Jiaozi mountain

Jiaozi snow mountain

synonym

Jiaozi mountain generally refers to jiaozi snow mountain

Jiaozi snow mountain is located at the junction of Luquan County and Dongchuan City, more than 150 kilometers away from Luquan County, with an altitude of 4344.1 meters. It is named for its shape like a sedan chair placed in the mountains. The local area is also called laoxueshan. Historically, it was called jiangyunlu mountain, songwailong mountain, Wulong mountain, Xueshan mountain and Yunlong mountain. In the first year of Xingyuan reign of emperor Dezong of Tang Dynasty (784), yimouxun of Mengshi in Nanzhao was granted the title of Dongyue.

Jiaozi snow mountain is composed of Jiaozi mountain, Qiwang mountain, Dongying mountain, Guanyin Mountain and other peaks. The main peak is 4223.4 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in Central Yunnan. It is a typical mountain like glacier landscape in Central Yunnan.

geographical environment

Location context

Jiaozi snow mountain is located in the north of Kunming City, at the junction of Luquan County and Dongchuan City. It is more than 150 kilometers away from Luquan County. The highest altitude is 4344.1m, the lowest is 2300m, and the relative elevation difference is more than 2000m,.

geological structure

Jiaozishan is located between Xiaojiang Fault Zone and Puduhe fault zone. It is the extension of Yunling mountains from west to East and is the remnant of Gongwang Mountain system

. In Yuan Dynasty, Jiaozishan area was in a marine environment. During the lower Paleozoic, the area was located in a high latitude marine environment, forming Sinian moraine and Cambrian phosphorus deposits. In Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian and Cambrian, it is a uplift and denudation area. During the Permian, it sank into the sea floor, forming the marine sedimentary strata of the lower Permian. During the Middle Permian, there was a large-scale volcanic eruption on the sea floor, forming the basalt of the main peak of Jiaozishan. After middle Permian, Jiaozishan area rose to land. In the upper Triassic, some depressive basins appeared in this area, and the basin history ended in the Middle Jurassic. Jiaozishan area all rose to land, and did not receive any sediment in the next 200 million years.

Since Cenozoic, the fault dominated tectonic movement in Jiaozishan area has been relatively active, with Xiaojiang Fault in the form of stepped fault depression in the East, Puduhe fault in the West and Jinshajiang fault in the north, forming a strong dome area in Jiaozishan area. In the Tertiary period, Yunnan experienced the process of peneplanarization. The top of Jiaozi mountain and its surrounding mountains at an altitude of 3800-4050m is the residual terrain of this original surface. This original surface was formed at a lower altitude in the Tertiary period. In the later geological years, due to the strong upward movement in Yunnan, it was uplifted to a higher altitude and became the central and Northeast Yunnan The highest peak in the world.

The main geomorphic types are: mountain, valley and alluvial fan, glacial permafrost and other special micro landforms (waterfall, karst, ice erosion and others). The main features of landform are: 1) huge undulating mountain valley; 2) no plain and large and medium-sized basin; 3) prominent Quaternary glacial remains and glacial erosion landform; 4) relatively developed permafrost landform; 5) obvious basalt mountains uplifted since Cenozoic.

Climatic characteristics

In Luquan County, the average annual temperature is 15.6, the frost free period is 243D, and the average annual precipitation is 966.4mm; in Dongchuan County, the average annual temperature is 20.2, the frost free period is 317d, and the average annual precipitation is 700.5mm.

natural resources

According to the survey of Yunnan forestry investigation and Planning Institute in 2004, there are 1070 species (subspecies and varieties) of vascular plants belonging to 485 genera and 153 families in jiaozixueshan nature reserve, including 52 species (subspecies and varieties) of pteridophytes belonging to 25 genera and 16 families, 15 species (subspecies and varieties) of gymnosperms belonging to 11 genera and 5 families, and 1003 species (subspecies and varieties) of angiosperms belonging to 449 genera and 132 families ）In addition, there are abundant animal resources in the reserve, including 25 species of mammals belonging to 24 genera, 17 families and 7 orders.

There are more than 1000 species of higher plants in jiaozixueshan nature reserve, including Taxus yunnanensis, Taxus yunnanensis, Taxus yunnanensis, and Daphne odorifera There are 15 species of forest musk deer, the first-class national protected animals, and the second-class national key protected animals, such as the spotted antelope, Sumen antelope, otter, green weasel, pangolin, songque hawk, big duck, snake carving, Lingjiao, white bellied Caragana, spotted head warbler, red bellied horned pheasant, Kestrel, etc.

environmental problems

The farmers around jiaozi snow mountain consume a lot of firewood and timber. Firewood is the main energy in the rural areas around the reserve, and timber is the most important building and furniture materials. Overgrazing around jiaozi snow mountain has led to the rapid retreat of large areas of grassland.

Governance and development

environmental protection

In 1989, jiaozi mountain was listed as Kunming nature reserve.

In 1994, with the approval of the people's Government of Yunnan Province, the provincial nature reserve was established, covering a total area of 16456 hectares. In 2009, it became a national nature reserve.

It mainly protects the only vegetation type and forest ecosystem in jiaozi mountain in Central Yunnan represented by Abies acutissima forest, alpine Berlin forest, Quercus acutissima forest and alpine pine forest. To protect the rare, endangered and endemic animals and plants and their habitats represented by Cycas Panzhihua, Taxus Xumi, Magnolia Xikang, Dingqian, Artemisia Wumeng, angelica Dongchuan, musk deer, pangolin China, civet cat, tritotron rubrum, and closed shell turtle of Yunnan. Protection of Quaternary glacial remains, especially ice erosion landforms. Protect the water conservation area in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the ecological barrier of Kunming in Changchun. To protect the most suitable and closest provenance for future vegetation restoration in Liangjiang River Basin of central Yunnan.

Tourism development

In July 1993, jiaozi mountain was listed as a provincial scenic spot.

Honors

In April 2020, it was selected into the "2020 list of famous summer resort mountains in China".

Address: XUNDIAN Hui and Yi Autonomous County, Kunming City, Yunnan Province

Longitude: 103.256616

Latitude: 25.558201

Chinese PinYin : Jiao Zi Shan