, Yuelu Academy and Hunan Provincial University were merged and transformed into Hunan higher education school, and the former site of the Academy was still used. In 1926, Hunan University was officially named Hunan University, and its base has been expanded to this day.

In 1986, Hunan University announced the completion of the restoration of Yuelu Academy and officially opened it to the public.

In 2005, Yuelu Academy was officially restored in Hunan University, which consists of China Philosophy Research Institute, History Research Institute, China ideological and Cultural Research Institute, China Academy Research Center and China soft power culture research center.

In 2009, the discipline of Yuelu Academy has been completed from undergraduate, master, doctoral to postdoctoral. It has officially become the entity school running organization and scientific research base of Hunan University. The Millennium academic pulse has been extended again, and the Millennium university has added glory again.

Today's Yuelu Academy is not only the culture, history and philosophy talent training and research base of Hunan University, but also the tourist attraction of Hunan Province. It is also the cultural window and business card of Changsha City.

Historical evolution

Yuelu Mountain has been a famous cultural mountain since ancient times. Before the Western Jin Dynasty, it was the activity place of Taoists. There were Wanshou Palace, Chongzhen temple and so on. Lushan temple was founded in 268, and is still well preserved. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao Kan once built Shanan to study here. Daolin temple was built in the Six Dynasties. In Tang Dynasty, Ma Sui built "Daolin jingshe". At the end of Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties, Zhixuan and other two monks were "the way of Confucian thinkers". Under Lushan temple, they "ceded land to build houses" and built a "Jushi style" school. Yuelu Academy was born on the basis of "inheriting and expanding" wisdom.

In the fourth year of Xianping (1001), Li Yun asked to write a letter, issued an imperial edict to all scriptures, commentaries, historical records, Yupian, TangYun, and granted the construction of Xiangxi Academy.

In the ninth year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (976 AD), the Taishou Zhu cave of Tanzhou officially established Yuelu Academy near Baohuang cave at the foot of Yuelu Mountain.

Yuelu Academy entered the heyday of the Northern Song Dynasty from 1008 to 1017.

In 1015 A.D., Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty personally summoned Shanchang Zhoushi and praised the Zhoushi school. He wrote the plaque of "Yuelu Academy". The stone inscriptions of Yuelu Academy in Ming Dynasty are the handwriting of Zhenzong in Song Dynasty. Under the leadership of the Zhou Dynasty, the number of students and the scale of the institutions of Yuelu Academy had a great development, so it became one of the four largest academies in the world. There are many opinions about the "four academies", but only Yuelu is promoted by all schools, which reflects the ancient scholars' praise of Yuelu.

At the turn of Song Dynasty, Yuelu Academy was looted by war. In the first year of Qiandao (1165), Liu Gong, a pacifier from Hunan Province, rebuilt Yuelu Academy. He also recruited the famous Neo Confucianist bishop Zhang Lei to strengthen Yuelu Academy's educational and academic status in the Southern Song Dynasty. During the period of bishop Zhang, with the guiding ideology of opposing the study of imperial examination and benefiting the people and training the talents of preaching and helping the people, he cultivated a group of outstanding students such as Wu lie, Zhao Fang, you Jiuyan, Chen Qi and so on.

In the third year of Qiandao reign (1167 A.D.), Zhu Xi visited and held a famous "Zhu Zhang meeting" with Zhang. There was an endless stream of people who came to listen to the lecture. People at that time described that "at that time, there were many horses, and the water in the drinking pool dried up.". This conference also promoted the development of Neo Confucianism in Song Dynasty and ancient Chinese philosophy, so it was not only Changsha, but also a grand event in ancient Chinese cultural history.

In the fifth year of Qiandao (1169), Zhang swab knew Yanzhou, and Biao Juzheng was appointed the head of the Academy.

After Zhu Zhanghui's speech, Yuelu Academy became more famous. Wu Cheng, a Yuan Dynasty scholar, said in the reconstruction of Yuelu Academy: "since then, Yuelu has become Yuelu, not Yuelu before." In the fifth year of Shaoxi reign (1194), after 27 years of Yuelu meeting, Zhu Xi served as Hunan pacifier and came to Tanzhou again to reorganize Yuelu Academy and issue the doctrine of Zhuzi Academy. After his renovation, Yuelu Academy once again entered a prosperous period.

In 1246, LiZong, the deacon of Chunyou, granted the plaque of "Yuelu Academy", which was built in the south of Xiangxi Academy. In 1275, the yuan army conquered Changsha, and Yuelu Academy was set on fire. Hundreds of students of Yuelu Academy took part in the battle, and most of them committed suicide after the city was broken. After the unification of the whole country, the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty tried their best to promote the restoration and development of the Academy. Liu Bida, the founder of Tanzhou University, presided over the reconstruction of Yuelu Academy. Yuelu Academy, which had been abandoned for more than 10 years, began to revive.

In 1314 (the first year of Yan Dynasty), Liu Anren presided over the overhaul again. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the war broke out again, and Yuelu Academy was destroyed in 1368.

In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang pursued the policy of "education first in governing the country and school-based in education". We should attach importance to the revival of local official schools, but not advocate academy education. Because of the decadence of the academies all over the country, Yuelu Academy has been silent for more than 100 years. During Chenghua (1465-1487), academies began to recover gradually.

In 1432 (the seventh year of Xuande), the earliest restoration of Yuelu Academy was carried out by private funds. In 1469 (the fifth year of Chenghua), Qian Peng, the magistrate of Changsha, revived the Academy again, but it was soon abandoned.

In 1494 (the seventh year of Hongzhi), Changsha government ordered Chen Gang to restore Yuelu Academy. Since Xuande in the Ming Dynasty, the main buildings of Yuelu Academy have been concentrated on the central axis for the first time after the local officials such as Chen Gang, Yang Maoyuan, Wang Tao, Wu Shizhong and so on. The main axis extends forward to the West Bank of Xiangjiang River, and then to the top of Yuelu Mountain. With pavilions and archways, the Wenmiao temple has been built on one side of the axis, forming a magnificent landscape of pavilions, pavilions and mountains in the history of Yuelu Academy. The Academy's three functions of lecturing, collecting books and offering sacrifices have been fully restored and developed, laying the foundation for the existing architecture.

In 1507 (the second year of Zhengde), Wang Shouren, the great master of Yangming's mind learning, came to Yuelu to give lectures. The lecture given by Wang Shouren and his disciples in Yuelu Academy is another important school activity of Yuelu Academy after Huxiang school in Southern Song Dynasty, which leads to another academic prosperity of Yuelu Academy.

In 1509 (the fourth year of Zhengde), Wu Shizhong demolished Daolin temple and expanded the Academy.

In 1643 (the 16th year of Chongzhen), Zhang Xianzhong's troops attacked Changsha and fought fiercely with the Ming Dynasty's officers and soldiers. The Academy was destroyed in the scuffle.

From Xuande of Ming Dynasty, Yuelu Academy was destroyed in Yuan Dynasty to 1432. It was built in 1469 and 1494-1496 respectively. It was the first temple to worship Taoism and reopened. During this period, the main buildings of Yuelu Academy were first concentrated on the central axis, which extended forward to the West Bank of Xiangjiang River and then to the top of Yuelu Mountain. With pavilions and archways, a Confucian temple was built on one side of the axis, forming a magnificent landscape of pavilions and pavilions, pavilions and pavilions, and mountains and waters in the history of Yuelu Academy. The Academy's three functions of lecturing, collecting books and offering sacrifices have been fully restored and developed, laying the foundation for the existing architecture.

The Academy of Yuelu in Ming Dynasty was still based on Zhu and Zhang's learning. In the ninth year of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty (1514 AD), Yuelu Academy annals was first revised, and Jiajing, Wanli and Chongzhen three times renewed. After Zhengde, Wang Yangming and his disciples came here to give lectures and spread the theory of mind.

In the ninth year of Jiajing (1530 AD), Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty issued "jingyizhen" and Cheng Haoshi

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