Daxing Palace

Daxing Palace

Daxing palace, an ancient palace building, belongs to the imperial palace of Sui Dynasty. It is called Daxing palace in Sui Dynasty and early Tang Dynasty, and Taiji palace after emperor Ruizong of Tang Dynasty. It was built in 582 A.D. in the second year of kaihuang reign of Yang Jian, Emperor Gaozu of Sui Dynasty. It was built in the third year of kaihuang reign and presided over by architect Yu Wenkai. It is the imperial palace of Sui Dynasty. In 710 ad, it was renamed Taiji palace. The palace city is located at the north end of the central axis of Daxing city and the west of Daming Palace.

Since Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, Daxing hall has been the main place for the emperor to listen to the government. Every new year's day and the 15th day of Wang's day, the emperor came to this hall to meet with the officials and listen to the government. In addition, when the emperor ascended the throne, the grand ceremonies of conferring the titles of empress, Prince, kings and princesses, and banquets of tribute envoys were also held in this hall.

After Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty, most of the emperors moved to Daming Palace and Xingqing palace, but every time they met with great ceremonies such as enthronement or funeral, such as Tang Dezong, Tang Shunzong, Tang Xianzong and Tang Jingzong ascended the throne, the funeral of Tang Zong and Tang Dezong still moved to Daxing Palace (Taiji Palace), which is the most respected of the three palaces in Chang'an.

Overview of Miyagi

Daxing palace was built in the second year of kaihuang (582 A.D.) by Yang Jian, the emperor of the Sui Dynasty. It was built in the third year of kaihuang and presided over by architect Yu Wenkai. It is the imperial palace of the Sui Dynasty. In 710 ad, it was renamed Taiji palace. The palace city is located at the north end of the central axis of Daxing city and the west of Daming Palace. Since Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, Daxing hall has been the main place for the emperor to listen to the government. Every new year's day and the 15th day of Wang's day, the emperor came to this hall to meet with the officials and listen to the government. In addition, when the emperor ascended the throne, the grand ceremonies of conferring the titles of empress, Prince, kings and princesses, and banquets of tribute envoys were also held in this hall.

After Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty, most of the emperors moved to Daming Palace and Xingqing palace, but every time they met with great ceremonies such as enthronement or funeral, such as Tang Dezong, Tang Shunzong, Tang Xianzong and Tang Jingzong ascended the throne, the funeral of Tang Zong and Tang Dezong still moved to Daxing Palace (Taiji Palace), which is the most respected of the three palaces in Chang'an. Daxing hall is located in the center of the palace city. It is adjacent to the East Palace in the East, yeting palace in the west, Imperial City in the South and xineiyuan in the north. It is 2820 meters wide from east to west, 1492.1 meters long from north to south, and covers an area of 2.9 square kilometers, about five times as large as the imperial palace of Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing today.

Palace layout

There are ten gates on all sides of the palace wall. It is divided into central, Eastern and western parts. The central part is the Imperial Palace, that is, the Da nei, with a width of 1285 meters from east to west and an area of 1.92 square kilometers. In the East is the prince's East Palace, 833 meters wide, and in the west is the service supply department and the workshop yeting palace, 703 meters wide.

From the south to the north, the inner part is divided into three parts: the court area, the dormitory area and the garden area.

The court district is the office area for handling state affairs and holding ceremonies, which symbolizes the state power; the dormitory district is the residence of the emperor, which represents the imperial power of the family. Chengtian gate, the main gate of the palace city, is located in the south of the palace district. It is the place where the Grand Court meeting is held on New Year's day and winter solstice. It is compared with the "Grand Court" or "outer court" of the palace of the Zhou Dynasty. Tall double towers are built on the left and right sides of the gate, and the court hall is outside. In the north of the gate is Daxing hall, the main hall of the court area. It is the place where the emperor suowang (the first and the 15th day of the Lunar New Year) listens to the government. It is compared with the "Chinese dynasty" or "Japanese Dynasty" of the palaces of the Zhou Dynasty. The hall is surrounded by porches and verandahs to form a huge palace. It opens on all sides, and the south gate is Taiji gate.

On the East and west side of Daxing hall, there is an imperial office, on the east side are Menxia Province, historical museum, Hongwen Museum, etc., and on the west side are Zhongshu Province, Sheren courtyard, etc. Behind the Daxing hall is the first east-west street in the palace, which is the dividing line between the court district and the dormitory district. In the north of Hengjie street is the dormitory area, with Liangyi gate in the middle. Inside the gate is the main hall of the dormitory area, Liangyi hall, which is also surrounded by veranda to form a rectangular palace. This hall is the place where the emperor saw the officials listen to the government the next day, which is similar to the "Dynasty" or "Chang Dynasty" in the palace of the Zhou Dynasty. There are Wanchun hall in the East and Qianqiu hall in the west of Liangyi hall. Each of the three halls has its own door. The porches and verandahs surround the palace courtyard, which is juxtaposed with Liangyi hall. To the north of Liangyi hall is the second East-West cross street in the palace. There is Rihua gate at the east end of the street and Yuehua gate at the west end of the street. To the north of the cross street is the palace where empress concubines live. Ministers can't enter. In the center of this part is the main hall, Ganlu hall, with the Dragon hall in the East and Anren hall in the West. The three halls are juxtaposed, with Ganlu hall as the main hall, and each hall has its own porch to form an independent palace. There are two columns in front and back. The hall of each column is the core of the bedroom hall, which is enclosed by walls. The Liangyi hall and the Ganlu hall are similar to the front hall and back hall of the general residence in nature. To the north of Ganlu hall is the garden, with pavilions and ponds. To the north of Ganlu hall is the north wall of the palace city, with a Xuanwu Gate leading to the outside of the palace.

On the East and west sides of the Rihua gate and Yuehua gate, there are also several courtyards, which are secondary buildings in the palace. The main gates and halls in the two areas of the court and the dormitory are connected with the Tianmen, Taixing, Daxing, Liangyi, Liangyi, Ganlu and Ganlu, forming the central axis of the whole palace. The buildings of Daxing hall are under the pressure of today's Xi'an City, and no further exploration can be made.

Chengtian gate

Among all these gates, the most important one is Chengtian gate. Chengtian gate is located in the middle of the south wall of Daxing palace. It is located in the south of Lianhu Park in today's Xi'an city. According to archaeological survey, the eastern and Western remains are 41.7 meters long, and three gateways have been found. The width of the middle gateway is 8.5 meters, the width of the West gateway is 6.4 meters, the width of the East gateway is 6.4 meters, and the depth of the gateway is 19 meters. Under the gate site are paved with stone strips and slabs, and the building is extremely strong. There are tall buildings on the door, East and West halls on the left and right, Palace Square in front of the door, Zhuque gate and Mingde gate on the south, and a straight north-south street about 150-155 meters wide. The location is very important. Chengtian gate is the main gate of Daxing palace, where the feudal emperors held the grand ceremony of "foreign court". Such as new year's day, winter solstice, banquet chenle are here.

Xuanwu Gate

Xuanwu Gate, the north gate of Daxing palace, was also famous for its important political and military position. It is located in the Yupo of Longshou, with high terrain, overlooking the palace city, which is an important gateway to the north of the palace city.

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