Hunan Martyrs Park

Hunan Martyrs Park

Changsha Martyrs Park is the largest comprehensive park in Changsha City, Hunan Province, which integrates Memorial, sightseeing and entertainment. Located in the northeast of Changsha City, Kaifu District covers an area of 118 hectares, of which water surface accounts for about 40%. Dongfeng Road in the west, Liuyang River in the East, Yingpan road in the South and simaochong in the north.

Hunan Martyrs Park was built in 1951 and opened to the public in 1953. It covers an area of 138.93 hectares, including 69.6 hectares of land and 69.33 hectares of water. With the theme of commemorating Hunan revolutionary martyrs and the characteristics of natural landscape, the park is a free and open comprehensive park integrating commemoration, play and leisure. It is a key protection unit of martyrs' buildings in China, It is also the first "national key Park" in Hunan Province.

The park consists of two parts: the memorial area and the tourist area. It is divided into six special parks: "martyrs memorial park", "people's leisure park", "water scenery park", "folk custom park", "children's amusement park" and "landscape leisure park".

Historical evolution

Hunan Martyrs Park was built in 1951

It is built to commemorate the revolutionary martyrs who have dedicated themselves to the cause of people's Liberation in the past 100 years. The park officially started construction in 1952, opened to the public in May 1953, sold tickets in May 1956, built three arch bridges in 1973, and built Yingfeng bridge in 1982. In 1983, the martyrs memorial tower and memorial Pavilion were announced as key cultural relics protection units in Hunan Province. In 1992, Hunan folk culture village was built, and the park was opened free of charge in May 2000. In August 2004, the landscape quality was improved. In July 2007, the dry lake was dredged and revetment was repaired, and the landscape quality was improved again. In August 2008, the basic work of quality improvement and transformation was basically completed.

geographical environment

Location context

Hunan Martyrs Park is located on the Bank of Liuyang River in Kaifu District of Changsha City, northeast of Changsha City. It is adjacent to Dongfeng Square in the west, Liuyang River and hujidu in the East, Chenjiashan Miaoshan in the South and simaochong in the north.

It is between 111 ° 53 '- 114 ° 15' e and 27 ° 14 '- 27 ° 34' n. It covers an area of 138.93 hectares, including 69.6 hectares of land and 69.33 hectares of water.

climate

Hunan Martyrs Park has a mild climate, abundant precipitation, hot rain in the same period, four distinct seasons, annual average temperature of 17.21, long summer and winter, short spring and autumn, large spring temperature variation, more rainfall in early summer, high temperature in autumn, less severe cold in winter, uneven spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation, obvious drought in summer and autumn, and subtropical monsoon humid climate. From late March to mid May, the cold and warm air mingled with each other, forming a continuous rainy and low temperature weather. Since the last ten days of May, the temperature has increased significantly. It is very hot and rainy in midsummer, and the average temperature in July is 29 ℃. The average number of days is 30 days, and the longest is 52 days. After late September, it is warmer in the daytime, cooler at night, less precipitation and more low cloud. From late November to mid March of the next year, the winter season is very short, and the days of daily minimum temperature less than 0 ℃ are generally 10-12 days. January is the coldest in the whole year.

natural resources

Hunan Martyrs Park is rich in plant resources. As of 2013, there are 860 mu of green space, with a green coverage rate of 98.5%. The air quality in the park has reached the national first-class standard, which is worthy of the name of urban natural oxygen bar.

There are 326 species of plants in the park, including more than 150000 trees, 1.75 million flowering shrubs, 28000 square meters of grassland, rich in trees, shrubs and other species, as well as lawn and wild flowers. The main arbors are Cinnamomum camphora, Longbai, Zhubai, Liquidambar formosana, Platanus acerifolia, Ligustrum lucidum, etc., and the main shrubs are small wax, red Spartan, Rhododendron, Ligustrum lucidum, camellia, etc. Therefore, Hunan martyr park is a natural "scientific research base" to study the growth, distribution and plant diseases and insect pests of garden plants in Changsha.

Composition of scenic spots

Hunan Martyrs Park consists of two parts: Memorial area and tourist area. It is divided into six special parks: "martyrs memorial park", "people's leisure park", "water scenery park", "folk custom park", "children's amusement park" and "landscape leisure park".

At the beginning of the construction of Hunan martyr park, trees were planted on hills, gardens were built on flat land, lakes were built on depressions, and islands were built in lakes. The ninth bend of the Liuyang River was intercepted by the artificial mud levee, and the "Yuejin Lake" was obtained, with beautiful environment; the "Nianjia Lake" was obtained by the artificial digging of the lake to build the island, with wide water surface.

There are four entrances and exits in Hunan Martyrs Park. The memorial area of the park is located in the west of the park and is arranged along the axis. In the middle of the park, there is a memorial tower for Hunan martyrs. Northeast of the tower is a memorial Pavilion of Song Dynasty style, with high terrain. The eastern part is the tourist area with Nianjia Lake as the core. In the northeast, Hunan folk villages are built near mountains and rivers. In the jungle, there are many scenic spots of Tujia, Miao, Dong, Yao, Bai and other ethnic minorities in Hunan Province.

Main attractions

Martyrs Monument

The tower, 58.7 meters high, was built in 1959. It is made of 2932 pieces of white jade and granite. On the tower is engraved with an inscription written by Comrade Mao Zedong. In the tower are displayed the portraits of more than 90 martyrs and a list of more than 100000 martyrs in Hunan. The whole building consists of two parts: a monument and a memorial hall. Dietang is supported by eight six meter long stone pillars. On the front of the memorial hall stands the foundation laying monument placed in December 1951. The upper part is a memorial tower with a height of 38.6 meters and an octagonal plane. The south facing front of the tower is inlaid with the heart of the Qiyang stone tablet, inscribed with Mao Zedong's inscription "Hunan Martyrs Park monument"; the lower part is a memorial hall with unequal sides and octagonal shape. It comes out of the Baoxia building. The four corners of the hall are niches, and the back sacrificial hall is erected with the inscription: "in the past 100 years, the memorial hall has been specially built Hunan people's heroes and martyrs who have made glorious sacrifices for the cause of Chinese people's Liberation in the past 30 years will never die. " The top of the hall is a bucket arch and a caisson. In the East and West are exhibition halls, which display the portraits and deeds of 90 martyrs, such as Guo Liang, Xia Minghan and Yang Kaihui, as well as the full roster of more than 76000 martyrs in the province. The tower and the hall have obvious scores to show their loftiness. All the pagodas and halls are faced with granite. The top of the tower is decorated with red brackets and octagonal green glaze, while the rest are flat. The female walls are decorated with green glaze. The East and west sides of the exhibition hall and the exterior wall behind the hall can be embossed. Behind the martyr tower, there is a memorial Pavilion imitating the Song Dynasty architecture. The two pavilions are towering, with long outlines, Biwa and Zhulan, carved beams and painted buildings. The martyr tower is surrounded by Nanyue black pine, Himalayan cedar, Nanjing Jinqian pine and Changsha Luohan pine. In 1983, the martyrs memorial tower was re announced as a key cultural relic protection unit in Hunan Province.

Hunan Folk Culture Village

Located in the northeast corner of Hunan Martyrs Park, the village gathers Hunan minority folk art, folk customs and residential buildings in one park. There are seven typical ethnic village communities of Tujia, Miao, Bai, Zhuang, Yao, Dong and Uygur. Tourists can enjoy the hand waving dance, Bawangbian, shangdaoti and other ethnic songs and dances and folk unique skills, learn the production of folk crafts, taste ethnic food, and appreciate the folk culture of Hunan ethnic minorities. Browsing area

Nianjia Lake

Nianjia lake is located in the east of the memorial tower of Martyrs Park. The original water area is 8 hectares. After two artificial expansion, the existing water area is 46.62 hectares (also known as artificial lake). Yingfeng bridge is newly built between the island bank, and facilities such as "Zhaohui building", "Xianxian hall" and "shipyard" are also built along the lake for visitors to rest and entertainment. Around the lake, we use the technique of growing vines to make melons, and combine with the island in the lake and the lakeside buildings. Beside the tour road, we plant all kinds of trees and flowers in pieces, in groups or scattered, and form a scenic spot with the buildings. There are many green trees in the park browsing area, and the group effect is emphasized in the configuration method. Since the establishment of the park, trees have been planted in the main browsing areas. The representative ones are plum and kumquat garden on the east side of Fuxiang art garden, Osmanthus fragrans forest on both sides of the south gate, Magnolia grandiflora forest on the opposite side of Chaohui building, Osmanthus fragrans and Camellia forest on the East side of shipyard, Metasequoia glyptostroboides forest on the east section of Red Army ferry, and citrus forest in Qianjin teahouse.

Huzhong island is located in the middle of Nianjia lake, also known as Xiaoyang island. It was built in 1963. It is composed of big island, isolated island, half lake island and new island, with a total area of nearly 2 hectares. It is the main scenic spot in the lake area. The island in the middle of the lake is far away from the martyrs memorial tower. The island is mainly planted with red leaf trees, which symbolizes the revolutionary martyrs' devotion to the people. In addition, the island is also planted with palm, weeping willow and other landscape trees and flowering shrubs, reflecting the scenery of spring, summer, autumn and winter.

In July 1930, Peng Dehuai led the third Red Army to attack Changsha, defeated more than 30000 enemy troops with 8000 men, and captured Changsha on July 27. Some soldiers of the third Red Army Corps crossed the Liuyang River from Huji to Changsha. After the Martyrs Park was built, hujidu was included in the park, and the place was renamed Hongjun Du. In 1987, a Shanting and a stone tablet were built, on which the word "Hongjun Du" was engraved to commemorate the park. There is an ancient ginkgo tree in the ferry. It is a witness of the transition of the Red Army.

Yingfeng bridge connects the lake island and the embankment. It was built in September 1982. It was designed by Changsha planning and Design Institute, Changsha Landscape Architecture Engineering team, Beishan construction team of Changsha County, and West Lake of Wangcheng County

Chinese PinYin : Hu Nan Lie Shi Gong Yuan