Taiqing Palace

Taiqing Palace

Taiqing palace, located in Laoshan District of Qingdao, is the oldest and largest Taoist temple in Qingdao, with a history of more than 2100 years. Laoshan is located on the seashore, deep in the rock valley, known as the "Fairy Cave House". Laoshan is a hundred Li area, with numerous palaces and temples. It is said that there are nine palaces, eight palaces and seventy-two nunneries, among which the Taiqing palace is the most famous. According to records, in the Han Dynasty, Zhang Lianfu, the capital of Ruizhou in Jiangxi Province, abandoned his official position and came to Laoshan to build a Maoan temple to worship the great emperor Sanguan. In the first year of emperor Tianyou of Tang Dynasty (904 AD), Taoist Li zhequan came here to build a temple to worship the statues of the three emperors, which was called "Sanhuang Temple" and later called "Taiqing Palace". During the reign of Jin Zhangzong and Mingchang, Quanzhen Taoists Qiu Chuji and Liu Changsheng once expounded Quanzhen Taoism here. Liu Changsheng created Quanzhen suishan school here, and there were many believers. Taiqing palace became the ancestor of Quanzhen suishan School of Taoism.

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Taiqing palace is commonly known as Xiagong. It is located at the south foot of Laoshan Mountain and under Laojun peak of Baozhu mountain on the North Bank of Taiqing Bay. Surrounded by mountains and the sea on three sides, Laoshan is the most powerful place in the current situation. According to the stele of Juxian palace written by Zhang Qiyan, a Bachelor of Yuan Dynasty, the palace was built in the early Song Dynasty. According to the records of Taiqing palace, Zhang Lianfu founded Sanguan nunnery in the first year of Jianyuan (140 BC) in the Western Han Dynasty. In the first year of Tang Tianyou (904), Taoist Li zhequan built Sanhuang nunnery in today's Sanhuang hall. In the first year of song Jianlong (960), Liu ruozhou, a Taoist, was granted the title of "Huagai immortal" by imperial edict. He returned to Laoshan mountain to build a Taoist temple. Around 980 ad, Taiqing palace was built here. In 1208, Qiu Chuji went to Laoshan to preach in Taiqing palace. In 1195, Liu chuxuan, one of the northern seven truths of Quanzhen Taoism, went to Taiqing palace in Laoshan to teach classics. Since then, the Taoists of Taiqing palace have come back to their ancestors and become the ancestor of the northern seven truths School of Taoism. Later, many famous Taoists, such as Xu Fuyang, Zhang Sanfeng and Qi benshou, lived in Taiqing palace and practiced Taoism. In the 17th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1589), there was a case of monks and Taoists competing for the site of Taiqing palace. The lawsuit lasted for more than ten years and ended in the victory of the Taoist. Now in front of the Taiqing palace, there is a stele inscribed on the site of Haiyin Temple: "in the 13th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, master Hanshan built Haiyin temple in front of the palace, and in the 28th year, he issued a decree to destroy the temple and restore the palace." From the 13th to the 28th year of Wanli (1585-1600), the old Taoist temple of Taiqing palace collapsed. In 1603, the "four Zhi" of the Taiqing palace was redefined: zhangxianta in the East, bashui River in the west, Dahai in the South and Fenshui River in the north. The present Taiqing palace was rebuilt in this period, but it is divided into three courtyards and three halls, which was rebuilt by Taoist Zhao Fuhui in 1622. In the east of Sanguan hall, there is a hall with two entrances. It is the "Hanlin courtyard" built by Yin Linji, the Imperial Academy of Qing Dynasty, and now it is the guest hall of Taiqing palace. The three courtyards are surrounded by walls, each with its own mountain gate, and are connected by a convenient door. A total of 147 halls, together with 240 road houses and guest rooms, have a construction area of 2500 square meters and an area of 30000 square meters. Later, Yuanchen Pavilion, Yuanjun Pavilion, ancestral hall, bell tower, Drum Tower and other halls were built. In 1989, Sanqing hall, Donghua emperor hall and Xiwangmu hall were repaired, and 47 statues were rebuilt.

In 1985, the Preparatory Committee of Qingdao Taoist Association was established, and its office address is located in Laoshan Taiqing palace. Liu Jiankui, the chairman of the Preparatory Committee of Qingdao Taoist Association, once served as the director of the office of the Preparatory Committee of Qingdao Taoist Association, the bailiff of Taiqing palace, the president of Qingdao Taoist Association, the president and Secretary General of Shandong Taoist Association, the executive director of China Taoist Association, the vice president of China Taoist Association, and the member of the eighth Qingdao CPPCC. There was a Taoist collection in the palace in the 26th year of Wanli (1598), which is a very precious Taoist classic. There are many inscriptions in the Taiqing palace. The earliest inscriptions are the inscriptions of the imperial edicts in 1271 under the eaves of the Sanhuang hall, and the inscriptions of the imperial edicts in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. In addition, there are more than 30 cliff inscriptions of celebrities in the past dynasties. Taiqing palace has ginkgo, crape myrtle, peony, Naidong and other ancient trees and famous flowers. There is a clear spring under the stone steps outside the Sanqing hall. It is clear and sweet. It does not dry up in severe drought and does not overflow in severe flood. It is called "Shenshui spring" and is one of the famous springs in Laoshan mountain. In 1982, it was listed as a key cultural relic protection unit in Qingdao.

Among the numerous Taoist temples, Taiqing palace is the earliest recorded Taoist ancestral court in Laoshan. Taiqing palace has a history of more than 2000 years. It has been repaired in almost every dynasty. Up to now, its architectural style still retains the typical style of Song Dynasty architecture, which is rare in domestic religious buildings. Therefore, it can be said that Taiqing scenic spot is the representative scenic spot of Laoshan Scenic Spot to show Taoist culture.

Taiqing palace covers an area of 30000 square meters, with a construction area of 2500 square meters. The main body of the temple is divided into three parts: Sanguan hall, Sanqing hall and Sanhuang hall. In addition, there are more than 150 houses related to yueci, Dongxi guest hall, kundao courtyard and other ancillary facilities.

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Sanguan hall is the earliest Taoist temple in Laoshan. It is a well-organized Sanjin temple with its gate facing east. In the north of China, most of the gates of temples are open to the south, because sitting in the North symbolizes authority. Laoshan is a fairyland of Taoism. It doesn't pay attention to power. To open the door to the East here is to show respect for the guests. The main hall of Sanguan hall is a single eaves hard Hill brick and stone structure hall. The top of the hall is covered with black tiles and tube tiles. The plaque is a rectangular wood carving seal script, which is a standard Song Dynasty building. Since the Song Dynasty, Sanguan hall has undergone numerous repairs, but it always retains the basic characteristics and style of Song Dynasty architecture. Although it is not magnificent, there is no lack of ancient simplicity and solemnity. It is a typical Taoist temple.

Honors

In November 2019, the list of national intangible cultural heritage representative project protection units was announced, and Taiqing palace of Laoshan Mountain in Qingdao was granted the qualification of "Taoist music (Laoshan Taoist Music)" protection unit

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Landscape collection

In fact, they are Yao, Shun and Yu, the three most influential tribal leaders in ancient China. It is said that Yao respected the heaven and loved the people. He was respected as an official of heaven by later generations because of the favorable weather. In Shun, the people were noble and the earth did not cause disasters, so he was respected as an official of the earth. Later generations often say "Yao, heaven and Shun". Dayu inherited his father's ambition, guided by the circumstances, and managed the unprecedented flood disaster, so he was respected as a water officer. It can be seen from here that the god worshipped by Taoism before Han Dynasty was a historical figure who had contributed to the development of the Chinese nation.

On both sides of the main hall of Sanguan hall, there are two gods, Thunder God and Zhenwu. In Taoism, the God of thunder and the Duke of thunder are not the same thing. The God of thunder here is mainly the one who punishes the wicked and takes corresponding measures to punish the wrongdoers. It is the God of justice. Zhenwu is Xuanwu, one of the four gods. It is said that when Tianzun went on a tour, Zuo Qinglong, you Baihu, Qian Zhuque and Hou Xuanwu surrounded Tianzun to strengthen Tianwei. In addition, it is located in the north of China. From the perspective of location jurisdiction, it also belongs to the scope of Xuanwu God. There is also this reason for worshiping Xuanwu God alone among the four gods. Since the Song Dynasty, the emperors not only respected the gods, but also avoided the names of their ancestors. Later, they changed the word "Xuan" of Xuanwu to "Zhen", which is now "Zhenwu emperor". Zhenwu belongs to water, which is gentle in virtue and moistens all things. In contrast to Thunder God, one symbolizes the highest hardness, and the other symbolizes the highest softness. This kind of philosophical thought is not only the basic thought of Taoist self-cultivation, but also the main purpose of practicing martial arts and internal skills. It has certain guiding significance for health preservation and internal and external skills cultivation.

There are a large number of ancient and famous trees inside and outside the courtyard of Sanguan palace, among which a juniper not far from the gate is the most ancient. This juniper is 18 meters high and more than 3 meters in circumference. It is more than 2100 years old. It is said that it was planted by Zhang Lianfu, founder of Sanguan hall, when he first built the temple. It is still full of vitality. On both sides of the gate of sanjinyuan, there is a ginkgo tree, which is more than 25 meters high and several girths in diameter at breast height. The tree is more than 1000 years old. It was planted by Zhao Kuangyin, the founding emperor of Song Dynasty, when Liu ruozhou, a Taoist of Laoshan, was granted the imperial edict to rebuild the Taiqing palace.

There are several camellia trees in the second entrance and the third entrance of Sanguan hall. Most of them are over 400 years old. Among them, the camellia trees on both sides of the hall of Sanguan Hall (Naidong) are the most famous. On the east side of the tree is a camellia tree, which is nearly 7 meters high and 1.8 meters in circumference. It has been more than 600 years old. It was transplanted from changmenyan island by Zhang Sanfeng, a famous Taoist in Ming Dynasty. Every time the northern snow season, the camellia tree in full bloom, the whole tree is like a thick red snow. Pu Songling, a famous writer in Qing Dynasty, once lived in Laoshan. Seeing this beautiful scenery, he wrote Xiangyu in Strange Tales from a lonely studio. In this article, the flower god in red is named "jiangxue", which means red snow. In fact, it means that this camellia tree is made by a miracle. On the west side of the Sanguan hall is a famous camellia tree, the double petaled white snow pagoda, which is more than 400 years old.

The Imperial Academy is on the east side of Sanguan hall. There is a two entrance hall, which is the East and West guest hall of Taiqing palace. Because it was funded by Yin Linji, the Hanlin Academy in the late Qing Dynasty, people call it "Hanlin academy". The Imperial Academy basically retains the temple garden style of Qing Dynasty and Jiangnan residence garden

Chinese PinYin : Tai Qing Gong