Yeyahu Nature Reserve

Yeyahu Wetland Nature Reserve in Beijing

synonym

Yeyahu nature reserve generally refers to Beijing Yeyahu Wetland Nature Reserve

Beijing Yeyahu Wetland Nature Reserve is located in the northwest of Yanqing District, Beijing. It belongs to the transition zone from North China plain to Shanxi Plateau and Inner Mongolia Plateau. It is the transit station of the international bird migration route "East Asia Australia route".

The area was originally the lower reaches of Guishui River and Caijia River in the east of Yanqing Basin. Guanting reservoir was built in 1955, forming a huge artificial lake wetland. The reserve is located in the middle and upper reaches of the reservoir, with many gullies and bays. The total area of the reserve is 6873 hectares, including 3939 hectares of wetland. It is the largest wetland nature reserve in Beijing and the only wetland bird nature reserve. According to statistics, there are 280 bird species in Yeya Lake wetland, 9 species of national first-class protected animals (black stork, Oriental White Stork, white headed crane, great bustard, Golden Eagle, white tailed sea eagle, white shoulder eagle, white crane and Relict Gull), and 40 species of national second-class protected animals. There are 420 species of higher plants, 40 species of fish, 5 species of amphibians, 10 species of mammals and 182 species of insects.

Since July 29, 2016, Beijing Yeyahu Wetland Nature Reserve has been offering free tickets to servicemen and disabled servicemen.

Historical evolution

From 1992 to 1997, a holiday village was built in Yeya lake and a large number of alfalfa were planted.

Since 1997, the county-level Wetland Nature Reserve has been established.

In 2000, it was upgraded to a municipal Wetland Nature Reserve.

In 2006, approved by the State Forestry Administration, Beijing Yeyahu National Wetland Park was built in the experimental area of the nature reserve.

In 2012, after six years of wetland protection, restoration and construction, the first National Wetland Park in Beijing was built.

In 2013, it became the first National Wetland Park in Beijing. In 2013, it was approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national AAAA scenic spot, and the National Tourism Administration and the Ministry of environmental protection as the first batch of national tourism ecological demonstration zones in China.

geographical environment

position

Yeyahu Wetland Nature Reserve is located in the northwest of Beijing, which is a transitional zone from North China plain to Shanxi Plateau and Inner Mongolia Plateau. It is adjacent to Yanshan Mountains in the north, Taihang Mountains in the south, Huailai County in Hebei Province in the southwest, and the great Badaling wall in the southeast. The geographical location is between 115 ° 46 ′ 16 "~ 115 ° 59 ′ 48" E and 40 ° 22 ′ 04 "~ 40 ° 30 ′ 31" n.

climate

Yanqing District belongs to continental monsoon climate, which is the transition zone between temperate and middle temperate, semi-arid and semi humid. Due to the high altitude and the pocket shaped terrain opening to the southwest, the continental climate is characterized by four distinct seasons, dry and cold winter, less rain in summer, changeable weather in spring and autumn, and large temperature difference between day and night.

Yeyahu nature reserve is located in Yanqing Basin, about 15 kilometers away from the county seat, and generally belongs to the climate zone of Yanqing District.

Drought, flood, hail and gale may be the disastrous weather caused by the complex terrain of the reserve and its surrounding areas. Yanqing District is rich in light energy resources. The annual average sunshine hours of Sichuan district is 2806.5 hours / year, and the annual total solar radiation is 5288.82 MJ / m2 * year, which is the area with the highest sunshine and solar radiation in Beijing.

hydrology

The wetland in Yeya Lake area is composed of Guanting reservoir and Guishui River, reservoirs and ponds on the river, marshes around them and seasonal inundation areas. The main water systems in the region are Guishui River and Caijia River, and the middle and upper reaches of Guanting reservoir, which is the main water area in the region.

terrain

Yeyahu Wetland is located in the Yanqing Changping active fault area of Beishan uplift tectonic area, with an altitude of 470-600m. Its terrain is high in the northeast and low in the southwest. A large area of acidic bedrock is exposed in the area. The intrusion of rock mass is controlled by the direction of regional fault, and the Mesozoic crustal activity is intense. From the aspect of geomorphic type, it belongs to the accumulation structure geomorphic type, which is mainly formed by the flood impact of Guishui River, also known as Guishui plain, with flat terrain. The underlying strata are lacustrine and river facies gravel interbedding, which are continuously distributed with the alluvial fans around Yanqing.

soil

The reserve is a basin surrounded by mountains on three sides. In the division of soil improvement and utilization in Beijing, it belongs to cinnamon soil, fluvo cinnamon soil and cinnamon soil area of Yanqing Basin. The parent materials are proluvial material, proluvial alluvium and loess. The soil is composed of cinnamon soil, cinnamon soil and fluvo aquic cinnamon soil, part of fluvo aquic soil and salt fluvo aquic soil in the middle, and the soil fertility is low.

Regional scope

The total area of the reserve is 6873 hectares, including 3939 hectares of wetland,

Among them, the core area is 2145 hectares, the buffer area is 1247 hectares, the experimental area is 3481 hectares, and the total wetland area is 3939 hectares. It is the largest wetland nature reserve in Beijing and the first wetland bird nature reserve in Beijing.

Protection target

Botany

All kinds of aquatic, hygrophytic and terrestrial plants are widely distributed in the wetland of Yeya lake. Based on the classification principles of vegetation in China and wetland vegetation in China, the wetland vegetation of Yeya lake can be divided into three vegetation type groups, seven vegetation types, 47 formations and 420 species. It includes the national second-class protected plants (Orchidaceae) and wild soybeans, the Beijing protected plants Hualin and the only aquatic insectivorous plant in North China.

animal

As of 2013, the total number of bird species in Yeya Lake wetland has reached 280, including 9 species of national first-class protected animals (black stork, Oriental White Stork, white headed crane, great bustard, Golden Eagle, white tailed sea eagle, white shoulder eagle, white crane and Relict Gull), and 40 species of national second-class protected animals. There are 40 species of fish, 5 species of amphibians, 10 species of mammals, 182 species of insects and so on.

Management measures

Management organization

In August 2002, the county government reported to the Beijing Municipal People's government for approval of the establishment of the Management Office of Yeyahu Nature Reserve in Yanqing County, Beijing. The management office is a public institution directly under the county, and its organizational level is equivalent to that of the county bureau. The management office consists of an office, a management section, a development section, a patrol team, and a propaganda and education center, with a staff of 45.

Phytoremediation

When the nature reserve was established in 1997, due to the lack of funds and professional and technical personnel, the management department implemented a series of basic protection measures, including the construction of fences, boundary markers, billboards, moving out of fishing shacks, banning grazing and fishing, stopping motor ships such as yachts, and forbidding sand digging. By 2000, more than 13000 meters of fences, more than 3000 meters of protective ditches, and 10000 livestock such as cattle and sheep were built For the rest of the year, the land occupied by HaiHou farm in the buffer zone has been recovered, and the protection work has achieved initial results. The wetland vegetation has been effectively protected, and the number of wetland birds has gradually increased.

In 2005, Yeyahu Wetland Nature Reserve implemented the wetland protection and restoration project approved by Beijing Development and Reform Commission, built the first Wetland Museum in North China, and restored more than 300 hectares of wetland vegetation. In 2006, the State Forestry Administration approved the construction of Yeyahu Wetland Protection Project, completed the construction of more than 14000 meters of protection fence and 8.7 kilometers of patrol road in the northern area of the reserve (the junction of kangzhangqiao and Hebei Province), and restored more than 1400 hectares of wetland vegetation. Through the implementation and construction of the above wetland protection projects, a total of more than 1700 hectares of wetland have been restored.

In 2008, more than 20000 meters of protection fence was built, which made the natural restoration of more than 20000 mu of wetland habitat without human disturbance and damage. In 2009, according to the needs of vegetation restoration, a water diversion project was built. Through water replenishment and artificial replanting, the natural wetland landscape of thousand mu reed marsh in the north of the lake area was restored, and aquatic plants such as lotus and cattail were planted in the lake area and on the bank, creating a poetic mood of "endless green lotus leaves in the sky" and "bird singing in the deep reed marsh".

Epidemic prevention and control

Yeyahu Wetland is an important habitat for birds in Beijing and an important transfer station for migratory birds in North China. Over the years, Yeya lake has been strengthening its efforts in habitat restoration, avian influenza surveillance, daily patrol and Bird Rescue. In 2009, Yeya Lake established a remote wireless high-definition monitoring system to realize all-round monitoring of major bird habitats, further improving the overall ability and level of bird monitoring and protection.

Comprehensive value

Scientific research value

Since 2004, Yeyahu Nature Reserve has cooperated with the wetland research center of Capital Normal University and other scientific research institutions to complete the investigation of aquatic vascular plant community in Beijing (2004), the study of vascular plant flora in Beijing wetland (2004), the analysis of higher plant flora in Beijing wetland (2006) and other scientific research projects, and published a series of influential papers. According to the preliminary statistics, there are 16 scientific research papers related to Yeya Lake published from 2002 to 2008. The research contents include the diversity and dynamic distribution of insect community, the diversity of Yeya Lake Wetland in winter, the diet analysis of wintering crane in Yeya lake, the classification of wetland vascular plant diversity protection level, the study of plant leaf functional characteristics in Yeya Lake wetland, and the 3S technology-based study of Yeya Lake wetland The dynamic change of wetland resources around Yeya Lake based on RS and GIS

Chinese PinYin : Ye Ya Hu Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu