Hailuogou National Forest Park

Hailuogou has primitive, ancient, wild, magical, unique and breathtaking style. Here are: ancient and mysterious primeval forest, a wide variety of "animal kingdom", famous "conch Rhododendron", colorful "waterfalls and hot springs", the "Shenhua world" under Pomo mountain, the enchanted "Rizhao Jinshan", and the mysterious "green sea glacier" The hanging "ice waterfall". Hailuogou is famous for its large-scale low-altitude modern glaciers, with a glacier length of 14.7 km. The scenic spot integrates primeval forest, rare animals and plants, hot springs and waterfalls into a magnificent and unique landscape. It is a world-famous landscape with the characteristics of knowledge, interest, adventure and entertainment.

Hailuogou National Forest Park in Sichuan

synonym

Hailuogou National Forest Park generally refers to Sichuan Hailuogou National Forest Park

Hailuogou National Forest Park is located in Luding County, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, 319km away from Chengdu and 49km away from Kangding. Located on the southeast edge of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, the east slope of the main peak of Gongga Mountain (Gongga Mountain is located on the eastern edge of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, in the middle and southern section of the snow mountains, between the Dadu River and the Yalong River), it is about 29 kilometers long from East to west, 17 kilometers wide from north to south, and covers an area of 350 square kilometers. Hailuogou National Forest Park belongs to subtropical humid monsoon climate. It is one of the only low altitude glaciers in the world. The forest vegetation types are glaciers and virgin forests.

Hailuogou National Forest Park is a national AAAAA scenic spot

National key scenic spots, national forest parks, national nature reserves, national geoparks and glacier forest parks.

Historical evolution

Hailuogou was the place where the Qiang people lived in bailangloubo during the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, and belonged to Guandu county during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

Before the completion of Luding Bridge in 1706, the ancient tea horse road reached Kangding mainly through Fanya ridge in Moxi Town, which contributed to the prosperity of Moxi town at that time.

In the 1980s, the tourism development of Hailuogou was highly valued by the Party Central Committee.

On February 4, 1986, the Party committee and the people's Government of Luding County decided to set up the "leading group of Hailuogou tourism development in Luding County". In November of the same year, the people's Government of Sichuan Province approved Gongga Mountain as a provincial scenic spot.

On October 15, 1987, Hailuogou Glacier forest hot spring park opened.

On January 29, 1988, the people's Government of Luding County decided to set up the Tourism Administration of Luding County, and the tourism development of Hailuogou was under its management.

In 1993, the Ministry of forestry approved the establishment of Hailuogou National Forest Park.

On May 25, 1994, the people's Government of Sichuan Province approved the establishment of Hailuogou tourist resort in Luding, Ganzi Prefecture, Sichuan Province, which was listed as a provincial resort. The management committee was responsible for the development and management of Hailuogou tourism, which was jointly managed by the state and county.

In 1998, the State Council approved the establishment of gonggashan National Nature Reserve.

In 2001, the Ministry of land and Resources approved Hailuogou as a national geopark; in the same year, the National Tourism Administration approved Hailuogou National Forest Park as an AAAA tourist area.

In May 2003, Hailuogou Scenic Spot Management Bureau was established; in September of the same year, Moxi town and Xinxing Township were under the management of Hailuogou Scenic Spot Tourism Management Bureau.

In 2009, at the Boao Forum for Asia international conference jointly organized by the United Nations non-governmental organization World Harmony Foundation and international tourism marketing association, Sichuan Hailuogou National Forest Park was rated as "international trump tourist attraction".

In 2015, Ganzi Prefecture launched the activity of creating "5A" in Hailuogou, leading the upgrading of tourism in the whole region with the standard of creating "a".

On February 16, 2017, Sichuan Hailuogou National Forest Park was rated as a national AAAAA tourist attraction.

geographical environment

geographical position

Hailuogou National Forest Park is located on the southeast edge of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the east slope of the main peak of Gongga Mountain (Gongga Mountain is located on the eastern edge of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and in the middle and southern section of the snow mountains, between the Dadu River and the Yalong River). Administratively, it is located in the junction area of Luding, Kangding, Jiulong and Ya'an counties in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province. Its geographical location is between 29 ° 20 ′ - 30 ° 20 ′ N and 101 ° 30 ′ - 102 ° 15 ′ e, covering an area of 350 square kilometers.

topographic features

The geomorphic types of Hailuogou National Forest Park in Sichuan Province are complex: there are extremely high mountains with cold frozen weathered bare rock avalanche steep slope above the altitude of 4900m, cold frozen weathered eroded alpine mountains, eroded subalpine Zhongshan mountains, modern glaciers, ancient moraine platforms and alluvial proluvial terraces. The vertical zonation of modern geomorphology is obvious: the height difference in Hailuogou National Forest Park is 6470 meters, the climate geomorphology zone of flowing water action is below 3800 meters above sea level, the climate geomorphology zone of periglacial action is mainly between 3800 meters and 4900 meters, and the climate geomorphology zone of ice and snow action is above 4900 meters. The moraine Valley is relatively open: Although the gullies in Hailuogou National Forest Park have been eroded by ancient glaciers for many periods, the middle and lower reaches are still "V" as a whole due to the large height difference between the gully bed and both banks Valley shape: the valley is generally very narrow, but the moraine Valley in the upper reaches is relatively open, including the glacial River dam vacated by the retreat of modern glaciers at the bottom of the valley and the ancient moraine platform on both banks. The width of the valley is 0.6-2 km. Neotectonic landforms are developed, including active fault landforms such as faulted turns in the downstream river valleys, faulted rocks hundreds of meters high in the middle and upper reaches, and the huge height of the main peak associated with the uplift of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, strong topographic contrast, high suspension of the snow basin and above the snow line. Modern slope geomorphic process is active: glacier movement and melting, avalanche, rock collapse, landslide, debris flow and so on.

soil

There are nine types of soil in Hailuogou National Forest Park, including red soil, mountain yellow brown soil, mountain brown soil, subalpine lime soil, cinnamon soil, subalpine meadow soil, alpine meadow soil and alpine cold desert soil.

Hailuogou National Forest Park in Sichuan province belongs to the high mountain and gorge landform area. The site conditions of soil formation and maintenance are poor, so the soil layer is shallow, the texture is coarse, the vertical zoning is obvious, and there are many types. The Dadu River valley below 1300 meters, the terraces along the Wandong River and the alluvial proluvial fan are red soil, the mountain yellow brown soil is developed on the slope of 1300-2300 meters, and the mountain brown soil is developed on the slope of 2300-2800 meters. The transitional soil between the leached cinnamon soil and the mountain dark brown soil is zigzag or inlaid with each other. The mountain dark brown soil is developed on the slope of 2800-3400 meters, and the sub high mountain drift lime soil is developed on the slope of 3400-3700 meters, Cinnamon soil is developed at the foot of slope and valley below 3300m, subalpine meadow soil is developed in shrub meadow above forest line, alpine meadow soil is developed between subalpine meadow soil and alpine cold desert soil, and alpine cold desert soil is developed above alpine meadow belt and below snow line.

climate

Hailuogou National Forest Park in Sichuan Province is located in the transition zone from subtropical warm and humid monsoon climate in eastern China to alpine climate in western Qinghai Tibet Plateau. It belongs to subtropical mountain humid monsoon climate, which is mainly affected by southeast monsoon. It is humid and rainy, warm in winter and wet in summer, with more clouds and less sunshine. At the altitude of 3000m, the annual average temperature is 3.9 ℃, the average temperature of the warmest month is 12.7 ℃, the average temperature of the coldest month is - 4.5 ℃, the annual range is 17.2 ℃, the annual maximum temperature is 23.3 ℃, the annual minimum temperature is - 14.5 ℃, the annual sunshine is 880.9h, the sunshine percentage is 20%, the annual precipitation is 1934.7m, the rainfall is mainly concentrated from May to October, the annual precipitation days are 260 days, and the annual average water surface evaporation is 320m, accounting for 20% of the annual precipitation 18.6%。

Affected by the terrain and altitude, the temperature and precipitation change significantly with the increase of altitude, showing a significant vertical zone characteristics: below 2300m, it belongs to subtropical climate; 2300-2900m, it belongs to warm temperate climate; 2900-3800m, it belongs to cold temperate climate; 3800-4200m, it belongs to sub frigid climate; 4200-4900m, it belongs to frigid climate; above 4900m, it belongs to polar climate The direct decrease rate of temperature is 0.67 ℃ / 100 m, and the precipitation increases with the elevation. The annual precipitation increase rate is 67.5 M / 100 m, and there are two major precipitation zones, 2900-3400 m and 4700-5000 m above sea level. The precipitation is 2000 m and 3000 m respectively, and more than 4000 m is solid precipitation in the whole year.

hydrology

glacier

Hailuogou National Forest Park Glacier is a typical marine low altitude glacier, with a length of 14.7 km, an area of 16 square kilometers, the highest altitude of 6750 meters, the lowest altitude of 2850 meters, and a drop of 3900 meters. The great ice waterfall on the glacier is 1080 meters high and 1100 meters wide, which is the highest and largest ice waterfall ever found in China, and 15 times as large as Huangguoshu waterfall. Hailuogou Glacier tongue is 6 km long and 0.4-0.7 km wide, with a maximum thickness of 100-130 M. the glacier was formed about 1600 years ago. A single crack in the glacial layer is 100 meters long and 5-10 meters deep,

Chinese PinYin : Hai Luo Gou Guo Jia Sen Lin Gong Yuan