Gaozhou reservoir

Gaozhou reservoir is located in the northeast of Gaozhou City, 30 kilometers away from the urban area. Gaozhou reservoir, also known as Yuhu, is a picture of mountains and rivers. There is also a "green water villa" built on the hillside of Gaozhou reservoir, with a panoramic view of the lakes and mountains. It has the unique natural conditions of "welcoming the rising sun in the East, sending the setting sun in the west, catching the moon with several stars, bathing in the wind and bathing in the green". Gaozhou reservoir is a famous tourist and holiday resort in western Guangdong.

Gaozhou reservoir

Gaozhou reservoir is located in Dajing River and Caojiang River, the tributaries of upper Jianjiang River in the northeast of Gaozhou City, Guangdong Province. It is connected by Liangde and shigu reservoirs through longtouao connecting channel. It is a large reservoir mainly for industrial water and farmland irrigation, combined with comprehensive utilization of flood control, power generation, shipping, fish culture, etc. The total catchment area is 1022 square kilometers and the total storage capacity is 1.15 billion cubic meters.

From the late 1950s to the early 1960s, powerful construction teams were organized in Gaozhou County, Huazhou County, Dianbai County and the suburbs of Maoming City to gather in the upper reaches of Jianjiang River for the grand Gaozhou reservoir project and the irrigation project benefiting five counties and one city. Gaozhou reservoir project impounded 1.15 billion cubic meters of water and irrigated 1.18 million mu of farmland. After the completion of the reservoir, the industrial water supply in Maoming City was solved, and the flood and drought disasters in Jianjiang plain were relieved. Without today's large-scale machinery and equipment, the construction of reservoirs and irrigation projects in those years had to rely on hand, shoulder and cart to push and work hard.

Main attractions

Gaozhou reservoir, also known as Yuhu, is a picture of mountains and rivers. There is also a "green water villa" built on the hillside of Gaozhou reservoir, with a panoramic view of the lakes and mountains. It has the unique natural conditions of "welcoming the rising sun in the East, sending the setting sun in the west, catching the moon with several stars, bathing in the wind and bathing in the green". Gaozhou reservoir is a famous tourist and holiday resort in western Guangdong.

The origin of construction

Twentieth Century

In the early 1950s, when the state decided to develop Maoming oil shale resources, it was necessary to solve the problem of water source of 15 cubic meters per second. The Ministry of fuel industry proposed to build a reservoir in the upper reaches of Jianjiang River to regulate water flow. In 1954, the Department of water resources of Guangdong Province was entrusted to provide data for the establishment of the database. In 1955, the Provincial Department of water resources put forward the task plan of Jianjiang water diversion project in Maoming industrial zone and the investigation report of Dabai reservoir. It is suggested that shigu fenbian village of Maoming should open a channel to divert Jianjiang water into Gongguan river near Jintang, and build Dabai reservoir in Caojiang, an upstream tributary of Jianjiang River.

In 1956, the Guangzhou survey and Design Institute of the Ministry of water resources carried out a comprehensive survey and planning of the Jianjiang River Basin, and proposed the construction of Liangde reservoir. The Preparatory Office of Maoming shale oil plant entrusted Guangzhou survey and Design Institute of the Ministry of water resources to be responsible for the design, and team 130 of Zhongnan Coalfield Geological Exploration Bureau of the Ministry of coal carried out geological exploration.

The design of Liangde reservoir project started in July 1957. In March 1958, the Ministry of water resources organized Soviet experts to inspect the site and confirmed the project layout and related major technical problems. The project design assignment was approved by Guangdong Provincial Planning Commission on May 7, 1958. In order to give full play to the local initiative, Guangdong Provincial Committee allocated 30 million yuan of state investment for the construction of Liangde reservoir to Zhanjiang area.

In September 1958, Zhanjiang Prefecture Party committee, Maoming county Party committee and Provincial Department of water resources and electric power studied and reported to the provincial Party Committee for approval, using the surplus funds of Liangde reservoir and self raised funds to build a reservoir in Caojiang, a tributary of Jianjiang Dajing river of Liangde reservoir. The dam site is 500 meters downstream of shiguwei, named shigu reservoir. In September 1959, Liangde reservoir was completed. In July of the next year, shigu reservoir was completed. In September, the longtou'ao connecting channel was opened. Since then, the two reservoirs have been connected and mutually adjusted, which is collectively known as Gaozhou reservoir.

Reservoir characteristics

Gaozhou reservoir is composed of Liangde reservoir and shigu reservoir. Liangde reservoir has a catchment area of 497 square kilometers with a total storage capacity of 646 million cubic meters; shigu reservoir has a catchment area of 525 square kilometers with a total storage capacity of 502 million cubic meters. After the two reservoirs are connected, the designed normal high water level is 90.0 meters, the total catchment area is 1022 square kilometers, and the total storage capacity is 1.148 billion cubic meters.

Key project

Liangde hydroproject has 6 main and auxiliary dams, 1 water conveyance tunnel, 1 open spillway and 1 power station behind the dam. The main dam is a sand soil mixed dam with sand shell, cutoff wall at the upstream of dam axis and filter drainage prism at dam toe. The dam crest elevation is 93.5m and the maximum dam height is 43.2m. The crest of the dam is 320 meters long and 7 meters wide with a 1 meter high masonry wave wall. The upstream slope is protected by dry block stone, and the downstream slope is protected by turf. There are five auxiliary dams with the maximum height of 13.8m and the minimum height of 4m. The clear width of the open spillway is 16m, the length of the downstream steep slope is 145m, and the two hole radial steel gate is set for control, with the maximum design discharge of 520 cubic meters per second. Flip flop energy dissipation is adopted. The water conveyance tunnel is 304 meters long and 4 meters in diameter. The entrance is controlled by a flat gate, and the designed maximum water conveyance flow is 70 cubic meters per second. There are two installed units in Bahou hydropower station, with a capacity of 10000 kW.

Shigu hydroproject has one main dam, two auxiliary dams, one open spillway, one water conveyance culvert and one power station behind the dam. The main dam is a composite roller compacted earth dam with a crest elevation of 93.7m, a maximum dam height of 52.7m, a crest length of 775m and a width of 6m. The auxiliary dams are: Ligeng auxiliary dam, with a maximum height of 39.2 meters and a crest length of 318 meters; trigeminal pond auxiliary dam, with a maximum height of 32.2 meters and a crest length of 165 meters. The open spillway is located on the right bank of the main dam, with a clear width of 32 meters, 4 holes, 8 × 6.7 meters steel radial gate, and a maximum discharge of 1510 cubic meters per second. Three level stilling basin is set for energy dissipation. The water conveyance culvert is located in the auxiliary dam of trigeminal pond. It is a buried pipe under the dam, which is divided into two sections: the front section is reinforced concrete pipe, the back section is two layers inside and outside, the outer layer is reinforced concrete horseshoe shaped corridor, the clearance height is 4.6m, and the inner layer is reinforced concrete pressure pipe with inner diameter of 3M. The intake tower is equipped with a circular gate, and the outlet is controlled by a flat plate gate. The designed maximum water delivery flow is 60 cubic meters per second, and the installed capacity of the power station behind the dam is 2 × 3000 kW.

Irrigation project

Liangde Irrigation District: the multi head system of water diversion irrigation is adopted for the graded damming along Jianjiang River. From 1957 to 1967, six barrages including yangdipo (also known as Gaozhou), Nansheng, Jiangbiancun, Gaoling, Jimei and Wuyang were built, with a designed annual water diversion capacity of 470 million cubic meters. Irrigation Gaozhou, Huazhou, Maoming (now Maonan District), Wuchuan four counties 624000 mu of farmland.

Shigu irrigation area: there are main canals such as the main trunk, the north trunk, the East trunk, the West trunk and the Dianmao trunk. Irrigate 556000 mu of farmland in Gaozhou, Maoming (now Maonan District) and Dianbai. The main canal is 14.6 km long.

There are 448 main and branch canals in the above two irrigation areas, with a total length of 1300 km and 3854 bridges, culverts, aqueducts and other buildings. The total irrigation area is 1.18 million mu.

engineering construction

Liangde reservoir started construction on May 18, 1958 and was basically completed on September 24, 1959. The construction of Shigu reservoir is divided into two phases: the first phase started on October 14, 1958. According to the temporary section, a unilateral dam with bottom width of 110m, top width of 2m, height of 24m and crest elevation of 66m is constructed. It ended in August 1959. The second phase of the project started on October 1, 1959 and was completed on July 16, 1960. On September 29 of the same year, longtou'ao connecting channel was opened, but it did not meet the design standard. After years of construction, by 1987, the bottom width of the channel was 40 meters, the bottom elevation was 81.5 meters, and the slope was 1:1.

The construction of Liangde reservoir project is organized by Zhanjiang Municipal Committee. The reservoir project headquarters was established on May 1, 1958, under the command of Mo Huai, the Commissioner of Zhanjiang district. Yu Shichao was assigned by the Provincial Department of water resources as the chief designer and chief engineer, and Chen Guogan as the deputy chief engineer to take charge of the construction. At the same time, 40 technical cadres were assigned. In Maoming, 59 cadres were transferred and 33 cadres were temporarily employed. A total of 133 cadres organized the construction. The construction technicians and machinery are allocated by the Engineering Bureau of the Provincial Department of water resources, and the migrant workers are organized by Maoming county (later Maoming and Xinyi are merged into Gaozhou county). By August 1958, there were nearly ten thousand migrant workers and 359 cadres.

Shigu reservoir project was established in September 1958. At that time, it was the "Dabai reservoir project headquarters", with Han Baodong as the commander, and later changed to shigu reservoir project headquarters. There are more than 24000 migrant workers in the peak period of the first phase of the project. The second phase of the project was resumed in October 1959. At that time, Liangde reservoir was completed, and the headquarters and the migrant workers transferred to shigu, which was collectively known as the headquarters of Gaozhou reservoir project. The migrant workers are from Gaozhou county. In December of the same year, 48000 people were on duty. In October 1962, the general headquarters of irrigation area project was established, with Lai Hongwei, member of Zhanjiang Standing Committee and first Secretary of Gaozhou county Party committee as the General Commander. The general headquarters consists of three headquarters: Gaozhou, Dianbai and Maoming, with 3000 cadres and 120000 migrant workers entering the construction site.

In 1962, from the beginning to the management of the reservoir area project, a total of 9.17 million cubic meters of earthwork, 531000 cubic meters of stonework and 65600 cubic meters of concrete were completed; 8.855 million working days of labor were used; 937 tons of steel, 8610 tons of cement and 22000 cubic meters of timber were used; and 44.81 million yuan of work was used, including 31.64 million yuan invested by the state and 13.16 million yuan raised by the local government. The reservoir area inundated 39500 mu of cultivated land and 58800 people were resettled.

The total investment in the reservoir area is 86.61 million yuan

Chinese PinYin : Gao Zhou Shui Ku