Yazhou ancient city

Here is a collection of Buddhist classics left by the famous monk Jianzhen of the Tang Dynasty, which are ready to be taken to Japan. This is a treasure with magical color in the history of Yazhou culture.

Yazhou City, which is now Yacheng town of Sanya City, is located more than 40 kilometers west of Sanya City. Yazhou has been established since the southern and Northern Dynasties. Since the Song Dynasty, Dezhou, Jun and Jun counties have been located here. Today's Yacheng, with its long history and many places of interest, has become a tourist attraction in Hainan. Yazhou ancient city still has ancient city gate, Confucius Temple and other sites. Yacheng Confucius Temple was built in Ming Dynasty. There are Dacheng hall, Wenming gate, Chongsheng temple and Zunjing Pavilion in the temple.

Yazhou ancient city

Yazhou ancient city, which is now Yacheng Town, Sanya City, Hainan Province, is located more than 40 kilometers to the west of Sanya City. Yazhou has been established since the southern and Northern Dynasties. Since the Song Dynasty, the state, county and county governments of all dynasties have been located here. Today's Yacheng, with its long history and various places of interest, has become a tourist attraction in Hainan. After the establishment of Hainan Province as a special zone, the gate of Yazhou city has been renovated, which is magnificent, and tourists from home and abroad are constantly flowing. In Yacheng, there are also famous scenic spots at home and abroad, such as big and small caves, which are shaped like giant Ao, pillow sea wall, beautiful peaks, overlapping trees, strange mountains and rocks, various shapes, green banyan trees, red beans like stars, spring like Li.

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History and culture

Sanya, known as "Yazhou" in ancient times, has a long history and splendid culture. As early as the first emperor of Qin Dynasty, three southern counties were set up. Yazhou was one of the "waixi" (border) of Xiang county. It was a Tucheng before the Song Dynasty. Brick walls were built in the fourth year of Qingyuan (1198) of the Southern Song Dynasty. After the expansion of the yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it became a large-scale solid city. There are some ancient buildings in the ancient city, such as the gate of civilization, the small section of the wall at the north gate, the Yacheng school palace, Yingwang tower, Shengde hall, etc. After the expansion of yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it became a large-scale solid city in Hainan Island.

Historical features

According to historical records, ancient Yazhou city was a Tucheng before the Song Dynasty. Brick walls were built in the fourth year of Qingyuan (1198) of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the city site was expanded in the sixth year of shaoding (1233), opening three gates in the East, West and south. After the expansion of yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the ancient city became a large-scale solid city in southern Xinjiang. During the reign of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty, the ancient city was basically shaped. The East, West, South and north gates of the ancient city were Yangchun gate, Zhenhai gate, Wenming gate and ningxiu gate. Outside the city, there is a moat and a suspension bridge. Inside the city, there are yudilou, qiaolou and Yuecheng.

Huang Daopo, a famous female weaver in the late Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty, lived in Shuinan village of Yacheng for nearly 40 years and spread textile technology to the local Li people. The exile of literati, sages, scholars, dignitaries and celebrities, and the residence of merchants in Guangdong, Zhejiang, Fujian and other developed areas had an important impact on the prosperity of Yazhou city. By the Ming Dynasty, Yazhou already had the grand occasion of "reciting music, people's wealth, official travel, little Suzhou and Hangzhou".

According to the records of Sanya City annals, in the 20th year of Qianlong, there were Dongguan City and Xiguan city in Yazhou. There were more than 30 cloth shops, hotels, jewelry shops and bookstores on the old streets. It can be imagined that in the past, the ancient city of Yazhou was full of merchants and people.

From the Tang Dynasty, many bureaucrats were framed by treacherous officials and exiled to Yazhou city. There are as many as 14 important officials above the Vice Prime Minister level, such as Wei Zhiyi and Tang yuan in the Tang Dynasty; Ding Wei, Zhao Ding, Lu duoxun and Hu Quan in the Song Dynasty; Wang Shixi in the Yuan Dynasty; Wang Ge and Zhao Qian in the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, Yacheng is also known as "the hermit's family". In particular, the famous Tang Monk Jianzhen encountered a strong typhoon when he crossed Japan for the fifth time in the seventh year of Tianbao (748) of the Tang Dynasty. His sailing boat drifted to Yazhou City, where he helped build Dayun temple, leaving behind a number of Buddhist classics to be taken to Japan. This is a magic treasure in the cultural history of Yazhou city. Huang Daopo, a female cotton textile innovator of the Yuan Dynasty, also lived in Shuinan village of Yacheng for nearly 40 years. By the Ming Dynasty, Yazhou had a grand occasion of "reciting music, people's wealth, official travel, little Suzhou and Hangzhou". The original ancient city has three gates, East, West and south. The east gate is called Yangchun gate, the west gate is called Zhenhai gate, and the south gate is called Wenming gate because it was before the Academy. The east gate and the west gate have not been preserved for a long time. The newly renovated south gate is the only authentic ancient city of Yazhou that survived several disasters. After restoration, the south gate is arched and ochre red. The crenels of the gate are all restored in imitation of the old ones. The three characters of "civilized gate" in the north of the gate are the Qing Dynasty stone inscriptions with clear handwriting. On the restored south gate, a two-story Pavilion style house, Wenming building, is added to make it more magnificent.

Today's ancient city

Before 1920, the ancient city of Yazhou remained its original appearance. From 1920 to 1921, Yaxian County demolished the East and west city gates and built roads into the city. In 1928, another section of the north gate wall was demolished. After liberation, the foundation of the ancient city wall can also be seen around. During the cultural revolution, most of the wall foundations were destroyed when the masses dug up the city bricks for construction. Now there are only a small section of the city wall at the gate of civilization and the north gate of the ancient city.

Scenery of scenic spot

After the establishment of Hainan Province as a special zone, the gate of Yazhou city has been renovated, which is magnificent, and tourists from home and abroad are constantly flowing. In Yacheng, there are also famous scenic spots at home and abroad, such as big and small caves, which are shaped like giant Ao, pillow sea wall, beautiful peaks, overlapping trees, strange mountains and rocks, various shapes, green banyan trees, red beans like stars, spring like Li. In the Ming Dynasty, there was a "Aoshan academy" built here. On the southwest coast of Aomen, there was a "big and small cave". During the reign of Chunxi in Nanning, Zhou Kang, the Zhijun of Jiyang, wrote some famous works such as "the cliff" and "the story of stone marks" when he visited here. In Chunyou years, the sheriff Mao Kui wrote the story of big and small caves. Entering the small cave and climbing on the "hook platform", you can see the water connecting the sky and the sky connecting the water. The water and the sky are the same color. The towering rock is facing the waves and is majestic in the sea. There is a square "hook platform" on it, which is written by Mao Kui. There is also an exquisite cliff stone carving, poems and inscriptions left by Comrade Guo Moruo during his visit in 1962. A "rope" formed by feldspar extends from the platform to the sea along the stone wall, which is magical and intriguing. Below the "hook platform" is a deep and winding cliff cave, with three eye-catching characters "small cave sky" carved on the top of the cave. In the East is the charming "sea mountain wonder", in addition to the towering "sword testing peak" and the "ladder" formed by layers of stacked stones. There are also the vivid "stone boat", the lifelike "immortal footprints stone" and the magical "shark grave stone", especially the mysterious "big cave" which is more mysterious.

In the northwest of Yacheng, there are two fascinating "Yujing hot springs" adjacent to each other. Originally, one pool was half warm and half cold, while the other pool was boiling hot, but the warm one became cool, the rolling one was hot, and it was appropriate to take a bath. During the Zhengde period of the Ming Dynasty, stone was built to protect it, but it was dumped for a long time. In the 15th year of the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, Zhizhou Tang Yiyuan rebuilt it and built the "Jiji Pavilion". Now the pavilion is still in the waste spring, and the jade well is like a mirror, which is suitable for bathing all the time.

Cultural status

Yacheng town is now the only famous historical and cultural town in Sanya. There are many existing historical and Cultural Heritages: one provincial cultural relics protection unit, the southernmost Confucius Temple in China, Yacheng Academy; 13 municipal cultural relics protection units, such as shengdetang, guangjiqiao, yingwangta, etc.; more than 50 academies, public halls, guildhalls, temples, former residences of celebrities and important ancient residences, such as Aoshan academy and Sanxing Yixue There are 7 Neolithic sites, such as Hetou site and kabaling site; 20 ancient city walls and historical and cultural sites, such as Zhongfang's hometown, xianggongting, Jianzhen monk's landing site and Huangdaopo's residence in Yacheng; historical arcade blocks, sedan chair man and memorial archway arcade blocks in the period of the Republic of China; red historical monuments, such as Yacheng revolution Historical monuments, etc.

These precious historical and cultural heritages of Yazhou ancient city contain the long history and splendid culture of Sanya. They are the symbol and vivid reflection of Sanya culture for more than 2000 years. They are not only non renewable human resources, but also extremely valuable tourism resources.

Traffic information

You can take No.2 or No.4 bus from the city to the civil aviation station, and then take the special bus from the civil aviation station to gangmen, Yacheng or Basuo to Yacheng town (about 5 yuan), and then walk 300 meters west to Yazhou ancient city and Yazhou Confucius Temple.

Main attractions

Guan Yu Temple

Haikou Xiuying "Yazhou ancient city" scenic spot is actually the largest Guandi temple in Hainan. It has nothing to do with any Yazhou ancient city in history. It is a modern antique building.

When it was renovated in 1993, a Hebei investor spent a lot of money to expand the scale of Guandi temple to its present situation. In addition to the main hall, he also built an underground palace, which imitated the mythical figures such as the king of hell and the ghost judge, creating a lot of terror atmosphere for visitors. However, due to the decrease of tourists and poor management, the tourism department began to stop its qualification of scenic spots in 1997. The ancient city of Yazhou in Haikou is more desolate without economic resources. A fire in February 2005 consumed the last energy of the ancient city. The people who stay here can only live by the people who always burn incense and pray for peace during the Spring Festival. In order to maintain its own survival, the ancient city of Yazhou in Haikou is under the control of the government

Chinese PinYin : Ya Zhou Gu Cheng