Peace Palace

Peace Palace

Peace Palace is a famous building in the Netherlands, located in the outskirts of the Hague, is the seat of the United Nations International Court of justice, the library of international law and the school of international law. Built between 1907 and 1913, the palace of peace was mainly donated by Andrew Carnegie, an American. It houses the International Court of Justice (often known as the world court), the Permanent Court of international arbitration, the Hague Academy of international law and the huge library of international law. Countries all over the world have contributed to the furnishings. There are four guided tours every day.

Brief introduction of Peace Palace

summary

Peace Palace is a brown red palace building with two stories and two towering towers. The front of the palace is a corridor composed of nine large arches, and the bell tower in the west is the tallest building nearby. The vaulted hall on the ground floor is all made of marble and decorated with gold relief. The ground is made of ivory and light blue marble. In the center of the main corridor in the middle of the hall, there is a stone statue of justice goddess presented by the United States, backed by three French windows inlaid with colored glass. There is a big court and two small courts on both sides of the building. The corridor displays gifts from various countries, including a cloisonne vase with a mahogany base, which is taller than a person from China. In the middle of the front of the Grand Court is the court seat, and behind it are more than ten high back chairs, which are the seats for judges and assistants. All the judges appear in court when a major case is heard. There are more than 100 seats in the court for the public and journalists. The two courtrooms on the first floor have only four seats for judges, mainly dealing with general disputes and pre-trial. On the second floor, there are judges' meeting rooms and offices. Among them, the meeting room called "Japan room" is donated by Japan. The second year after the completion of the palace of peace, the first World War broke out. The League of nations, which was established after the war, set up the Permanent Court of international justice here. It and the original international arbitration court are judicial organs under the League of nations. After the Second World War, the two courts were renamed the International Court of justice and became the judicial organs of the United Nations. All members of the United Nations are members of the International Court of justice. The International Law Library in the palace of peace is a public library. It is the largest collection of law books in the world. Besides Monographs on international law, the collection also includes international politics, laws of various countries, treaties and diplomatic documents. The library has provided services for the Permanent Court of arbitration, the International Court of justice and the Hague Academy of international law. The school of international law was founded in 1923. After 1950, students studying international law from all over the world could come here every year to take an examination and be awarded a degree after passing the examination. Peace Palace is a gathering place of world famous experts in international law. Many important international conventions were adopted here. For example, the Convention on the peaceful settlement of international disputes, the Convention on the rights and obligations of neutral states in time of Naval War, and the Convention on the handling of illegal hijacking of aircraft are all referred to as the hijacking convention.

history

The idea of such an institution was first discussed in 1900 between Russian diplomat Friedrich Martens and American diplomat Andrew white. Therefore, at the first Hague Peace Conference held in the Hague in 1899, the conference decided to establish a permanent international arbitration court (PCA) here. White then started contacting his friend and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie and gave him an account of the idea. Carnegie said he was only interested in establishing a library of international law. Finally, in 1903, Carnegie agreed to pay $1.5 million for the construction of the Peace Palace and the library of international law.

At first, Carnegie intended to donate the money directly to Wilhelmina of the Netherlands to build the court. However, this was not allowed by law, so in November 1903, the Carnegie Foundation was established, which was directly responsible for the operation of the Peace Palace. The fund is still in operation today.

In order to find a suitable design scheme, the foundation decided to collect architectural design schemes all over the world. The winner was French designer Louis M. cordonnier's Neo Renaissance design. In order to make the design work within the budget, kaudenir and his Dutch assistant van der steur also adjusted the original plan. At first, there were two large bell towers on the front of the palace and two small ones behind it. In the end, there was only one bell tower in front and one in back. In order to save money, the library is integrated with the winning design of Peace Palace. The open space within the Peace Palace was designed by Thomas Hayton Mawson, who also cut the number of fountains and sculptures to accommodate the budget.

In the process of building the palace of peace, it also received gifts from many countries, most of which were used to build and decorate the palace of peace. On August 28, 1913, the Peace Palace was officially put into use.

In 2007, Queen Beatrix unveiled the new Peace Palace Library of international law, which contains not only all the books, but also a lecture hall and a new reading room.

objective

The palace was named the palace of peace to express its importance to the settlement of disputes and the maintenance of world peace. In 1946, the International Court of justice held its first session. The tribunal also serves as the judicial organ of the United Nations to settle disputes between its member states. It is also the venue for war crimes trials.

Peace Palace International Court of Justice

International Court of Justice (ICJ)

Cour Internationale de Justice (CIJ) is the main judicial organ of the United Nations, which is located in the Peace Palace in the Hague, the Netherlands, also known as the "International Court of justice in the Hague". It was established in April 1946 in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the attached statute of the International Court of justice. The main function of the International Court of justice is to make judgments on legal disputes submitted by states in accordance with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations and relevant treaties and conventions, or to provide advisory opinions on legal issues raised by other organs of the United Nations. The International Court of justice is a civil court that only deals with disputes between sovereign states. It has no criminal jurisdiction and cannot try individuals, such as war criminals. According to the relevant provisions, the International Court of justice can make a ruling only if the parties agree to submit the legal dispute to the International Court of justice.

All members of the United Nations are ex officio participants in the statute of the International Court of justice. Non member states of the United Nations, such as Switzerland, can also participate in the statute upon the recommendation of the UN Security Council and the consent of the general assembly.

The International Court of justice is composed of 15 judges of different nationalities elected by the United Nations General Assembly and the United Nations Security Council, including one president and one vice president of the court. Judges do not represent any country. They are appointed for nine years and are replaced by a third every three years. The elected judges should have the qualification to hold the highest judicial office in their own country or the recognized authority of international law. The term of office of the president is three years. Judges and presidents can be re elected and enjoy diplomatic privileges, diplomatic immunity and related facilities.

According to the statute, the International Court of justice accepts all cases specified by the parties and the Charter of the United Nations or any existing treaties and conventions (cases under domestic jurisdiction shall not be accepted). The court may also give advisory opinions on any legal issues raised by the general assembly, the Security Council and other organs and specialized agencies of the United Nations authorized by the general assembly. In principle, it is voluntary for the parties to bring cases before the International Court of justice. The International Court of justice decides judicial decisions by more than half of the judges present. If one of the parties fails to comply with its obligations under the judgment of the International Court of justice, the other party may request the Security Council to determine the measures to be taken to enforce the judgment.

The main organs of the International Court of justice include the summary procedure chamber, the budget and Administration Committee, the Relations Committee, the library committee, the Committee on Amending the statute of the International Court of justice and the International Tribunal for the sea.

The official languages of the court are French and English.

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