Great Xing'anling Hanma Nature Reserve

Hanma National Nature Reserve, Daxinganling, Inner Mongolia

synonym

The great Xing'anling Hanma nature reserve generally refers to the great Xing'anling Hanma National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia

Located in Jinhe Town, Genhe City, Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hanma National Nature Reserve of Great Xing'an Mountains is located in the hinterland of virgin forest on the northwest slope of the north section of Great Xing'an Mountains, with a total area of 107348 hectares. Bounded by the main ridge of Daxinganling Mountains in the East, it is adjacent to Heilongjiang huzhongguo National Nature Reserve, Ganhe Forestry Bureau in Inner Mongolia in the south, Jinhe Forestry Bureau and Alongshan Forestry Bureau in the West and North. The nature reserve is a forest ecological nature reserve with 294 species of wild animals, and 8 species of national first-class protected animals are sable, mink bear, musk deer, black billed grouse, white headed crane, Golden Eagle, Chinese merganser and white tailed sea eagle. There are 620 species of wild plants. There are 179 species of macrofungi. There are many rare wild animals and plants, which are of great significance in the protection of mammals and fish. "Hanma" means "source" in Ewenki language, that is, the source of the torrent river.

On June 9, 2015, the 27th session of the International Coordinating Council of UNESCO's "man and biosphere program" decided that the Great Xing'an Mountains Hanma National Nature Reserve and its adjacent areas in Inner Mongolia were officially designated as the World Biosphere Reserve.

In 2017, the Great Xing'an Mountains Hanma National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia was officially listed in the list of international important wetlands.

Historical evolution

At the beginning of 1954, the people's Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and the Ministry of forestry set the source of Niuer River (Hanma area) with the characteristics of primitive forest vegetation in Daxinganling as "Hanma no hunting and no logging area".

In 1958, the Ministry of forestry organized and compiled the "general plan for the development and construction of Daxinganling forest area", which planned Hanma area as "Larix gmelinii virgin forest ecosystem and bird and animal nature reserve".

In May 1979, the Revolutionary Committee of Heilongjiang Province officially confirmed Hanma Huzhong as Daxing'anling nature reserve by the document No. 25 of Longge office, and began to prepare for its construction. Due to the change of administrative divisions in Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia, Daxinganling nature reserve is divided into two parts (Hanma nature reserve and Huzhong nature reserve).

In May 1995, with the approval of the people's Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, it was promoted to an autonomous regional nature reserve.

In November 1996, it was promoted to a national nature reserve with the approval of the State Council.

In October 2006, with the approval of the State Forestry Administration, Hanma was listed as one of the 51 national demonstration reserves.

In October 2007, he joined the "Chinese people and biosphere reserve network organization".

In June 2015, the 27th session of the International Coordinating Council of UNESCO's "man and biosphere program" decided that the Great Xing'an Mountains Hanma National Nature Reserve and its adjacent areas in Inner Mongolia were officially designated as "World Biosphere Reserve".

In October 2015, it won the title of the first batch of "China forest oxygen bar".

In February 2018, it was approved by the Secretariat of the International Convention on wetlands and listed in the Ramsar Convention list of internationally important wetlands.

geographical environment

geographical position

Located in Jinhe Town, Genhe City, Hulun Buir, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hanma National Nature Reserve of Great Xing'an Mountains is located in the north of the west slope of the north section of Great Xing'an Mountains. Its geographical coordinates are 122 ° 23 ′ 34 ″ - 122 ° 52 ′ 46 ″ e, 51 ° 20 ′ 02 ″ - 51 ° 49 ′ 48 ″ n, adjacent to Huzhong National Nature Reserve of Heilongjiang Province in the East, Ganhe Forestry Bureau of Inner Mongolia in the South and Ganhe Forestry Bureau of Inner Mongolia in the West The north is connected with Jinhe Forestry Bureau and Alongshan Forestry Bureau. It is 82 km away from Jinhe town and 168 km away from Genhe City.

Geology and geomorphology

The Hanma nature reserve is located in the west side of the main ridge at the foot of the Great Xing'an Mountains, with an average altitude of 1000-1300m, the highest altitude of 1466m and the lowest altitude of 840m.

The geological system of the reserve is the Erguna trough Anticline of Daxinganling geosynclinal fold system in Inner Mongolia, which was formed in the Early Hercynian fault activation movement. Its rock series is mainly composed of intrusive and extrusive rocks of magmatic rocks, and the main rocks are granite, quartz trachyte, basalt, quartz porphyry, etc. Due to the different topography and vegetation, there are two types of brown coniferous forest soil and swamp soil. Among them, the brown coniferous forest soil includes four sub types: brown coniferous forest soil, grass brown coniferous forest soil, surface sub brown coniferous forest soil and coarse bone brown coniferous forest soil. Swamp soil includes meadow swamp soil and peat swamp soil. In addition, there is ice marsh soil under the larch forest on both sides of the valley.

hydrology

The main water body in the reserve is Talia River, belonging to Erguna river system, which is the main source of torrent River, the main tributary of Erguna river. The average river width is 20 meters and the average water depth is 80 cm. The sacred and broad Talia River, with its broad mind, merges 11 tributaries, such as ankura River, Xiken River, jinamijima River, sengai River and so on. It silently transports water for the nature reserve, and plays an important role in the water source of Heilongjiang and the ecological balance of the lower reaches of Heilongjiang.

climate

Hanma Nature Reserve has a cold temperate continental climate. Winter is cold and long, snow is deep, summer is cool and short, humid and rainy, spring is dry and windy, and temperature difference between seasons and day and night is large. The annual average temperature is - 5.3 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 35.4 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is - 49.6 ℃, the annual average relative humidity is 71%, the driest in March, April and may in spring, and the wettest in July, August and September in summer. The annual precipitation is about 450mm, mainly concentrated in July, August and September, accounting for about 70% of the total annual precipitation, and the annual sunshine hours are 2630.6 hours The altitude is higher than that of Mohe, the Arctic village. There is snow in the reserve for 10 months in a year, and the snow in some areas does not melt all the year round. The maximum snow depth is 50cm. Frost free period is only 80-100 days.

Regional scope

overview

The total area of the reserve is 107348 hectares, the core area is 46510 hectares, the buffer area is 37250 hectares, and the experimental area is 23588 hectares. The forest coverage rate in the reserve is as high as 88.4%.

core area

The core area is under absolute protection. Except for necessary patrol and inspection, no one is allowed to enter the core area, and no one is allowed to engage in any production and living activities, so that the ecosystem and wild animal and plant populations in the core area can naturally succeed and multiply under strict natural conditions. In principle, no project construction will be carried out in the core area. The total area of the core area is 46510 hectares, accounting for 43.3% of the total area of the reserve.

buffer

The buffer zone is under key protection, and no production or living activities are allowed in the buffer zone except for organized scientific research, teaching and investigation. In engineering construction, except for protection engineering and scientific research monitoring engineering, no engineering unrelated to protection, scientific research and teaching shall be set up. The buffer area is 37250 hectares, accounting for 34.7% of the total area of the reserve.

Experimental Area

The general protected area includes the experimental area and the periphery of the protected area. The area connecting the protected area and Jinhe forestry bureau is divided into the experimental area, which is used as the base for scientific research, investigation, teaching and tourism, with an area of 23588 hectares, accounting for 22% of the total area of the protected area.

Protection target

The main protected objects are bright coniferous forest in cold temperate zone and wild animals and plants inhabiting in the reserve.

Botany

According to the division of plant distribution areas in "vegetation of Inner Mongolia", the flora of Hanma Nature Reserve belongs to Eurasian coniferous forest flora, coniferous forest flora Province in the north of Daxinganling Mountains, and Daxinganling Mountain flora state. According to the statistics of scientific investigation, there are 620 species of wild plants in Hanma nature reserve, belonging to 296 genera and 110 families. There are 468 species of higher plants belonging to 222 genera and 88 families, including the national second-class key protected wild plants or rare and endangered plants such as Salix corniculata, Lithocarpus, astragalus, Cistanche deserticola, Paeonia grandiflora, etc. there are 9 species of key protected plants in the autonomous region. Among them, there are 22 species belonging to 14 genera and 10 families of pteridophytes, 74 species belonging to 41 genera and 33 families of bryophytes, 5 species belonging to 4 genera and 2 families of gymnosperms, 412 species belonging to 194 genera and 52 families of dicotyledons and 107 species belonging to 43 genera and 13 families of Monocotyledons. There are three national level II key protected wild plants: Chosenia arbutifolia, Myriophyllum ussuriense and sagittarianatans; and the regional level protected plants are Pinus sylvestris and Pinus sylvestris（ Pinussylvestrisvar.mongolica ）Astragalus mongholicus, Dracocephalum amurense, oxycoccus microcarpus, Vaccinium Vitis idaea ）The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two species

Chinese PinYin : Da Xing An Ling Han Ma Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu