Xinglong mountain

Xinglong Mountain is located in Yuzhong county to the east of Lanzhou, about 45km away from the urban area of Lanzhou. It is a good natural landscape in the suburb of Lanzhou, with an altitude of about 2500m and two peaks in the East and West. There are some Taoist temples, temples and other historical sites on the East peak, while the West Peak is more beautiful. Between the two peaks is Xinglong gorge. There is a hotel at the foot of the mountain. There is also a ski resort at the foot of Xinglong Mountain, which is the only fully equipped Alpine international ski resort in Lanzhou. The tour route in the scenic spot is: Yunlong bridge - Great Buddha Hall - Chiang Kai Shek's official residence - Malian mountain tourist community - guantangou.

Snow Mountain

synonym

Xinglong Mountain (Taiwan peak) generally refers to snow mountain (Taiwan's subalpine)

Snow Mountain: the second highest mountain in Taiwan Province, with an altitude of 3886 meters. Located at the junction of Taian Township in Miaoli County and Heping Township in Taichung County, the snow mountain is 3886 meters high. It is the highest peak of the snow mountain system, second only to Yushan in the hundred mountains. The snow mountain is the center of the snow mountain range, extending radially from here, and its branches stretch across northern Taiwan. The whole mountain is composed of reddish brown shale, sandstone and slate. There are many "ice fights" in the snow mountain area, which is the place with the most glacial relics in Taiwan.

history

The main peak area of the snow mountain is the hunting area of the Taiya people who have lived here for generations. In the Taiya language, the name of the snow mountain is Babo Hagai, which means "Stone Mountain". It describes the sand and rock blocks piled up everywhere on the top of the snow mountain. In addition, Xueshan is also known as "sekoan" in Taiya language, which means "gravel and crack", and is transliterated as "xuewengshan" in Chinese, which may be the source of the name of Xueshan. In 1867, there was a British warship shiluvia passing through the Taiwan sea. It is said that the captain found the towering snow mountain visually, and named the mountain "shiluvia" after the ship, which was named "shiluvia" in the early western literature Mt.Shiluvia It's called snow mountain. In 1872, Dr. Mackay went to the snow mountain area for activities; during the Japanese occupation of Taiwan

On July 10, 1915, Tsai Tsu Kuping, a surveyor attached to the Department of Tibetan affairs, crossed the Anbu (today's Siyuan Yakou) of peiya South via peiyanan Society (today's Nanshan Village) and climbed the main peak of the snow mountain from the East Peak ridge of the snow mountain. He measured that the height was 12972 feet, which was higher than Mount Fuji, the highest peak in Japan. In 1923, Prince Hirohito (later emperor Showa) arrived at the peak of the snow mountain ）During the visit to Taiwan Province, he named "the highest mountain in Taiwan, next only to the new high mountain" as the sub high mountain, and together with the new high mountain (Yushan) and nengshan mountain as "three high mountains in Taiwan".

After the war, the name of snow mountain began to be used; at that time, when Jiang Zhong was inspecting Zhongheng highway, he named Snow Mountain Xinglong Mountain, but it was not widely used for a long time.

Geography

The main peak and sub peak group of Xueshan mountain are distributed in the middle part of Xueshan mountain, about the county boundary between Taichung County and Miaoli County, and located in Xueba park. The mountain blocks with similar geological characteristics and lithology around the main peak of Xueshan mountain are called Xueshan horst. The bedrock of Xueshan Horst is a quartzite metamorphic sandstone of late Eocene or early Oligocene, which has high hardness and resistance to weathering and erosion. Therefore, the high terrain of Xueshan Horst is formed.

Taking the main peak of the snow mountain as the peak, there are six ridges and veins converging

Main ridge: also known as the west ridge, it is the main ridge of the snow mountain range. It extends westward from the main peak of the snow mountain, turns north after passing the cuichi trigeminal mountain, and then turns southwest at the borke mountain. There are four peaks along the line, namely Huoshi mountain, touying mountain, Daxue mountain and Zhongxue mountain.

Nanling: it turns southward from cuichi trigeminal mountain, along which there are southwest peak of Xueshan mountain, Dajian mountain, youpulan mountain, Jiayang mountain, Jianshan mountain and other high mountains, also known as Xuejian ridge vein, Jianshan ridge vein or big and small sword ridge vein.

North Ridge: from the main peak of Xueshan mountain to the north, through beilingjiao, kairantekun mountain, north peak of Xueshan mountain, mutelebu mountain, Sumida mountain, buxiulan mountain, basharayun mountain to Dabajian mountain and xiaobajian mountain, it is the ridge line, also known as Xueba line.

North East Ridge: from the North Ridge of bushuelan mountain, there is a branch ridge to the East. Along the line are pintian mountain, Chiyou mountain, Taoshan mountain and karaye mountain, namely Wuling Sixiu.

Southeast ridge: from the south of the main peak of Xueshan, to the south peak of Xueshan and zhijiayang mountain.

East Branch ridge: it extends eastward from the main peak to qijiawanxi Valley, passing through ganmulin mountain and East peak of Xueshan mountain; also known as Xuedong line.

hydrology

The main peak and ridge of the snow mountain are the watershed of daanxi and dajiaxi. The daanxi catchment area is to the north of the main ridge and dajiaxi to the south. The streams originated here include Xueshan stream (flowing into Daan stream), sijielan stream, Gaoshan stream and taoshanxi stream (flowing into Dajia stream).

One kilometer below the gravel slope at the west edge of the main peak is cuichi, which is one of the sources of the Da'an River and the highest mountain lake in Taiwan. There are two ponds, shangcui pond and xiacui pond, respectively. Shangcui pond is a seasonal small marsh with no water in dry season.

Geological landscape

Taking the main peak of the snow mountain as the center, there are a total of eight Valley structures. Among them, the largest one is No. 1 Valley, which is located under the main peak of the snow mountain and the north corner. Its opening faces to the East, with a length of about 1000 meters and a width of about 600 meters. It is not only the largest in scale, but also complete in shape. The second circle Valley is located in the north of the north corner, with a smaller scale, but a higher location. The fourth circle Valley is located in the north of the pass between the main peak and the north corner, which is a stone flow slope full of boulders; the seventh circle Valley is located under the northwest slope of the main peak of snow mountain, which is the Hanshui area of cuichi. In addition to the snow mountain area, similar topographical structures can be seen in the mountainous areas of Taiwan, such as Nanhu mountain, Dabajian mountain and Yushan Mountain. The earliest literature on the study of Taiwan's high mountains and valleys came from the Japanese scholar Zao Pai Ichiro. Later, the naturalist Tadao Kano published a paper on the glacial remains of Taiwan's high mountains and valleys after many investigations, which triggered an academic debate on the causes of the valley. Some theorists believe that there is not enough evidence for the existence of glaciers in Taiwan's high mountain areas, and the so-called encircled Valley is actually a valley collapse terrain caused by the development of water systems, source erosion and weathering. Since then, due to the lack of field research, the real cause of the enclosed valley land type has fallen into many disputes.

The main peak is in the middle of the valley wall

After 1983, geologists Zeng Zhaoxuan, Liu Zhixue, Yang Jianfu and others mentioned again the possibility that the snow mountains and valleys were glacial relics; in 1998, Wang Xin, Cui Zhijiu, song Guocheng and other scholars discovered scratch structures at the bottom of several snow mountains and confirmed that the convex mounds at the bottom of the snow mountains and valleys were ice ridge structures. Later studies, based on the evidence of climatology and pollen fossils, reconstructed the ancient climate model, and inferred that in the last glacial period, the snowfall line in the snow mountain area was only 3100 meters, so the mountains above the snow line may have long-term snow cover, and then developed glaciers and various ice erosion terrain. Other geological features of suspected glacial erosion in Xueshan area include:

Glacial lake: the glacial depression located at the bottom of the circle Valley, where the accumulated water forms a pool. Such as cuichi, shangcuichi, etc.

Ice ridge: a strip-shaped rock mass piled up at the bottom of the glacier, which is pushed by the glacier, can be seen at the bottom of No.1 circle Valley and downstream of the outlet of cuichi.

Ice cap: the highest place of ice and snow accumulation is the source of the glacier, which is characterized by the highest position and flat top; the main peak of the snow mountain and the top of the north corner are gentle round slopes, so it may be where the ice cap is.

No.4 circle valley of snow mountain, the right mountain block is the main peak

Ice erosion pass: a gap formed by ice erosion at the glacier diversion. The saddle between the north corner and the main peak may be the terrain.

Due to the heavy rainfall in Taiwan and the large temperature difference between day and night in high altitude areas, under the action of severe weathering and erosion, except for No.1 and No.2 circle valleys, the structure of other circle valleys in the snow mountain area is not distinct, and there is no obvious bowl shape with huge depression.

Main peak

The elevation of the main peak of the snow mountain is 3884 meters, the Peak topography is gentle, and there are first-class triangle points and stone tablets. The geological structure of Xueshan is mainly metamorphic sandstone. The overlapping structure of metamorphic sandstone and scattered weathered sandstone fragments can be seen around the main peak. To the east of the main peak is the No.1 circle valley of Xueshan mountain, to the north is connected with the north corner through the Yakou, to the west is connected with the Trident mountain of cuichi, and to the south is the cliff collapse. North corner

The north corner of the main peak of snow mountain is the mountain block to the north of the main peak, with an altitude of 3880 meters. It is very close to the main peak and has the same height, so it is generally not regarded as the sub peak. There is a pass between the north corner and the main peak, which is the dividing wall of No.1 and No.4 circle valleys, and may be the ice erosion structure caused by the development of glaciers.

Sub peak group

In the name of snow mountain, there are still some peaks

Xueshan Dongfeng, one of the hundred mountains, is located on the edge line of Xuedong County, with an altitude of 3201 meters.

Xueshan south peak, located in zhijiayang ridge line, 3505 meters.

The southwest peak of snow mountain is located at the edge line of snow sword, 3471 meters.

North peak of snow mountain, one of the hundred mountains, is located on the holy ridge line, 3731 meters.

climate

The snowy mountain area is a Typical Alpine frigid climate in Taiwan, China, with an annual rainfall of more than 3000 mm and an average annual temperature of about 5 ℃. The precipitation is mainly concentrated in winter, with the snow season from November to May of the next year. In summer, there are occasional typhoons. Influenced by the opening of mountain terrain, the northeast monsoon in winter often brings a lot of water vapor from Lanyang Valley, causing a lot of snowfall. Therefore, the snow mountain area is one of the areas with the most snowfall in winter in Taiwan. In Wuling, Lishan, Huanshan and other valley areas around the snow mountain, the temperature is slightly higher

Chinese PinYin : Xing Long Shan