Zhatang Temple

Zhatang Temple

Zhatang temple, located in the seat of the county government, was founded in 1081, shortly after the "post macro period" of Tibetan Buddhism (the revival of Buddhism in Tibet in the late 10th century).

Brief introduction to the temple

Zhatang temple was founded by Zaba enxieba (1012-1090), one of the twelve sages of Zhatang. According to Qingshi, Zaba enxieba was born in the year of Prince (1012, the fifth year of dazhongxiangfu in Song Zhenzong). He was born in the same year as the Supreme marba. When he was young, he was a shepherd for five years in Europe. He became aware and became a monk in front of Yangxu's throne. He named himself Xie Rao Jia Wa (Zhisheng). He listened to and received penaye for about a year before his master. Later, he listened to all the dharmas he knew in front of his uncle's seat in shandun Chaba. As soon as I got Xia Wen Xiu FA from my uncle, I was able to see my master.

In addition, we can know all Dharma by listening and receiving, and then we can become a great access. He built many temples from yah to Yeh. After his uncle died, he was not willing to live in a temple in the valley. Instead, he lived with the female owner of Nadi Hotel, built a new house, talked about many "esoteric sutras" and built a hundred thousand statues of Shengle and xijingang. From there, there are many younger brothers in Yalong (local) and many scholars studying "Mi Xu Jing Shi". A disciple invited him to Yalong,

Experience

He gave birth to the great fortune, which gave him the name of gexizaba. In the middle of a period of time, he and Dangji SANGJIE and ban arrived at the second division of dawagongpo (lunar Lord) and offered a lot of gold in front of dangba's throne. Although dangba did not drink, he still handed down nine kinds of bright light Dharma to the Xijie sect (in the early 11th century, the Indian Buddhist dangba SANGJIE came to Tibet to practice Prajna Sutra and eliminate all the troubles of Nirvana) Give it to him: Dawa Gongbo also passed on "Professor of Liuzhi yoga" to him, and he got great wisdom according to the professor's practice.

When he was seventy years old, he was the Zunji of Zhatang temple in 1081. When he was seventy-nine years old, he was passed away by a disciple who pierced his heart with chopsticks. The temple basically completed the following works, which were completed by his nephew, Xie He, and Chu in the three years before Kuiyou (1093 A.D.), and the total construction time of the temple was 13 years. ".

architectural style

Zaba enxie was originally a monk of the gadang sect, but later he was taught Xijie Fayao by basangjie, so he became a sect of his own and was called Zaba sect.

Zhatang temple was originally named "Adan Zhatang Temple", which means there are five Zhatang temples. Five have is relative to Sangye temple, that is, Sangna temple does not have these things. The so-called "five haves" are as follows: first, the width of the Sutra corridor at the bottom of the main hall of Zhatang Temple (zulakang) is 0.9 meters wider than that of Sangye temple; second, the middle Sutra corridor is painted with murals of Thousand Buddhas; third, the bottom symbolizes Dragon King Zhuo Sijian; fourth, the middle symbolizes nangongyue jieqin; fifth, the upper level symbolizes the mutual pull of medicine king.

Therefore, Zhatang temple has absorbed many architectural styles of Sangye temple in the construction process.

The whole architectural layout of Zhatang temple is built according to the mandala of Tantric Buddhism, which is the so-called "Mandala".

Zhatang temple is one of the earliest buildings in Tibet. The unique murals have not been found in other areas except Xialu temple. These precious historical relics are of great reference value to the study of early Tibetan murals, foreign influences and costumes.

On November 20, 1996, Zhatang temple was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

Layout of the temple

The architectural layout of Zhatang temple is built according to the mandala (Mandala) of Tantric Buddhism. Unfortunately, most of the buildings were destroyed in the "ten-year catastrophe", with the existing main hall and incomplete walls.

The inner, middle and outer walls were originally triple: the inner and middle walls were multilateral and square, but now they no longer exist; the outer wall was oval, with a perimeter of 750 meters.

There is also a trench outside the wall to play a defensive function. According to historical records: in the polygonal inner wall, there are many original ancillary buildings, including monk's house, balcony and lazhang in the East; zhuomalakang and dunkulakan in the West; Gongbu Buddha Hall and dengzeng Buddha Hall in the South; Guanyin Buddha Hall in the north. There are summer chanting hall, storehouse, kitchen and other buildings in the middle wall, and there are summer chanting hall, storehouse, kitchen and other buildings in the wall. There are several gerakons and towers on the outer wall. Some of the original bricks and glazed tiles of the pagoda have been preserved to this day. These bricks and tiles have no words or symbols, but the animals and patterns on the tiles and dripping water have high artistic value.

Sit West and face east

The main hall faces east from the west, with an irregular cross shaped plane. There are only one layer left, and the other two layers were destroyed in the Holocaust of ten years. The main hall has stone walls, neat and beautiful. In front of the main hall, there is a wooden lion with half body and buckteeth grinning on the top of the left and right corners, which is exquisitely carved. On the outer wall of the temple, there are stone Buddhist patterns and figures. The first floor is mainly composed of porch, sutra hall, Buddha Hall and cloister.

The porch has two square pillars, covering an area of 34.2 square meters (17.1 meters long from north to South and 2 meters wide from east to West). There are four heavenly kings, deer and elephant in the mural. There is also a small door on both sides of the porch, which is very rare.

The gate of the Sutra hall is 3 meters wide. Two round bronze elephants are inlaid on the top of each gate. The hall is 5 in width and 6 in depth. It has 20 pillars, which are octagonal (14) and square (6), with a height of 3.9 meters. Among them, 6 are as high as 6.7 meters. The octagonal pillars are painted with horse head Vajra, Manjusri Bodhisattva, lotus and rolled grass patterns, while the square pillars are ornate with lotus, pearl, rolled grass patterns, dragon and lion patterns. Murals are painted in the Sutra Hall: in the west, there are Bodhisattva Vajra, lianhuasheng and Zaba · enxieba; in the south, there are guru, awaturi, yongdamima, Zhuomi · sakayisi, venerable chabajianzan, chappa, gonggajianzan; in the north, there are suonan Zunmu Panchen, Gunga Ningbo, zhuogon · chojepaba, Awang tuden, etc. The murals around the patio are mainly portraits of the famous figures of the Sakya school, such as gonchajeb (1034-1102), gongganingbu (1092-1158), sonanzimu (1142-1182), zabajianzan (1147-1216), gonggajianzan (1182-1251) and basiba (1235-1280). They are in groups of three with different poses. There are four heavenly kings, wuliangshou Buddha and Huanxi Buddha on both sides of the gate of the Sutra hall. On the left and right sides of the Sutra hall, there are also secret rooms: on the left side, the secret rooms are 3 wide and 5 deep; on the right side, the secret rooms have been destroyed.

Three arch wooden door

The main gate of the Buddha Hall is a three arched wooden gate, with a total width of 6 meters and a height of 5.8 meters. In the middle of the door is a woven wire mesh. On the lower side of the board are painted Bodhisattvas and the four heavenly kings, and on the top are three pairs of bronze lions. On the lintel there are Dougong to support the roof. Around the temple, there is an ambulatory with murals on its two walls. The main content is the story of Sakyamuni's birth, followed by the Thousand Buddhas. There are also the Buddha of limitless longevity, the donor, the Guanyin Bodhisattva, the four heavenly kings of beast head, the Dharma protector King Kong, the big huziyu, and the cowhide boat. Among them, the Dharma protector statues have the most distinctive features: red face, long white beard, bun, bare upper body, short skirt around the waist, and head around the waist With the left hand holding the fire ball and holding the long handle magic weapon, with the right hand holding the skull and holding the long handle magic weapon; with each foot stepping on one person, two people are leaning on the right and covering the left, and the long magic weapon on the right is also inserted into the chest of the person under the foot. Around the Dharma protector, there are also pictures of sheep's head, dog's head, pig's head, lion's head and hungry ghost.

In the temple, there is a statue of one Buddha and eight disciples and two heavenly kings. The Buddha statue of Sakyamuni is 3.4 meters high and the Buddha seat is 1.4 meters high. It has peach shaped flame pattern head light and waist type backlight. The widest part of the backlight is up to 3 meters and is coated with a layer of gold powder. On the top of touguang is pengluo leisure gate, which is composed of seven deified images, such as Dapeng, Faluo, Capricorn fish, Baolian, Baozhu, Baoping and Bodhisattva. The Mirs spread their wings and two fish tails in their mouths; the Capricorn fish coiled and stretched forward to the front of the Baolian crossbar, supported by a bottle shaped short column, riding a small Bodhisattva on the Capricorn fish. Around the head and backlight, there is a large oval flame pattern backlight. The Eight Buddhist followers are located on both sides in front of the master, with a height of 3.5 meters. The head is peach shaped and 1.35 meters high. It is surrounded by flame pattern, with three circles of red, blue and green inside, and a bead pattern (black and white) inside. The back light of the statue is flame pattern, 4.1 meters high. The flame pattern is sparse on the right and dense on the left.

The most precious thing in Zhatang temple is the frescoes in the Buddha Hall. According to the title, content and style, the murals can be divided into two phases: the first phase is located in the south, North and west walls of the temple, which is ancient. It was painted when the temple was built. The main themes are the statue of Sakyamuni (about 1 meter high) and various half body images of men and women (about 0.5-0.7 meters high). The layout is reasonable, the color is antique, and the figures are decorated with flowers and plants.

Mural at the north end of the south wall: Centered on the statue of Sakyamuni, there are various male and female busts on the left and right sides. The statue of Sakyamuni has a square face, big ears, high hair bun, a right-sided coat on the outside, a monk's branch on the inside, three streamers hanging under the left shoulder; the right hand is placed in front of the chest, the left hand is placed on the leg surface, the conclusion is debated, the feet are wearing black bottom flower tube boots, and the knot is sitting on the inverted lotus seat; the head is oval and backlit. There are 30 male and female busts on the left and right sides (15 on each side: male 5, baldness, top; female 10, high crown, bottom)

Chinese PinYin : Zha Tang Si