BaoFan Temple

BaoFan Temple

BaoFan temple, located in BaoFan village, BaoFan Town, Pengxi County, Sichuan Province, was built in the Northern Song Dynasty, known as Luohan temple. Zhao shu, Emperor Yingzong of Song Dynasty, gave the name, which means "sage in Buddha, treasure in Brahma". Mingjing was rebuilt in the first year of the Taiyuan Dynasty. With a construction area of 1852 square meters, Daxiong hall is magnificent and magnificent. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, ancient architecture scholars praised it for its "fine design, rigorous structure, beautiful form and solid foundation", and praised it as a masterpiece of architecture in the middle of Ming Dynasty.

In BaoFan temple and Daxiong hall, there are 87 pieces of 181.5 square meters of murals, which are well-known both at home and abroad. The religious circles respect this painting as a Zen show. The painting circles praise Wu Daozi's brushwork. The cultural and Museum circles praise it as a representative mural work of Ming Dynasty in Central Sichuan, and the masses respect it as an immortal painting. More than ten dictionaries, such as history of Chinese painting, CI and Qu of Chinese scenic spots, dictionary of Chinese architectural technology, Yiyuan Duoying, and world art collection (edited by Japan), all have written records of this mural. In the second year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty, it was painted with plastic powder, and then became a famous mural of BaoFan temple at home and abroad. There are five levels. At present, there are ten painted murals of the Ming Dynasty Buddhist story "Western Mirror" in Daxiong hall. They are the representative works of the Ming Dynasty Murals. The murals are powerful and colorful, which are quite similar to the style of Wu Daozi, a famous painter of the Tang Dynasty. They have high artistic attainments. It is famous at home and abroad for its high artistic value.

Historical evolution

BaoFan temple, an ancient temple built for Pengxi, is located in BaoFan Town, 15 kilometers west of Pengxi county. Temple was built in the Northern Song Dynasty, known as the Luohan court. Zhifeng Yuanzhong (1064 A.D.) was granted "BaoFan Temple" by Zhao Shu of song Yingzong, which means the saint of Buddhism and the treasure of Buddhism. Mingjing was rebuilt in the first year of the Taiyuan Dynasty. In the second year of Xianhua in the Ming Dynasty, the murals of BaoFan temple were painted with plastic powder and became famous at home and abroad.

Current situation

BaoFan temple, with the exception of the Sutra tower, Vajra hall and Buddha statue, is still in good condition, with an area of nearly 3000 square meters and a designated protection area of 14000 square meters. The three character gilded plaque "BaoFan Temple" at the gate of the mountain was written by the contemporary calligrapher Mr. Sha Menghai, and the plaque "the wizard of painting" was inscribed by the contemporary calligrapher and painter Tan Jiancheng. The remaining ten plaques and couplets in the temple are mostly the handwriting of the "hometown of calligraphy".

architectural style

BaoFan temple is a compound courtyard with three entrances. Among the existing buildings, except that the veranda on both sides were rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty, the Tianwang hall, Daxiong hall and Guanyin hall on the central axis are typical buildings of the Ming Dynasty, especially the Daxiong hall rebuilt in the first year of Jingtai (1450) of the Ming Dynasty. It is a wooden structure with single eaves, three rooms and four rafters. The hall is square, 15.3 meters long and 8.5 meters wide. Under the eaves, there are 18 bucket arches, all of which are made of 7 pavilions, with single copy and double lower arch, out of which the arch is in the shape of grate teeth, the horn is raised, and the tail is raised straight to the flat rafters. The roof is decorated with green tiles, the Dragon Ridge is carved with bricks, and the statues of jian'ao, Zhuque, Xuanwu, Qinglong, Baihu, etc. The four corners are all iron horses of Feiyu system. The building of this hall has always been praised by experts and scholars of ancient architecture all over the world. After visiting here, experts from the State Administration of cultural relics think that "the main hall of BaoFan Temple belongs to an" alternative "Ming Dynasty building, which is rare and precious in China.".

The famous mural of BaoFan temple at home and abroad is painted in Daxiong hall. According to historical records, in the second year of Chenghua (1466), monks Qingcheng and Jingyuan invited painters to paint in 12 shops on the mud wall of Daxiong hall. There are 24 Buddha statues painted on the arched eyes, which are called "Western Mirror", with a total area of 104 square meters.

Buddhist culture

BaoFan temple is based on the Buddhist scriptures such as the great arhat namitra Sutra, which is translated by Xuanzang of Tang Dynasty. It describes the story of Arhats and all the immortals and Buddhas going to the Buddhist meeting together. Therefore, the Western realm is also called arhat picture. There are only 10 shops left in the murals, but two are vacant. One is the beginning of the scroll, which is damaged by later generations. The other is the end of the scroll, which is said to be abandoned by the "immortal".

More than 530 years ago, BaoFan frescoes all adopt the techniques of fine brushwork, heavy color, gilding and powder extrusion. Although it is a Buddhist theme, it is based on the reality of the world. The 103 painted Dharma statues either listen to the Scriptures, or lead a thread, or whisper Each has its own modality and is vivid. Heaven and earth are integrated into one, with strong breath of life and extraordinary artistic charm. Professor Duan Wenjie, the famous Dunhuang expert and former dean of the Dunhuang Research Institute, called it "rare treasures of the motherland painting art". Tan Xuekai, the famous calligraphers and calligrapher and the dean of the Chongqing painting academy, praised it as the essence of Sichuan frescoes.

BaoFan mural

Among the existing 10 mural paintings, the most exquisite one is the painting of the story of dizang (also known as the painting of Luohan mending). The picture is 3.60 meters high and 3.18 meters wide. It was included in the complete works of Chinese art. There are 11 statues in this shop. In the picture, the Bodhisattva is holding the relic beads in his hand. He is preaching the Scriptures. His emotion and appearance are beyond the image. The two Arhats on the left and right seem to be laughing to themselves, thinking that tomorrow is the birthday of the Tathagata, and all the immortals and Buddhas will gather in the dabaoleiyin temple to listen to the Buddha's Dharma sound. Did dizang forget this? But Fu Hu Luo Han appears to be bored, teases in the side to play to wait on the tiger.

The next arhat, however, had the needle in his right hand and the thread in his left hand. It seemed that he had just finished a patch. He was looking at the needle and biting the thread. From the vivid mood and delicate needlework, we can see the perfection of his painting art! In addition, JIUPU, such as "Yi Lai Fa Hui", "Lei Yin Gong", "Da Mo Gong", "zhunti Jie Yin", "Nan Tian Xian Zi", "long Mei Wen Nan", "Luo Han Ling Jing" (I, II), "Gong De Quan Yuan" (Gong De Quan Yuan), etc., are also ingenious, with mixed feelings and scenes.

In addition to the wall paintings of Daxiong hall, BaoFan temple also has the Ming Dynasty mural "tribute to the heavens" which was moved from Dingjing temple nearby. It has four shops, 25 square meters, and is displayed in Guanyin hall. This painting was painted in 1451, which is 15 years later than the mural of Daxiong hall. Although it is slightly inferior to the mural of Daxiong hall, it is also a precious cultural relic.

Temple layout

The existing BaoFan temple covers an area of more than 1000 square meters, facing south from the north, with green brick walls and tile roofs. The gate is three rooms wide, and the eaves are carved with blue bricks, imitating the shape of wooden hanging flowers. The bricks are carved with grapes, fresh fruits, flowers and animals, which are exquisite and lifelike. Local characteristics are highlighted everywhere, reflecting the superb skills and high artistic taste of ancient craftsmen. In the gate of the mountain, two clay sculpture generals of hem ha, holding swords, are majestic, standing on both sides. On the left and right are the ticket gate and the second floor of the bell and drum. Maitreya hall is like a sedan chair in the courtyard, with a statue of Maitreya sitting and laughing at the world. After that, the main hall of the temple was built. The front porch is decorated with stone pillars and stone couplets, and a gold plaque in regular script is hung on it. Inside, there is a divine platform, on which there are three Buddha statues, with golden face and body. The murals on both sides of the hall depict the mythological stories of Sakyamuni's birth and becoming a Buddha, with a total of 40 cases. It describes that Sakyamuni came down from the sky and was born in a royal family. After experiencing the hardships of life, old age, illness and death, he abandoned the royal family and ran away from home. After many years of hardships, he visited famous teachers and worked hard, and finally became a Buddha under the bodhi tree of Buddha. The murals are colorful and lifelike, representing the artistic talent and brilliant artistic conception of ancient artists. It enlightens people with fairy tales, shows the truth, goodness and beauty of the world, and reflects the civilization and spirit of Buddhist culture.

There are side halls on the left and right of the main hall. There are seven East and seven West halls, which are symmetrical to each other. The East Hall is medicine king temple, Guanyin temple and Chenghuang Temple. The west side hall is Chunyang temple, dizang temple and Tudi temple. The layout of the whole temple is symmetrical and well arranged. The main hall is painted in Soviet style, which makes the temple more elegant, quiet and harmonious. Inside and outside the temple, there are blue brick sculptures, vivid and everywhere. The pines and cypresses in the courtyard are towering and full of life. It is a new scenic spot for sightseeing and Buddhist culture.

Cultural works

Nearly 100 of the ancient murals in Pengxi, Sichuan, are now damaged, but the essence remains. Among them, the paintings of the Bevan, the most famous people, are known as "the masterpieces of the Ming Dynasty frescoes".

BaoFan temple is located in BaoFan village, BaoFan Town, Pengxi county. Take the Chengnan Expressway to the entrance of Pengxi, take a zigzag road of cement town for another five kilometers, pass the ancient town huilongchang, and pass the hometown of Cheng Mengzong, the "twenty four filial piety", This is the BaoFan temple, where the "immortal painting" is located. It is "the most beautiful scenery" and "the shape is like a lotus". According to the Ming Dynasty stele "BaoFan Temple repair notes", the reason why the temple is built here is that it is "secluded" and "can be hidden and repaired". BaoFan temple, formerly known as "Luohan Temple", was built in 1064, the first year of Zhiping in the Northern Song Dynasty, belonging to the "Zen" and "pure land" schools of Buddhism. The temple is now named Zhao shuchifeng, Emperor Yingzong of Song Dynasty, which means "the saint of Buddha, the treasure of Brahma", and was destroyed by the disaster of war. It was not until the reign of emperor Dingsi of the Ming Dynasty to the reign of bingxu of Chenghua (1466) that the monks Haizhou and Qingcheng accepted the achievements and led their disciples to build temples and revive Buddhism on the basis of the original Luohan temple.

"Immortal painting" was originally in "good structure"

BaoFan temple is a compound courtyard with three entrances. Among the existing buildings, except that the veranda on both sides were rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty, the Tianwang hall, Daxiong hall and Guanyin hall on the central axis are typical buildings of the Ming Dynasty, especially the Daxiong hall rebuilt in the first year of Jingtai (1450) of the Ming Dynasty. It is exquisite, clear and solemn, which can be called "excellent architecture of the Ming Dynasty". This hall is a wooden structure with single eaves and three rafters. Hall into a square, length, width are 1

Chinese PinYin : Bao Fan Si