Prince Gong House

Prince Gong House

Prince Kung's Mansion, located in Liuyin street, Xicheng District, Beijing, is a national key cultural relic protection unit, a national first-class Museum, and a national AAAAA tourist attraction. It is the largest palace complex in the Qing Dynasty. It was once the residence of Heyu, a powerful minister during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, and Yongyu, Prince of Qingyu during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty The name comes from it.

Prince Gong's mansion covers an area of 60000 square meters. It is divided into two parts: a mansion and a garden. It has more than 30 buildings of various types. It has gone through the historical process of the Qing Dynasty from its heyday to its decline, and carries extremely rich historical and cultural information. Therefore, there is a saying that "a Prince Gong's mansion is half of the Qing Dynasty history".

After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, the property right of the mansion once belonged to Furen University. In the early 1980s, Prince Gong's mansion had become a courtyard separated by eight units and inhabited by hundreds of households, with more than 200 households. To restore Prince Gong's residence, the first task is to move. In 1988, Prince Gong's garden was opened to the public. In 2008, Prince Gong's garden was fully opened to the public after the completion of the renovation project. Under the care of Zhou Enlai, Gu Mu and Li Lanqing, the restoration of Prince Gong's mansion was completed in 28 years, making it the only Qing Dynasty palace open to the public at that time.

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Historical evolution

Ho ho Mansion

Prince Gong's residence was built in the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. It was the private residence of Heshi, a bachelor. In the early years of Tongzhi, Yixin, the third generation of the host here, was the king of politics and the leader of the military plane. He was very powerful and distinguished for a time. He built the mansion and renovated the part of the mansion. It was at that time that the architectural scale and pattern of Prince Gong's mansion was finally formed.

The first half of Prince Gong's mansion is a magnificent mansion, and the second half is a deep and beautiful classical garden, covering an area of nearly 60000 square meters. The mansion is dignified and solemn, simple and elegant, with bright corridors and ridges. It is second only to the imperial palace. The cuijin garden at the back of the mansion is surrounded by water and mountains, with towering ancient trees, winding corridors, pavilions and pavilions.

According to the existing literature, in this Fengshui treasure land on the West Bank of Qianhai in the capital, surrounded by "panlongshui", there was a large-scale temple in the yuan and Ming Dynasties, which was full of incense and full of visitors. Even the emperor came here to worship the Buddha. It was only in the middle of the 16th century that the temple was gradually abandoned and reduced to a supply factory of the Ming Dynasty. After the Qing Dynasty came to Beijing, a number of courtyards of different sizes were built here for ordinary banners such as the house of internal affairs.

Around the 40th year of Emperor Qianlong's reign, he Li, who was red and purple in front of the emperor, fell in love with this Fengshui treasure land, which is surrounded by water, connected to the west mountain, and not far from the "emperor's home". He bought many properties here at a high price and built a famous "he di".

Bestow on forever

In the 41st year of Qianlong (1776), Hetian began to build his luxurious house, which was called "heti" at that time. It is said that during the Hongzhi period of the Ming Dynasty, Li Guang, the great eunuch, was once placed here. On the third day of the first month of the fourth year of Jiaqing, the emperor Hongli returned to heaven. On the next day, Jiaqing stripped the Minister of military aircraft and the governor of Jiumen from his home. It was estimated that his total wealth was about 800 million taels of silver, which was equivalent to the fiscal revenue of the Qing government for 15 years. Therefore, there was a saying that "he Lu fell down and Jiaqing had enough to eat". On February 22, 1799, on the 18th of the first month of the same year, he was "ordered to commit suicide". The house itself is owned by his younger brother, Prince Qingyu, who "loves the mansion but not the country".

At the same time, Qianlong's daughter and Princess Xiao, who were married to the son of Hetao, still lived in half the house.

In the fourth year of Jiaqing, he Zhen died for his crime, so the emperor of Jiaqing gave the house to his younger brother Yongzhen, the king of Qingjun. Yongli is probably the most beloved of all the owners of this mansion. As early as when he Yao was in power, all the princes of Qianlong agreed that no matter who became emperor in the future, he should be "done". But the 17th Prince Yong Yao said, "no matter which elder brother becomes emperor in the future, I will be satisfied as long as he Yao's Mansion is awarded to me."

When it comes to Yongyao, many people are not familiar with him. But when it comes to his grandson, Yizhe, the prince of Qing who signed the "Treaty of sorrow and Disgrace" with Li Hongzhang and the Allied forces of the eight countries, I'm afraid everyone knows about him. Yi Zhe is also a famous corrupt official in modern Chinese history, but compared with the cowardly and incompetent Bailey in the late Qing Dynasty, he is still a man who dares to be responsible and can entrust heavy responsibilities. Therefore, since the Tongzhi Dynasty, Yi zhe has been favored by Empress Dowager Cixi. Before Xianfeng changed his residence to Prince Gong, he lived here as a general of the auxiliary country.

Prince Gong's residence

As for Prince Gong Yixin, he was one of the most important political figures in modern Chinese history. He participated in the second Opium War and almost all the major political activities after it (1853-1898). During the "Xinyou coup", he helped Cixi to the throne of "listening to politics through the curtain" It is no exaggeration to say that without Yi Xin, the whole modern Chinese history, and even the later Chinese history, would have been rewritten.

In 1851, the first year of Xianfeng, the important political figure in the late Qing Dynasty, Prince Gong Yi, became the third generation owner of the house and changed its name to Prince Gong's house. "A Prince Gong's mansion, half of the history of Qing Dynasty" is a historical geographer Hou Renzhi's evaluation of Prince Gong's mansion. In the early years of the Republic of China, the palace was sold to the church by Prince Gong's grandson Pu Wei for 400000 yuan. Later, it was redeemed by Furen university with 108 gold bars and used as a school for girls. After the founding of new China, Wangfu has been used by dormitories of the Ministry of public security, fan factories, conservatory of music and other units

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Prince Gong's mansion is the most complete preserved building complex in China, which is divided into two parts: the mansion and the garden, with the mansion in the front and the garden in the back. The opening of Prince Gong's residence was put on the agenda as early as 30 years ago. In 1975, Premier Zhou entrusted Gu Mu with three unfinished tasks in his hospital bed, one of which was the opening of Prince Gong's residence.

geographical position

Prince Gong's mansion is located in the southwest corner of Shichahai in Beijing. It is located in a quiet and long street with green willows. It is the most complete one among the existing ones. The predecessor of Prince Gong's mansion was the mansion of He Li, a powerful official in Qianlong Dynasty, and Yongli, the younger brother of emperor Jiaqing.

Prince Gong's residence, as the residence of the prince of the Qing Dynasty, has regular layout, excellent workmanship and staggered pavilions, which fully embodies the glorious style of the royal family and the elegant style of the folk. Prince Gong's mansion is composed of two parts: Mansion and garden. It is about 330 meters long from north to South and 180 meters wide from east to west. It covers an area of 61120 square meters, including 32260 square meters of mansion and 28860 square meters of garden.

"The crescent River encircles the house like a dragon, and the west mountain looks like a tiger", which is the description of Prince Gong's house in historical books. In terms of its location, it occupies an excellent position in the capital. The ancients paid great attention to Fengshui in building houses and gardens. It is said that there are two dragon veins in Beijing. One is the Earth Dragon, which is the dragon vein of the Forbidden City; the other is the water dragon, which refers to the line between Houhai and Beihai. Prince Gong's residence is just on the connecting line between Houhai and Beihai, which is the dragon vein. Therefore, Fengshui is very good. The ancients took water as their wealth, and "water can be seen everywhere" in Prince Gong's mansion. The water of the largest pavilion in the center of the lake was introduced from Yuquan lake, and it only entered but did not flow out. Therefore, it is more in line with the theory of geomantic omen to collect money. China's top ten marshals and Guo Moruo and others all lived near Prince Gong's residence and lived a long life. It is said that the place with the most longevity people in Beijing is near Prince Gong's residence. This place is really a geomantic treasure land

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Composition and structure

Prince Gong's mansion is divided into three roads, namely, the East and the West. It is composed of several quadrangles, followed by a two-story back covered building 160 meters long. Prince Gong's mansion experienced the historical process of Qing Dynasty from prosperity to decline, bearing extremely rich historical and cultural information.

Prince Gong's mansion is composed of two parts: the mansion and the garden. The mansion is not only spacious, but also the highest standard of architecture. The obvious signs are the front door and the number of houses. There are five front rooms, seven main rooms, five back rooms, seven back rooms, and a side room on the left and right. There must be no more royal mansions than these. The form of the house and the color of the tiles should not exceed the standard. There are three courtyards in the middle, East and West roads of Prince Gong's mansion, and the back two courtyards of each road are the main areas for people to visit.

The mansion building is divided into East, middle and West roads, each of which is composed of multiple courtyard buildings running through the strict central axis from south to north. The main buildings on the middle road are yin'an hall and Jiale hall. The roof of the hall is green glazed tiles, which shows the majesty of the middle road and the identity of the prince. The front courtyard of East Road is called duofuxuan. In front of the hall, there is a vine that has been growing for more than 200 years. It grows very well and is extremely rare in the capital. The main room in the backyard of East Road is called "ledotang", which was the living place of Prince Gong Yixin. West Road

Chinese PinYin : Gong Wang Fu