Tumen pass in Gannan

Tumen pass in Gannan

Tumenguan is called "huoercang Xianggao" in Tibetan. Its exact location is 190m away from guantan village, Maji Township, Linxia County, Gansu Province. It is 33km away from Linxia city in the East and 75KM away from Labrang Town, Xiahe County in the west, with an altitude of 2170m. Tumen pass is the main pass from Sichuan and Qinghai to Lanzhou through Gannan Tibetan area.

brief introduction

To the south of Tumen pass is Xiahe County, and to the north is Linxia Prefecture. Lanlang highway passes through this pass. According to the records of Hezhou, Tumen pass is the largest of the 24 passes, "the mountains are high and precipitous, and the opposite bank is like a gate.". On the northwest side of the pass, there is Wang mountain, the remaining vein of Dalijia mountain. On the southeast side, it faces Taizi mountain across the Daxia river. On both sides of the pass, there are high mountains, forming a natural canyon. Tumen pass is built on this natural site. At that time, the city wall was built from the west to the east along the mountain ridge. The wall was 6 meters wide and 10 meters high. It was very strong. The gate was set near the root of the West Mountain (30 meters away from lanlang highway). The north and south slopes of the gate were in the shape of "human", with an angle of 25-30 degrees. From the east to the west of the wall (that is, from the Bank of the Daxia River to the waist of the Wang mountain), the length of the wall is 567.6 meters, which is made of loess. The remaining wall is 410.6 meters long and consists of three sections. The width of the wall base and the width of the wall top start from the closing door, and the narrower it is when it extends to the mountain. The middle section is 267.6m, the remnant height is 6.7m, and the top remnant width is 1m. The total length of the destroyed wall is 157 meters, some of which are occupied by lanlang highway, some by canals, and some by people's soil collection. The Hedong section, the so-called Xiaoguan, is completely destroyed, but the original remains are clear and can be braided.

Historical records

According to the relevant historical data, the gate tower was built in Tumen pass. The tower has two floors, with carved beams and painted buildings, which is magnificent. In 1725, tumenguan was set up as the tea horse exchange market of Han, Tibet and Mongolia. When the gates are closed early and closed late, there are garrison patrols. The gate and tower were demolished in 1949.

Tumen pass crosses the river and connects with Xiaoguan, forming a complete defense system. In historical materials, "Xiaoguan" is called "Shizui pass". Caoling, the east side of Taizi mountain, is steep and difficult to climb. The west side of the pass is close to the Daxia River Valley. The water is fast and the waves are high. Shizui pass has a secret gate and a stone tablet of "the junction of Han and fan", which has no existence today.

Address: National Highway 213, Xiahe County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province

Longitude: 102.938792

Latitude: 35.408788

Chinese PinYin : Gan Nan Tu Men Guan