Shilongmen Manor

Shilongmen Manor

Shilongmen manor, a municipal cultural relic protection unit in Chongqing, is an important part of Tanghe ancient town, a national famous historical and cultural town, with very important historical, artistic and scientific values. The manor was built in the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, with a West to east block. It covers an area of 13200 square meters and a building area of 7300 square meters. The manor has been completed by the Chen family for several generations. The overall layout is built according to the economic strength and development level of the Chen family as well as the topography, forming a unique architectural pattern. During the fifth generation of Chen Baoshan (about 1850-1900), the economic strength of the Chen family increased rapidly. Centering on the houses built during the period of Chen Yanfeng, the family expanded freely to the East, South and North, and built two walls, five gates and 18 single courtyards. Between the inner and outer walls, there are some ancillary buildings, such as bullpen, stable and firewood house. On the outside of the outer wall are the fields, ancestral halls, schools, horse racing fields, tennis courts, tenant houses and other facilities belonging to the owners of the manor.

geographical position

Shilongmen manor is located in shilongmen, group 2, Shilong village, Tanghe Town, Jiangjin District, Chongqing.

106 ° 03 ″ 10.3 'e, 28 ° 58 ″ 59.1' n.

Brief introduction of cultural relics

Shilongmen manor, a municipal cultural relic protection unit in Chongqing, is an important part of Tanghe ancient town, a national famous historical and cultural town, with very important historical, artistic and scientific values. The manor was built in the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, with a West to east block. It covers an area of 13200 square meters and a building area of 7300 square meters. The manor has been completed by the Chen family for several generations. The overall layout is built according to the economic strength and development level of the Chen family as well as the topography, forming a unique architectural pattern. During the fifth generation of Chen Baoshan (about 1850-1900), the economic strength of the Chen family increased rapidly. Centering on the houses built during the period of Chen Yanfeng, the family expanded freely to the East, South and North, and built two walls, five gates and 18 single courtyards. Between the inner and outer walls, there are some ancillary buildings, such as bullpen, stable and firewood house. On the outside of the outer wall are the fields, ancestral halls, schools, horse racing fields, tennis courts, tenant houses and other facilities belonging to the owners of the manor.

Historical evolution

Jiangjin was the land of Ba state in ancient times, and Jiangzhou county was established in the fifth year of Yongming (487 AD) of Qi Wudi in the northern and Southern Dynasties. In the Western Wei Dynasty (553-557), Jiangzhou county was changed to Jiangyang County, and the county government was located at the present boxikou of Jiangjin; in the first year of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (557), the county government was moved to Jijiang, and in the 18th year of kaihuang of Sui Dynasty (598 AD), Jiangyang county was changed to Jiangjin County because it was located in the main part of the Yangtze River. In Qing Dynasty, Jiangjin County was divided into three li, namely, Zhuxi Li, Dushi Li and Sishan Li. Every mile is divided into four capitals, and the whole county has 12 capitals, with a capital under them. Tanghe is the top ten capital of sishanli. In the early years of the Republic of China, the Qing system was followed. In the 10th year of the Republic of China, it belonged to Shiquan town. In the 30th year of the Republic of China, it was built as a township. After liberation, it was still a township under the jurisdiction of Yongxing District. In 1994, it was withdrawn from the district and merged with the township, and Tanghe town was built. In 2001, Jiangjin readjusted the scale of towns and established Tanghe town. Shilongmen ancient village has been subordinate to Tanghe town since Qing Dynasty.

Building site selection

In the site selection and planning of shilongmen manor, from a practical point of view, the relationship between environment and function is well dealt with. It is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

First, we pay great attention to microclimate in site selection. Shilongmen manor is surrounded by mountains on three sides with high vegetation coverage. The mountain is the barrier to the West and north of the manor, and the terrain to the East and south is relatively open, which makes the northwest cold wind small in winter and valley wind in summer. The temperature in the manor is not too low in winter and not too hot in summer. At the same time, it is not too wet and dry.

Second, the site should be close to water conservancy to avoid flood. The manor is close to the Tanghe River, close to the water source, but the terrain is higher than the flood level of the Tanghe River. Close to the water source, on the one hand, it is convenient for production and domestic water, on the other hand, it can be used in case of fire.

The third is to consider the social environment. The manor is located at the junction of Jiangjin, Yongchuan and Hejiang counties, thus forming a remote "three no matter" zone. The Chen family built a Grand Manor here, which has a certain influence.

Fourth, the location should pay attention to smooth traffic. The manor is only 1km away from Tanghe River, which is very convenient for water transportation. It is 10 kilometers from manor land to Baisha wharf. Relying on the convenient land and water transportation, the Chen family can not only make rapid and convenient contact with the outside world, but also bring a larger area under the control of the Chen family.

5、 Architectural decoration art

Although shilongmen manor is a group of typical Bashu courtyard style residential courtyards, its architectural details, on the basis of maintaining the decorative characteristics of local residential buildings, use a large number of decorative techniques of residential buildings in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, especially the setting of carved balustrade at the foot of the wall, which is rare for residential buildings in Sichuan and Chongqing. The fire sealing wall of the manor adopts two styles, showing the characteristics of inclusiveness and harmonious coexistence. The window lattice of the manor is a typical Su style, with varied patterns and exquisite carvings. One is the Ruyi style fire sealing wall, which is more common in the local area, and its shape is as beautiful and smooth as the arch back; the other is Hui's horse head wall style, which is dignified and elegant. Two kinds of fire sealing walls complement each other, forming a unique architectural decoration effect.

In addition, the wood arch, architectural painting and stone pillar base of the manor also have high artistic value.

6、 Building drainage system

The drainage system of the manor is a part of the main building, which plays a very important role in the safety of the main building of the manor. According to the field investigation, the drainage ditch of the manor is divided into sunny ditch and sewer, with the layout of high in the center, low in the north and south, high in the West and low in the East. The terminal outlet of the drainage channel is set in the northeast and southeast corner, and is still in use. The design and layout of the drainage system of the manor is reasonable, so that a large amount of domestic water and rainwater can be discharged smoothly without blocking the patio.

7、 Building fire protection system

The fire control system of the manor is relatively perfect, most of the damaged buildings are in disrepair and collapse in the later period, and no building damage caused by fire is found. The reason is mainly reflected in the scientific nature of the functional zoning of the manor. The houses with inflammable materials are set up separately and separated from the manor buildings, which can alleviate the possibility of large-scale fire to a certain extent. In addition, each patio is also equipped with water tanks, and the kitchen is equipped with ash boxes, which can quickly remedy local fires.

8、 Selection of manor building materials

The selection of manor materials follows the principle of close to nature and local materials. Rammed earth is the most basic raw material of shilongmen manor. Both the house foundation and rammed earth wall are made by ramming for many times and adding special formula. The rammed earth wall is compact and has high strength, with traces of chaff shell, bamboo bar, glutinous rice slurry and other materials. Rammed earth is simple, plastic, load-bearing, and has a certain degree of thermal insulation.

The main frame of the manor is mostly made of local camphor, cypress, fir, etc. the material is light and easy to process. It is mostly used as roof rafters, purlins and decorative materials. Stone is mostly used in platform foundation, column foundation, paving, wall and other parts prone to decay and damage.

9、 Value

Shilongmen manor is the largest landlord manor in Jiangjin and even in Chongqing, with about 500 houses. The manor is magnificent, with overlapping courtyards in order. The houses are dense, row upon row, integrated, well-made, simple in shape, and highly skilled in various brick carvings, stone carvings and color paintings. The manor not only presents the typical characteristics of traditional residential buildings in Sichuan and Chongqing, but also provides material materials for the study of the inheritance and integration of architectural decoration style in immigration activities. In the historical manor of Sichuan and Chongqing, it has a typical representative in terms of historical value, architectural art, science and other values.

Address: shilongmen village, Tanghe Town, Jiangjin District, Chongqing

Longitude: 106.038396

Latitude: 28.979199

Chinese PinYin : Shi Long Men Zhuang Yuan