Lishan

Thousand Buddhas Mountain

synonym

Lishan (mountain in Jinan City, Shandong Province) generally refers to Qianfo Mountain (Qianfo Mountain in Jinan City, Shandong Province)

This entry is compiled and applied by "popular science China" Science Encyclopedia

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Qianfo Mountain is located in Lixia District, Jinan City, Shandong Province. It is one of the three famous scenic spots in Jinan. It was called Lishan in ancient times. Because it was called Shun farming in Lishan in ancient history, it was also named Shun mountain and Shun farming mountain. During the kaihuang period of the Sui Dynasty (581-600 years), thousands of Buddha statues were carved along with the mountain because of the prevalence of Buddhism, so it is called Qianfo Mountain.

Qianfo Mountain is the remnant of Mount Tai, with an altitude of 285 meters and an area of 166.1 hectares. It is 2.5 kilometers away from the center of Jinan City. It is located in the south of the center of Jinan City, Shandong Province. Together with Baotu Spring and Daming Lake, it is known as the three major scenic spots in Jinan. It is a national AAAA scenic spot and the ninth batch of national scenic spots.

On September 5, 2016, Qianfo Mountain cliff stone statues and inscriptions were listed as cultural relics protection units in Shandong Province.

Historical records

Qianfo Mountain was called Lishan in ancient times. It is said that when Emperor Yushun was the people in ancient times, he worked under Lishan, so it was also called Shun mountain or shun Geng mountain. According to historical records: during the Sui Dynasty, Buddhism prevailed in Shandong Province. Devout believers carved a large number of stone Buddhas along the wall of the mountain, and built a thousand Buddha Temple to get the name of thousand Buddha mountain. Along the western road of Pandao, there is a pagoda Pavilion in the Tang Dynasty. Beside the pavilion is an ancient pagoda tree. It is said that Qin Qiong, a famous general of the Tang Dynasty, once tied his horse here. There is a painted archway on the hillside, which is called qiyanjiudian archway. Mount the pavilion and look to the north with the railing. The nearby Daming Lake is like a mirror, and the Yellow River is like a belt in the distance.

The stone Buddha sculptures on Qianfo Mountain are concentrated on the Qianfo cliff behind Xingguo temple. Xingguo temple, also known as Qianfo Mountain Temple, was first built in the Tang Dynasty, and then increased in scale by successive dynasties. On the cliff above the southwest gate of the temple, there are four seal characters of "first MI Hua", each of which is about 4 meters square. There are more than 60 stone Buddhas of Sui Dynasty on Qianfo cliff, which has a long history and high artistic value. To the east of Qianfo Mountain, there are carved stone Buddhas on fohui mountain. There is a Buddha niche at the foot of the main peak, in which there is a head Buddha statue, which is 7 meters high and 4 meters wide, commonly known as "Big Buddha head". This is a very rare stone carving. Qianfo Mountain is the remnant of Mount Tai, 285 meters above sea level, covering an area of 166.1 hectares, 2.5 kilometers away from the city center.

Main attractions

Myriad Buddha Hole

Located at the northern foot of Qianfo Mountain, Wanfo cave is one of the most famous scenic spots in Qianfo Mountain. It was built in 1992. Nearly 30000 Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, disciples and heavenly kings have been created. The largest reclining Buddha is 28 meters long, the Giant Buddha standing in front of the cave is 15 meters high, and the murals in the cave are more than 10000 square meters. The Buddha's cave is made up of four parts: Mogao collection, the essence of Longmen, Maiqi and Yungang. The cave, 500 meters long, records the historical changes of the development of Chinese Buddhism and contains profound cultural connotations.

Thousand-Buddha Cliffside Sculptures

On the thousand Buddha cliff, there are more than 130 Buddhist statues engraved from 587 to 595. Blissful cave is the main cave in the group of statues. In the middle of the cave, Amitabha sits on his knees. It is 3 meters high and is decorated with Buddhist light. On the right side, Dashi reaches Bodhisattva, on the left side, Guanyin stands by Bodhisattva, nearly 3 meters high. It was chiseled in the 11th year of kaihuang (591). Other caves are scattered on the wall outside the cave.

Qianfo Mountain cliff statues and inscriptions are located in Qianfo Mountain Scenic Area, including four scenic spots: Qianfo Mountain cliff statues, Kaiyuan Temple cliff statues, dafotou cliff statues and Huangshi cliff statues.

It is composed of Huangshi cliff statues, Xingguo Buddhist temple cliff statues, Kaiyuan Temple cliff statues, dafotou cliff statues, Qianlong tablet inscriptions of "Qianfo Mountain's most beautiful works" and "no cutting trees in Qianfo Mountain" in Qing Dynasty, Qianlong Lishan tablet inscriptions and Qingguang Xuding Baozhen 12 screen tablet inscriptions.

The cliff sculptures and inscriptions of Qianfo Mountain are located in Qianfo Mountain and fohui mountain. Many of them are located on the top of the mountain at an altitude of 350 meters. An ornamental trestle road was built under the statue of huangshiya.

Guanyin Garden

In the Guanyin garden, the steep rocks stand on the Bank of the pool, the rocks lie in waves, and the beautiful stones are decorated with ornaments. All around the shade, when the birds sing. The water in the pool is clear, the lotus is blooming, and the golden carp is playing. Inside the fountain, splashing beads discharge jade, rainbow yingri, grand view. Standing in the lotus pool is the "Baiyi Guanyin" with a height of 13 meters, which is the largest in Guanyin garden.

Qianlou cave

Qianlou cave is in the east of the blissful cave. A few meters deep, three fold after a rectangle, for artificial excavation, similar to the room, an area of 20 square meters, two meters high, in the middle of the original sitting. In the upper part of the cave, there is a stone carving with the big character "qianlou cave". Small characters record the life experience of qianlouzi

. On the stone wall of yingmen in the cave, there is also a tablet, which records the story of qianlouzi: "Mr. qiandang died, covered with cloth. If you cover your head, you can see it. Some people (Zeng XI) said on the day: 'if you slant the quilt, you will be buried. Qian Lou's wife day: "it's more inclined than it is right. It's not the intention of Mr. Wang to live and die.

Xingguo Temple

In Qianfo Mountain, covering an area of 3000 square meters, it is a famous incense resort in Shandong Province. According to the records of Shi Zhi in the seventh year of Chenghua (1471), the temple was destroyed by war. On August 3, the fourth year of Chenghua (1468), Su Xian, an official in the palace of Dewang, visited Qianfo Mountain and donated money to build Buddhist temples, monk houses, kitchens and granaries. Inside the hall, there are Sakyamuni, great compassion Avalokitesvara, dizang King Bodhisattva, eighteen Arhats and four heavenly kings. The gate of the temple faces west. On the forehead, Zhao Puchu, the former chairman of the Chinese Buddhist Association and calligrapher, inscribed "Xingguo Temple". Couplet stone inscription: "the evening drum and morning bell awaken the worldly celebrities, and the Buddha calls back the dream of the bitter sea.". On both sides of the door, there is the second floor of the bell and drum. On the south side of the entrance to the temple, there are many Buddha statues carved on the cliff. From west to East, there are Longquan cave, blissful cave, Dongtianfudi stone square and Duihua Pavilion. There are Maitreya hall, Guanyin hall, Dharma hall, jade Buddha Hall and Zen hall. Sakyamuni, Guanyin Bodhisattva and many Arhats are in the East Main Hall.

Eighteen Arhats

In 1996, eighteen Arhats and one Reclining Buddha were added to Qianfo Mountain, which were placed on both sides of the winding road and in the square.

Luohan is a disciple of Sakyamuni, the Buddha. He is instructed by the Buddha to live in the world forever. He is supported by others. He protects the Dharma for the Buddha and creates Futian for all. They have great abilities, some are dragon subduing, some are tiger subduing, some are lion binding, and some are demon catching, which are highly respected by people. In the Five Dynasties, the worship of arhat was very popular.

Arhat is the abbreviation of "arhat" in Sanskrit. The image of arhat began from the translation of FA Zhu Ji by Xuanzang in Tang Dynasty. Artists of all ages created art according to Buddhist classics. They were not up to standard and wrote works at will. Appearance is old or young, good or evil, beautiful or ugly. Imagination is rich and gives people a kind of artistic enjoyment.

The order of these Arhats is as follows: (1) binduroba Raja, (2) kanokava and Tsang, (3) kanoba lidaja, (4) supinda, (5) nojura, (6) batara, (7) karika, (8) Varovdora, (9) shboka, (10) bantoga, (11) lhurra, (12) nagasina, (13) ingjatra, (14) varnavas, (15) ashdodo, (16) zhudabantoga, (17) gasavaba, (18) nadamitara.

Reclining Buddha

Crouching Buddha settled in Qianfo Mountain in December 1996, at the junction of main shangpanshan road and Wanfo cave road. This Reclining Buddha, a granite reclining statue of Sakyamuni, is 10 meters long and weighs 50 tons. It lies horizontally from east to west, with its head facing east and North and its right hand under its head. It is wearing a Tonghu overcoat, with plump cheeks and two broad families. On its head, it has a bun, snails and hair, two ears hanging down, long eyebrows and eyes slightly open. It is decorated with the auspicious word "Swastika" (Yinwan), which gives people a kind feeling.

Longquan cave

It is located under the towering stone wall in the south of the west gate of Xingguo temple. Mountain wind blowing, whistling, such as the Dragon roar, hence the name. Liu Dashen, a poet of the Qing Dynasty, once wrote a poem "chanting the dragon spring cave", which said: "thousands of feet high in the rocks and forests, the old dragon always chants at the entrance of the cave. I do not know a few nights of autumn rain, and make a cold spring water depth.

Longquan cave, a seal stone carving above the cave entrance, is inscribed by Ren Xiaolu, a contemporary calligrapher in Jinan. The east side of the cave is connected with the blissful cave. The stone wall on the south side is engraved with a statue of Buddha, with the palms closed and the eyes closed. There is a small gate below. Inside the gate, there is a vertical pool, which is 2 meters deep. The water is clear and bottoms out. It does not dry up in the four seasons. In the past, monks drank this water to cook tea for tourists.

Maitreya court

Maitreya Shengyuan, located in the beautiful east foot of Qianfo, started in June 1999 and completed in September 2000. Covering an area of thirty thousand square meters, it is composed of sculpture "happy Maitreya Buddha", "Cherry Blossom Garden" and attached buildings. It combines the essence of China and Japanese garden architecture. The relief behind Maitreya Buddha is attached to the circular cliff, 36 meters long, 35 meters high, with an area of 126 square meters. Considering the legend and life achievement of Maitreya, it combines Indian Buddhism with Chinese Buddhist art, and combines orthodox Buddhist stories with Chinese folklore.

The main entrance of Maitreya Shengyuan is a four column three door arch, which is 9.9 meters high and 12.5 meters wide. The overall shape is solemn and broad, and the momentum is extraordinary. The main statue is the Chinese people

Chinese PinYin : Li Shan