lushan botanical garden

Lushan Botanical Garden is a famous subtropical Alpine botanical garden in China. It was founded in 1934 and covers an area of 3 square kilometers. It is one of the earliest botanical gardens in China and an important base for ex situ conservation of plant species in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It has collected more than 100000 species of plant specimens at home and abroad, and introduced and domesticated more than 3400 species. Chinese Metasequoia glyptostroboides, known as "living fossil", propagates ten thousand plants.

The botanical garden is not only a scientific research base, but also a scenic spot. It is divided into 11 exhibition areas for tourists to appreciate according to the natural plant communities and different ecology. There is a rest hall in the garden, and stone benches and tables are set in the shade for tourists to rest.

lushan botanical garden

Lushan Botanical Garden, formerly known as Lushan forest botanical garden, is located in the hanpokou Valley in the southeast of Lushan Mountain, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province. It is a subtropical mountain botanical garden. In 1934, it was founded by famous Chinese botanists Hu Xianji, Qin Renchang and Chen fenghuai.

Lushan Botanical Garden is a famous subalpine botanical garden and the first regular botanical garden for plant scientific research in China. It mainly introduces domesticated plants, develops and utilizes wild plant resources in subtropical mountain areas, and cultivates varieties. It is a comprehensive research institution that links agriculture, forestry, horticulture, medicine and environmental protection with plants. It is also a garden for popularizing botany knowledge, covering an area of 30 square kilometers. There are fir and cypress area, tree area, rock garden, green garden, greenhouse area, swamp plant area, nursery, cloud tea garden, kiwi fruit introduction area, medicine garden, etc. Yunwu Tea and many ornamental plants are produced here.

Adhering to the concept of "scientific connotation, beautiful appearance and cultural heritage", Lushan Botanical Garden has collected more than 3400 kinds of plants at home and abroad and stored a large number of plant specimens by 2013,

It has established friendly relations with 271 plant research institutions in 69 countries and regions, and is a member of BGCI.

geographical environment

Location context

Lushan Botanical Garden is located in the East Valley of Lushan Mountain, between Dayue mountain and hanpo mountain. It is 29 ° 51 'n and 115 ° 59' e, covering an area of nearly 300 hm2 and 1000-1300 m above sea level.

climate

Lushan Botanical Garden has a humid monsoon mountain climate in the east of subtropical zone. The average annual temperature is 11.4 ℃, the average annual fog days are 193 days, the average annual rainfall is 1800-2000mm, and the average relative humidity is 79.7%.

The frost free period is about 230 days, and the cloud days are 195.5 days. The annual sunshine hours are only about 1330 hours.

soil

The soil is mountain yellow brown soil. The top and hillside soil layers are barren and Sandy. The drainage is good. The soil layers of depressions and canyons and humus layers are thick and acidic (pH 5-6.5). The cold and humid climate and the diverse soil rich in humic layer provide favorable conditions for the introduction, cultivation and diversity protection of subtropical mountain plants.

Development history

In 1928, Hu returned to China with a Ph.D. from Harvard University. He and Bingzhi founded the Peiping Institute of sedentary Biology (director and director of the Department of Botany). He was impressed by China's rich plant resources and complex flora, but did not establish a botanical garden. He decided to establish a botanical garden.

On August 20, 1934, on the occasion of the first anniversary of the founding of the Botanical Society of China, Lushan Forest Botanical Garden (the predecessor of Lushan Botanical Garden) was established in the hanpokou valley of Lushan Mountain.

From 1934 to 1938, more than 3100 species of plants were widely collected and cultivated through seed exchange and resource investigation at home and abroad. In the desolate mountain area, we have opened up the herb plant area, stone mountain plant area, aquatic plant area and other special parks, as well as three greenhouses and nursery area with an area of nearly 11hm 2; we have established what was known as "the only complete herbarium in East Asia" at that time, collecting more than 50000 specimens of economic plants (including thousands of specimens brought back from England by Chen fenghuai) and more than 20000 specimens of pteridophytes.

In October 1938, due to Japanese invasion, the botanical garden was forced to move south to Yunnan. The "Lijiang workstation of Lushan Forest Botanical Garden" was established in Lijiang to carry out plant resource investigation, specimen collection, fine flowers and rare seedlings breeding.

On August 1, 1946, Professor Chen fenghuai returned to Lushan Mountain to carry out the restoration and reconstruction of the botanical garden. He restored the herbarium and greenhouse, established the exhibition area of angiosperms and gymnosperms, and re planned the layout of the botanical garden.

In 1950, according to the overall arrangement of the state, Luyuan was taken over by the Institute of plant taxonomy, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In 1954, it was renamed "Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences".

plant resources

Plant species

Lushan Botanical Garden covers an area of nearly 300 hectares. It mainly studies shrubs, and also tea fruit, garden and medicinal plants. More than 100000 species of plant specimens have been collected at home and abroad, and more than 3400 species have been introduced and domesticated.

The arboretum collects more than 300 species of azalea at home and abroad. More than 300 kinds of medicinal plants are collected and planted here. There are more than 260 species of gymnosperms growing in the pine and cypress area. The north and South pines and fir are competitive, and the East and West cypresses and cypresses are outstanding. Among them, there are Metasequoia glyptostroboides, which is known as "living fossil", Chinese specialty Lysimachia christinae, and other valuable tree species at home and abroad. There are more than 170000 wax leaf specimens in the herbarium and more than 60000 books in the library.

Plant distribution

The natural distribution and introduction of ground cover plants in Lushan Botanical Garden belong to 105 families, 284 genera and 538 species, of which bryophytes belong to 4 families, 4 genera and 4 species, accounting for 3.8%, 1.4% and 0.7% of total families, genera and species respectively; pteridophytes belong to 35 families, 77 genera and 230 species, accounting for 33.3%, 27.1% and 42.8% of total families, genera and species respectively; angiosperms belong to 66 families, 203 genera and 304 species respectively Species, accounting for 62.9%, 71.5% and 56.5% of the total families, genera and species respectively. According to the ecological habits, ground cover plants can be divided into herbs, shrubs and woody vines, with 499 species, 25 species and 14 species in turn, mainly herbs.

There are 475 species of flowering shrubs belonging to 92 genera of 46 families in Lushan Botanical Garden. According to their ecological habits, they can be divided into three categories: 22 families, 28 genera and 42 species of woody lianas, accounting for 47.83%, 30.43% and 8.84% of the total families, genera and species respectively; 29 families, 63 genera and 433 species of woody lianas, accounting for 63.04%, 68.49% and 91.16% of the total families, genera and species respectively; 1 family, 3 genera and 3 species of bamboos, accounting for 2.17%, 3.26% and 0.6% of the total families, genera and species respectively, among which 6 families are woody lianas and woody lianas There are two families and two genera.

Major parks

overview

The botanical garden is not only a scientific research base, but also a scenic spot. According to the natural plant communities and different ecology, it is divided into 11 exhibition areas for tourists to appreciate. In addition, there are flower exhibition and strange turtle exhibition. There is a rest hall in the garden, and stone benches and tables are set in the shade for tourists to rest.

Songbai District

The pine and cypress area covers an area of 2 hectares. After more than 60 years of efforts, 250 species of coniferous trees belonging to 41 genera and 11 families have been successfully introduced from home and abroad. There are nearly 100 species of coniferous plants belonging to various genera, including not only Metasequoia glyptostroboides, but also American Douglas fir, Japanese robusta and Abies, North American cedar, European Larch and Lushan golden larch, Yunnan Cangshan fir, Lijiang spruce, Zhejiang hemlock and yellow fir.

Arboretum

Covering an area of 1.3 hectares, the arboretum mainly introduces and preserves more than 300 species of 76 families of broad-leaved trees and shrubs in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, many of which are endemic and endangered plants in China, with high scientific value, economic value and ornamental value. Representative plants are Bole tree, Davidia involucrata, Lianxiang tree, Yinque tree, xiangguoshu, etc.

Rock garden

The rock garden covers an area of 0.7 hectare. It imitates the nature, overlaps the rocks on the mountain, and cultivates plants with soil between the rocks. After years of introduction, the plants of Gentiana, Primula, Dianthus and Rhododendron are arranged in a natural way, forming a fascinating alpine plant landscape.

International Friendship Rhododendron Garden

The international friendship Rhododendron Garden covers an area of 1.3 hectares. Rhododendron is one of the key flowers introduced and cultivated in the garden, with more than 300 species collected from home and abroad.

Greenhouse area

The greenhouse area includes a part of cold rooms, covering an area of about 1700 square meters. It mainly displays rare flowers, tropical and subtropical succulent plants. More than 600 kinds of ornamental plants have been collected year by year, and the representative plants are succulent plants, Begoniaceae plants and honeysuckle.

Cultural Activity

Lushan summer popular science

Chinese PinYin : Lu Shan Zhi Wu Yuan