Friendship peak

The main peak of Altay Mountains, also known as Kuitun peak, is 4374 meters above sea level. There are 374 modern glaciers on the top of the mountain. The largest glacier is Kanas glacier, with an area of 30.13 square kilometers, a length of 10.8 kilometers, an average thickness of 130 meters, and ice reserves of about 3.9 billion cubic meters. It is located on the south slope of Youyi peak, with an altitude of 3250 meters above sea level and 2416 meters above sea level at the end of the glacier tongue. It is the largest glacier in Altay Mountain and the lowest valley glacier in China.

Youyi peak is the birthplace of Buerjin River, a tributary of Ertis river. Starting from the North Bank of Kanas Lake and trudging in the primitive dense forest for 4-5 days, we can reach the foot of Youyi peak, so it is very rare for people to visit. You can see it in Kanas Scenic Area.

Friendship peak

Friendship peak is a peak in China.

It is close to the boundary of Bayan olgii province of Mongolia, with an altitude of 4374 meters. It belongs to a nature reserve and shall not go there without approval. The youyifeng glacier on its southwest slope is the largest glacier in the Altay Mountains and the valley glacier with the lowest elevation in China.

Basic introduction

Friendship peak is located in China

Buerjin County, Altay Prefecture, Northern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, is the main peak of Altay Mountains, close to the junction of China, Mongolia, Russia and Kazakhstan. It is located in China, close to the border with Mongolia, 3 kilometers south of Kuitun mountain, the border peak between the two countries. The altitude is 4374 meters. There are 374 modern glaciers on the top of the mountain. The largest glacier is Kanas glacier, with an area of 30.13 square kilometers, a length of 10.8 kilometers, an average thickness of 130 meters, and ice reserves of about 3.9 billion cubic meters. It is located on the south slope of Youyi peak, with an altitude of 3250 meters above sea level and 2416 meters above sea level at the end of the glacier tongue.

It is the birthplace of Burqin River, a tributary of Ertis river. Starting from the North Bank of Kanas Lake and trudging in the primitive dense forest for 4-5 days, we can reach the foot of Youyi peak, so it is very rare for people to visit.

Historical evolution

It was originally Chinese territory. Through the Treaty of Beijing between China and Russia and the Treaty on the demarcation of the northwest between China and Russia (October 7, 1864), Czarist Russia occupied more than 440000 square kilometers of the three great lakes in the west of China -- Lake Balkhash, Lake jaisanpo and lake isek, together with the surrounding areas.

In history, Altay Mountains were the mountains in China, and friendship peak was the peak in China, under the jurisdiction of general uriyasutai. In 1864, Russia cut off the western part of Altay, but the eastern part (including Youyi peak) was still the inner mountain of China. Until the independence of Outer Mongolia in 1921, China only had the territory of the south slope of the middle part of Altai Mountain (almost became the land of Mongolia), and the friendship peak was still the inner mountain of China. Kuitun mountain is the boundary point of China, Mongolia and the Soviet Union (Russia).

Natural landforms

The main peak of the Altay Mountains, 4374 meters above sea level, stands in China, close to the border between China and Mongolia. From the confluence of mountains to the northwest, the mountain is called ludner Altai mountain after entering Russia and Kazakhstan; from the confluence of mountains to the southeast, the mountain is called Mongolian Altai mountain after extending into Mongolia; to the east of 99 ° e, the mountain is called Gebi Altai mountain.

Altai Mountain in China includes Kuitun mountain, Youyi peak and the southern slope of Altai Mountain in Mongolia between 92 ° E. Youyifeng area is mainly composed of Ordovician gray and light gray green facies change clastic rocks and intrusive granite. After the tectonic changes and erosion in various geological periods, leveling stage, and finally through the Himalayan movement uplift, it became the present mountain appearance.

There are several peaks above 4000 meters in Shanhui area. The mountains are high and towering, intercepting the water vapor in the westerly circle and part of the water vapor in the Arctic Ocean. The annual precipitation is 800-900 mm. In the area above 3000 meters above sea level, the average annual temperature is mostly negative, and the modern glacier area is 47 square kilometers, accounting for 15% of the glacier area of the Altay Mountains, forming the center of modern glaciation in the Altay Mountains. Halas glacier, the largest valley glacier in the Altay Mountains, is located here. It is 10.8 km long and covers an area of 30.13 square kilometers. Its terminal elevation is 2416 meters and its snow line is 3000-3100 meters. It is the lowest glacier in China. The snowmelt water in this area is one of the main water sources of Buerjin River, the largest tributary of the Ertis river. It was the last mountain in China to reach the summit, and it was only in 2000 that it was successfully reached.

Peak glacier

The main peak of Altay Mountains. The altitude is 4374 meters. There are modern glaciers on the top of the mountain. The largest glacier is Kanas glacier, with an area of 30.13 square kilometers, a length of 10.8 kilometers, an average thickness of about 130 meters, and ice reserves of about 3.9 billion cubic meters. It is located on the south slope of Youyi peak, with an altitude of 3250 meters above sea level and 2416 meters above sea level at the end of the glacier tongue. It is the birthplace of Burqin River, a tributary of Ertis river. Youyifeng glacier is located on the southwest slope of Kuitun peak and youyifeng peak in Altay Mountain. It is the largest glacier in Altay Mountain. It is composed of two glaciers, with a total length of nearly 10.8 km and an area of 30.13 km2. The highest point of the glacier is 4374 m, and the end of the ice platform is 2416 M. it faces southwest in a straight line. The maximum thickness of the glacier is more than 130 m, and the minimum is 9 M.

Youyifeng glacier is the lowest mountain glacier in China. The various landforms etched by the powerful huge glacier and ancient glacier can be called the wonders of the world. The glacier in Kanas river basin is the center of the glacier in Altay Mountain. The total area of ice and snow cover in this area is more than 400 square kilometers. Its area and reserves account for 71.46% and 70.08% of the glaciers in Altay Mountain in China respectively. Due to the north latitude of the glacier, it is the best base for scientific investigation, research and tourism exploration. On the access road to the glacier are the Kanas primeval forest zone, alpine lakes, swamps and subalpine meadows with strange and beautiful scenery. The unpredictable and magical landscapes of nature make tourists forget to return.

Climbing record

In July 1988, the surveying and mapping unit of the surveying and mapping brigade of the Xinjiang Military Region of the Chinese people's Liberation Army successfully reached the summit of friendship peak

Before the Sino Soviet border negotiation, we completed the detailed topographic map near the border of China, the Soviet Union and Mongolia, and verified that the elevation of the peak of friendship peak is 4374 meters (in the 1960s and 1970s, the elevation of friendship peak is 4374 meters, which has not been changed. As a contrast, the altitude data of the Kunlun Mountains at the junction of Xinjiang and Tibet were greatly modified in the 1970s and 1980s.

In 1999, friendship peak was still the real "virgin peak".

In June 1999, the climbing team organized by Yinggang, the former manager of Sailong company, planned to climb the friendship peak. However, the Japanese Himalaya climbing team bought the right to climb the friendship peak for the first time with a lot of money. Therefore, Yinggang and his party only scouted near the friendship peak for a few days and did not dare to climb.

In July, the Japanese mountaineering team failed to climb friendship peak and planned to climb again in 2001.

On June 23, 2000, Yinggang's Sailong mountaineering team cancelled their trip two days before their departure due to the postponement of approval from Xinjiang mountaineering management center.

On July 1, the author handed over the hiking team of "cross-strait joint efforts to explore a thousand lakes for the first time" organized on the Internet to Ying Gang, the author's first teacher of mountaineering exploration. On the 7th, Ying gang and others stayed in Kanas after successfully completing their mission, and then climbed friendship peak secretly. On the way, Ying Gang sprained his ankle and failed to climb the mountain. On August 8, Ying gang and others once again climbed the friendship peak in secret. On the 12th, he rode over guogexigai Osaka to reach the head of Baihu lake. 13-14, take a boat to transport equipment from the head of white lake to the base camp. 15, rest. On the 16th, they began to climb friendship peak. Camp No. 1 was 3115 meters above sea level. On the 17th, a surprise camp was set up at an altitude of 3850 meters. From 18th to 24th, the assault camp was attacked by Blizzard for seven consecutive days. Due to the threat of starvation, cold, pain and death, they were forced to retreat to the base camp in batches under the blizzard from 23rd to 24th. On the 25th, when the weather suddenly improved, they rushed to 3650 meters above sea level and built a surprise camp to rest that night. Yinggang, dilixiati and Ren Yuqing reached the summit at 3:20 p.m. after the official rush to the top at 9:10 a.m. Beijing time, avalanche, severe cold and falling into the crevice of ice, and left a sign on the summit with three characters. (in 1998, Ying Gang et al. Achieved the first Chinese climb to Bogda peak.)

Yinggang phenomenon

Due to this mountaineering, there is no record, so the association does not recognize it.

Yinggang marched into the friendship peak three times, risking his life and spending all his savings, which shattered Japan's dream of climbing the friendship peak for the first time. However, after the event was completed, two groups of people couldn't understand him for a moment. The first group was the leader of dengxie, and the second group was his mountain friends. The mountain friends said, "the friendship peak belongs to all of us. We all want to board it all the time. Why don't we be informed?" However, after the event, Ying Gang gave up his newly established "Sailong mountaineering and climbing club" and his own "Urumqi mountaineering and Exploration Association". He is about to leave the motherland and go to the CIS for development all the year round.

Yinggang, a three-year-old figure in the Chinese press and the world mountaineering circles, withdrew from the world,

Chinese PinYin : You Yi Feng