Yili River

Yili River, also known as Yishui and yilishui, is located 16 kilometers outside Yining City. It is the inland river with the largest flow in Xinjiang. The river is wide and beautiful, with a total length of 1500 kilometers. From east to west, it flows into Kazakhstan at the mouth of Horgos River and finally into Balkhash lake.

The beautiful Yili River is surrounded by snow peaks and green trees. The famous Yili bridge is located in the nearest reach of the Yining river. It is an excellent place to photograph the sunset. "Yiqiao sunset" has become a good subject for photographers.

The upper reaches of Yili River are mountainous rivers. Above Yili village, the river course is zigzag and flows through the wide valley with many swamps and lakes. From below Yili village, you enter the rocky kangchagai gorge across karoi highland, and then you enter the kapchagai gorge, where the famous kapchagai hydropower station was built.

Yili River

This entry is compiled and applied by "popular science China" Science Encyclopedia

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Ili River is an inland river in the middle of Asia and an international river across China and Kazakhstan. The main source of the Yili River, Tekes River, originates from the north side of the Tianshan Mountain, flows eastward through the Zhaosu basin and Tekes Valley in Xinjiang, China, and then passes through the yishigelike mountain to the north. It is called Yili River after confluence with the right bank tributary Gongnaisi River, flows westward to the Horgos River, enters the territory of Kazakstan, flows through the canyon and desert area, and flows into the balkashi Lake in Central Asia. From the source of the river to the mouth of the lake, it has a total length of 1236 kilometers and a drainage area of 151000 square kilometers, including 442 kilometers of rivers and 5.6 square kilometers of drainage area in China

geographical position

Yili River is located between 74 ° to 85 ° E and 42 ° to 47 ° n, and flows from southeast to northwest. It is an inland river in Central Asia and an international river of China and Kazakhstan. Located between the North Branch of the Tianshan Mountains and the South Branch of the Tianshan Mountains, the section of the Tianshan Mountains is the most abundant in water resources in China. There are three sources in the upper reaches, namely Tekes River, Gongnaisi River and Kashi River, and the main source is Tekes river. Originating from the north slope of the main peak of khatengger in Kazakhstan, it flows from west to East and into China. It turns northward at 82 ° e, passes through the kademing mountains and joins with the Gongnaisi River on the right bank. After the North flow joins the Kashi River, it is called Ili River. After the West flow reaches 150km, the Horgos river flows back to Kazakhstan and continues to flow westward into the kapchagai gorge area and receives the last branch It flows into the Kurt River, then through the sareesiklau desert area, and finally into Lake Balkhash. The upper reaches of Yili River are above yamadu station, the middle reaches are from yamadu to Kazakstan Village (kapchagai), and the lower reaches are from Yili village to Balkhash Lake.

Basin characteristics

landforms

The upper reaches of Yili River are mountainous rivers. Above Yili village, the river course is zigzag and flows through the wide valley with many swamps and lakes. From below Yili village, you enter the rocky kangchagai gorge across karoi highland, and then you enter the kapchagai gorge, where the famous kapchagai hydropower station was built. After the Kurt River, the last tributary, was injected, the valley widened sharply and flowed through the sareesiklau and taokum deserts. About 100km from the downstream, it is a modern delta with many rivers and reeds (its area is about 9000 square kilometers).

The Ili River Basin in China is shaped like a triangle opening to the west, with three mountains gradually shrinking from west to East. In the north are the North Branch of the Tianshan Mountains, the borokonu mountains and the yilianhabirga mountains; in the south are the South Branch of the Tianshan Mountains, the hark mountains and the Nalati mountains; in the middle are the lower mountains, the ketemin mountains and the yishiglike mountains. Yili River Valley and Kashi River Valley are between the northern and central mountains, and Tekes River Valley and Gongnaisi River Valley are between the southern and central mountains. The East-West length of the basin is about 400 km, and the east end is closed by high mountains. The outlet elevation of the west end of the river is about 520m above sea level, and the natural longitudinal slope of the East-West terrain is as high as 11.2%. It creates favorable conditions for the formation of topographic rain.

The above closed and semi closed special terrain can resist the dry cold air flow from Siberia in the north, the dry heat from Hami, Turpan and other basins in the East, and the invasion of sandstorm from Tarim Desert in the south.

Climate and hydrology

The Yili River Basin in Xinjiang is shaped like a triangle opening to the West. There are three mountains gradually contracting from west to East. The whole basin is windward, with abundant precipitation. The annual precipitation in the valley is about 300 mm, and that in the mountain area is 500-1000 mm. The mountainous area in the catchment area accounts for 68%, which is an important cause of runoff.

Most of the tributaries of the Yili river flow out from the outer Yili River, which is conducive to the formation of runoff. Among the tributaries on the right bank, the only one that can reach the Ili River is the Horgos River, and the rest of the rivers disappear in the middle.

In addition to receiving water vapor supply from the Atlantic Ocean and other waters all the year round, the Ili River basin also has more than 1600 large and small glaciers with a total area of more than 2100 square kilometers due to the high mountains of the Tianshan Mountains on the north and south sides, and the wide distribution of large and small glaciers and permanent snow in the basin. The initial estimated net water storage is more than 230 billion cubic meters, which is equivalent to a permanent solid reservoir of the same volume. The annual runoff of the river is about 2-2.5 billion cubic meters, covering 13.2% - 16.5% of the surface water yield. The Yili River is usually frozen in December and thawed in March of the next year.

The main tributaries of Yili River benefit from the uniform precipitation and the effective regulation of glaciers. Although there is a flood season every year, the flood peak frequency curve is flat, and the flood volume is small for several consecutive days. The flood peak and flood volume are relatively stable, and there has never been a large-scale serious flood disaster in history.

natural resources

water resource

The Ili River Basin in Xinjiang is shaped like a triangle opening to the West. There are three mountains gradually shrinking from west to East. In the north, there are the section of brahkonu and yilianhabirga in the northern branch of Tianshan Mountains, in the south, there are the section of harke and Nalati in the southern branch of Tianshan Mountains, and in the middle, there are the section of ketermian and yishiglike in the lower mountains. Yili River Valley and Kashi River Valley are between the northern and central mountain sections, and Tekes River Valley and Gongnaisi River Valley are between the southern and central mountain sections. Due to the opening to the west, the whole basin is on the windward side with abundant precipitation. The annual precipitation in the valley is about 300 mm, and that in the mountain area is 500-1000 mm. The mountainous area in the catchment area accounts for 68%, which is an important reason for the rich runoff. Because of the abundant rainfall, vegetation can be formed naturally in mountain areas, dry land agriculture can be operated in low mountains and gentle slopes, and supplementary irrigation is needed for farmland and forest belt in valley plain, but the water consumption is not much.

The annual runoff of Yili River flowing out of the country is about 13 billion cubic meters. Because the basin is located in the highest peak area of Tianshan Mountain, it has a lot of precipitation, abundant flow and large drop. The hydropower reserve is more than 7 million kilowatts, accounting for 21% of the total hydropower reserve in Xinjiang. If fully developed, 62 billion kilowatts of electricity can be obtained every year. There are more than 30 hydropower sites with good development conditions, with an installed capacity of 3 million kilowatts, accounting for 30% of the hydropower resources with good development conditions in Xinjiang.

Other resources

Because of the abundant rainfall, vegetation can be formed naturally in mountain areas, dry land agriculture can be operated in low mountains and gentle slopes, and supplementary irrigation is needed for farmland and forest belt in valley plain, but the water consumption is not much. The annual runoff of the Yili River flowing out of the country is about 13 billion cubic meters, and the hydropower reserves are more than 7 million kilowatts, accounting for 21% of the total hydropower reserves in Xinjiang. If fully developed, 62 billion kilowatt hours of electricity can be obtained every year. The vegetation coverage of Yili River Basin is the highest in Xinjiang, with an average coverage of 90%. The low mountain zone is high-quality spring and autumn grassland, the middle mountain zone is dense spruce forest, and the high mountain zone is high-quality summer grassland. The basin is rich in mineral resources. More than 20 kinds of prospective minerals have been found, which are distributed in more than 60 places. Coal mines are distributed in Yining, Chabuchar, Nileke, Tekes, Zhaosu and other places. Jurassic coal seams are widely distributed, with large reserves and good quality. Iron ore is mainly concentrated in Xinyuan and Zhaosu, with reserves of more than 20 million tons, most of which are industrial reserves. In addition, manganese in Zhaosu, copper and lead in Nileke, copper in Tekes, associated titanium and vanadium in Yining, bauxite, pyroclay, quartz sand, placer gold and Muscovite are widely distributed in the basin.

Water system composition

Yili River catchment area can be divided into four parts: ① Tekes river. It is the West source of Ili River and the largest tributary. It originates from the north slope of hantengri peak in Kazakhstan. After entering Xinjiang, it passes through Zhaosu and Tekes counties, and joins with Gongnaisi River in the northeast of Gongliu County, which is called Ili River. The annual runoff is 8.6 billion cubic meters, mainly produced in the northern slope of harke mountain. ② The gones river. It is the South Branch of the East source of Yili River. It originates from the south slope of Andier mountain in the northwest corner of Hejing County, with an annual runoff of 2 billion cubic meters. It flows westward through Xinyuan county to Gongliu county and joins with Tekes river. ③ Kashi River. It is the North Branch of the East source of Yili River, which originates from the south slope of the North Branch of Tianshan Mountain. It passes through Nileke county to the west, and then flows into Yili River at yamadu, Yining County, with an annual runoff of 3.9 billion cubic meters. ④ There are 39 small tributaries below yamadu, with a total annual runoff of 2.1 billion cubic meters. Among them, there are 16 tributaries on the north bank, generating 1.8 billion cubic meters in total; 13 tributaries on the south bank, generating 300 million cubic meters in total.

Charon River

The Charon river is located in Almaty state of Kazakhstan, which is the left tributary of Ili River. The length of the river is 427km and the drainage area is 7720km2. It originates from the southern slope of the kertmian mountains, and its downstream is divided into several parts

Chinese PinYin : Yi Li He