Zijin Mountain

Zijin Mountain

Zijin Mountain is located in Xuanwu District of Nanjing City, also known as Zhongshan, Jiangshan and shenlie mountain. It is one of the four famous mountains in the south of the Yangtze River. It has the reputation of "Jinling Yuxiu". It is a gathering place of scenic spots and historic sites in Nanjing, the site of the world cultural heritage - Ming Xiaoling, and the first batch of national 5A scenic spots - Zhongshan scenic spot is located at the south foot of Zijin Mountain.

The main peak of Zijin Mountain is 448.9 meters above sea level, about 30 kilometers around. The three peaks are connected like a giant dragon. The mountain, water and city are integrated into one. In ancient times, it was known as "dragon in Zhongshan Mountain, tiger in stone city". It was very famous as early as the Three Kingdoms and the Han Dynasty. Zijin Mountain is "the first mountain of humanity in the city of China" with a series of "Six Dynasties culture, Ming Dynasty culture, Republic of China culture, landscape city forest culture, ecological leisure culture and Buddhist culture".

There are many places of interest in Zijin Mountain, including Zixia cave, yirenquan, toutuoling, yongmulu and Zijin Mountain Observatory in the south, Zhongshan Mausoleum, music station, Meiling palace, Liuhui Pavilion, Yongfeng society, Xingjian Pavilion, sutra collection building and Dai Li tomb in the middle of the front, yanque lake, Zhongshan Botanical garden, Xiama square, Meihua Mountain, Ming Xiaoling, Ming Dongling, Liao Zhongkai, He Xiangning tomb, Yan Zhenqing stele forest and Zijin Mountain in the West In xiahu, there are Linggu Temple, Deng Yanda tomb, Tan Yankai tomb and the former site of the central stadium in the East, and Xu Da tomb, Chang Yuchun tomb and Li Wenzhong tomb in the north.

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Location context

Zijin Mountain is located outside Zhongshan Gate, Xuanwu District, Nanjing city. Rising from the ground, it looks like a winding dragon, which is called "Zhongfu Longpan". Zijinshan mountain ranges from Taipingmen to the west, covering an area of 31 square kilometers, with three peaks. The north peak of the main peak is located in the middle and by the north, with an altitude of 448.9 meters, which is the highest peak of Ningzhen mountains. The second peak is Xiaomao mountain, and the third peak is Tianbao mountain. Zijin Mountain is slightly curved, with the arc mouth facing south, winding like a dragon. The peak in the north of the ridge is the turning point, and the western part of the ridge goes to the southwest and enters the city near Taipingmen. The remaining veins extend to the West intermittently to Fugui mountain and Jiuhua Mountain, ending at the Arctic Pavilion. The eastern part of the river runs southeast and ends at the horses.

geographical environment

Stratigraphic remains

Zijin Mountain belongs to Ningzhen mountain range. Ningzhen mountain range was formed by orogeny of Ningzhen mountain range in the east of Youlu, Yangzi from the end of Jurassic to the beginning of Cretaceous. It was formed by faulting and continuous physical, chemical and biological actions in the late Mesozoic. Zijin Mountain is an important part of the western part of the mountain range. In addition to the main vein of Zhongshan, it also includes a series of hills. Its stratigraphic structure can be roughly divided into the following four types: first, Jurassic Xiangshan layer, also known as Zhongshan layer, distributed in the south slope of Zhongshan; second, Triassic Huangma shale layer, distributed in the north slope of Zhongshan; third, quaternary Xiashu loess, distributed in small hills and covering the extension surface of the foot of the lower part of the North-South slope; fourth, Xuanwu Lake belongs to the structural basin, and the geological structure belongs to the west of Ningzhen mountain At the end of the part.

Geomorphological features

Most of the soil in Zijin Mountain belongs to yellow brown soil and yellow hectic soil. Because of the difference of land type, parent material and vegetation, the soil properties are also different. The yellow brown soil has uniform tone, no obvious layer, acid or weak acid reaction and unsaturated base, which is between the northern soil and the Southern soil. The soil layer of Huanghe soil is more obvious, which hinders the development of forest root system, presents acid reaction, the base is nearly saturated, and generally develops in neutral parent material.

The southern slope of Zijinshan scenic spot is mainly composed of Jurassic gravelly quartz sandstone with strong weathering resistance; the northern slope is mainly composed of Triassic HUANGMAQING group calcareous sandstone with weak weathering resistance, thus forming the general trend of gentle southern slope and steep northern slope. The geomorphic genetic type is inclined mountain, and then formed monoclinic mountain through erosion.

hydrographic features

In Zijin Mountain area, the terrain is fluctuating and the water system is relatively developed, and the landscape is the characteristic part of the scenic area. There are 64 hectares of lakes, streams, pools, wells and other water bodies in the scenic area, including 15 Lakes (including artificial reservoirs) in Zhongshan, including yanque Lake (Qianhu), Baima Lake, Zhuhai lake, liuhuixie lake, Pipa Lake, Zixia lake, Meihua lake, Xiaohongshan reservoir, liushangqu water system, SHANGXIA Huangma reservoir, junminyouyi reservoir, Wangjiawan reservoir, qianjinshan reservoir, Wukesong reservoir, etc; Qingxi, Jinshuihe, piligou, Donggou, Erdaogou, "liushangqushui", xiwazigou, yangliugou, jiashanggou, xiaoshuizhagou, jiangwangmiao Dagou, linxiaodagou, etc.

Climatic characteristics

Zijin Mountain is located in the middle latitude area, which belongs to subtropical monsoon climate. Although it is located in the east of Eurasia, more than 300 kilometers away from the ocean, the region is rich in precipitation, with four distinct seasons. Generally speaking, the climate is mild. However, due to carrying the continent, there is no barrier of high mountains in the middle, the cold wave directly drives down, and the annual temperature difference is relatively large, reaching 26 degrees. The southeast easterly wind prevails in summer and northeast easterly wind prevails in winter. Because of the special land type and large area of forest vegetation in Zhongshan scenic spot, it has the characteristics of local microclimate under a wide range of climatic conditions. And because it is located in the special geographical location of the transition zone between tropical and subtropical monsoon climate, it has both climatic characteristics, but tends to continental climate, forming a unique "light and heat rich, rainfall abundant, temperature and cool degree" It is suitable for cold and summer. It is characterized by short summer and Changchun, distinct seasons, repeated waterlogging and drought in autumn, uneven rainfall, late spring and early autumn, frost and snow in winter, hot rain in the same season, dry winter and wet spring. The annual average sunshine is 1628.8 hours, the average temperature is 19.6 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 38.8 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is - 3.7 ℃; the annual average precipitation is 1530.1 mm, the annual maximum precipitation is 2371.4 mm, the minimum precipitation is 1091 mm; the frost free period is 322 days. Abundant light and heat, abundant rainfall and mild climate provide good conditions for the development of agricultural economy.

Resource overview

plant resources

As a National Forest Park, Zijin Mountain has a forest area of more than 30000 mu, accounting for 15.6% of the urban forest area of Nanjing. Zijinshan National Forest Park is one of the most important scenic resources in Nanjing. There are 1138 species of seed plants in Zijinshan National Forest Park, including 499 species of woody plants, 569 species of herbaceous plants and 70 species of lianas; 701 species of local wild plants belonging to 113 families, 387 genera, 393 species of cultivated plants and 44 species of alien invasive plants belonging to 19 families, 36 genera. Among the cultivated plants, there are 33 species belonging to 31 genera and 26 families. There are 3 species of gymnosperms in 3 genera of 2 families, 534 species of dicotyledons in 295 genera of 93 families and 164 species of monocotyledons in 89 genera of 18 families. According to the statistics of life forms of local wild plants, there are 441 species of herbaceous plants, 210 species of woody plants and 50 species of lianas, accounting for 62.9%, 30.0% and 7.1% of the total plant species in the region.

Animal resources

There are 1200 species of insects in Zijin Mountain, including Papilio sinensis, Papilio glacialis, Papilio jinfengdiekun, Trichogramma, black egg wasp, etc., of which more than 200 species are new records in Jiangsu Province; there are more than 140 species of birds, mainly including magpie, oriole, woodpecker, Pulsatilla, pheasant, tit, cuckoo, kingfisher, Rhododendron, lark, turtledove, thrush, yellow eyebrow, swallow and willow Warbler, wild duck, mandarin duck, bitter water chicken, etc.; wild mammals include Swertia, weasel, badger, hare, hedgehog, civet, grass fox, pangolin, moxa weasel, etc.; reptiles include snake, lizard, etc.; amphibians include frog, toad, etc.

Main attractions

Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum Scenic Area

Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum

Xiaoling of the Ming Dynasty is the joint Tomb of the founding emperor Zhu Yuanzhang and empress Ma Shi. The Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum is located at the south foot of the Zijin Mountain in Nanjing, under the Mount Qomolangma of Dulong Fuwan, adjacent to Zhongshan Mausoleum in the East and Meihua Mountain in the south. It is the largest imperial mausoleum in Nanjing and one of the largest Imperial Mausoleums in ancient China. In 2003, the 27th session of UNESCO World Heritage Committee decided on July 3, 2003 to be selected as a world cultural heritage site.

Xiama square

Xiama archway was built in 1393, the 26th year of Hongwu reign. It is a landmark building at the entrance of Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty. It is a two column stone archway with a height of 9 meters and a width of 6 meters. Six characters "Zhusi officials dismount" are engraved on the forehead. It is a fine stone architecture in the early Ming Dynasty. In 2007, the Nanjing Municipal People's government built the Xiamafang Heritage Park, where all the cultural relics related to Xiamafang gathered. The restoration of the Shinto from Xiamafang to dajinmen, which had been interrupted for many years, ensured the integrity and authenticity of the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty.

Plum blossom mountain

Meihua Mountain is located at the south foot of Zijin Mountain outside Zhongshan Gate in Nanjing. Plum planting in Nanjing began in the Six Dynasties and has a history of more than 1500 years. Meihuashan plum garden was founded in 1929, with an area of 1533 Mu and 13000 plum trees of nearly 400 varieties. It is known as "the first plum mountain in the world" and "the first plum mountain in China"

Chinese PinYin : Zi Jin Shan