Xiangtou Mountain

Xiangtoushan National Nature Reserve

synonym

Xiangtoushan generally refers to Xiangtoushan National Nature Reserve

Xiangtoushan National Nature Reserve, located in Boluo County, north of Huizhou City, is 18 kilometers away from Huizhou City and close to the Tropic of cancer. It is a rare oasis on the Tropic of cancer. In December 1998, the people's Government of Guangdong Province approved the establishment of Xiangtoushan provincial nature reserve. On July 2, 2002, it was promoted to the National Nature Reserve: the core area is 3635.6 hectares, accounting for 34% of the total area, and the forest coverage rate is 88.4%; the buffer area is 3996.6 hectares, and the experimental area is 3064.7 hectares. It is a nature reserve of forest ecological type, and the main protected objects are south subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest and wild animals and plants.

Historical evolution

In December 1998, the people's Government of Guangdong Province approved the establishment of Xiangtoushan provincial nature reserve.

On July 2, 2002, it was promoted to a national nature reserve.

geographical environment

Location context

Xiangtoushan National Nature Reserve is located in the north of Huizhou City, BOLUO County, 18 kilometers away from Huizhou City, close to the Tropic of cancer. The total area is 10696.9 hectares, of which the core area is 3635.6 hectares, accounting for 34% of the total area, and the forest coverage rate is 88.4%; the buffer area is 3996.6 hectares, and the experimental area is 3064.7 hectares.

Geology and geomorphology

Guangdong Xiangtoushan National Nature Reserve is located in the Xiangtoushan mountain area in the middle of Boluo county. It is a mountainous forest landscape, mainly low mountains and hills. Most of them are mountains and deep canyons with an altitude of 400-800m, and there are hills with an altitude of less than 400m only in the marginal zone. Although this area is low mountains and hills, because it belongs to the rising area of neotectonic movement, the mountains are steep, the valleys are deep, the terrain is dangerous, and the terrain gradient is great, forming a great contrast with the surrounding low mountains and plains. From the highest point of crab eye top to the lowest point of Taimei old polder in the East, the relative elevation difference is more than 1000m, and the terrain gradient is 9.2%, which is the largest in Boluo county.

hydrology

The surface hydrology of this area belongs to Dongjiang River Basin. Surface water is distributed in the form of rivers, reservoirs and ponds, and flows to the east or Southeast. The river network density is 1.3-2.1km. The variation of river flow is related to the seasonal variation. The wet season is from April to September, and the dry season is from October to March. There are more than 40 streams and 10 reservoirs in the area.

climate

This area belongs to typical subtropical humid monsoon climate, with sufficient light, abundant heat, abundant precipitation, humid air, divided into dry and wet seasons, short dry season, long wet season, long plant growth period, long frost free period, wind direction changes with seasons, great difference in vertical climate change, different days on the mountain and under the mountain. The annual average temperature in the area is 16.0-21.7 ℃; the coldest in January or February, the monthly average temperature is 7.2-13.3 ℃; the hottest in August, the monthly average temperature is 22.5-27.2 ℃; the extreme minimum temperature is - 6.6 ℃ (jigongtian, December 11, 1985); the extreme maximum temperature is 35.1 ℃ (administration, June 22, 1985). The frost free period is 365 days, the growth period under the mountain is 365 days, and the growth period on the mountain is 345 days. The annual precipitation in the area is 2318.5mm, with great interannual variation. The year with the most precipitation is 3516mm, and the year with the least precipitation is 1012mm. The annual average relative humidity is 80%. In short, the comfort period is long and the climate is comfortable.

Protection target

Protected objects

Botany

There are 1647 species of vascular plants (bryophytes not investigated) in the nature reserve (including 92 well-growing and long-term introduced species). Among them, there are 113 species belonging to 63 genera and 36 families of pteridophytes, 14 species belonging to 11 genera and 9 families of gymnosperms (7 species belonging to 5 families and 5 genera in natural distribution), 1520 species belonging to 696 genera and 172 families of angiosperms (1432 species belonging to 607 genera and 161 families in natural distribution).

There are many rare and endangered species in the nature reserve, such as Gemu, Banfenghe and Alsophila spinulosa, which were listed in the list of national key protected plants (the first batch) published in 1999. In addition, 11 species such as tourniquet wood and Maocha are listed in the list of rare and endangered plants in China (Volume I). There are 16 species of protected plants in the area except for repetitive species, including Amentotaxus fortunei, Gemu, Castanopsis fargesii, Pteris semipinnatifida, Aquilaria sinensis, Morinda officinalis, Phellodendron amurense, sightseeing wood, Cinnamomum cassia, Maocha, Alsophila spinulosa, golden dog, cycadium, Cinnamomum camphora and Toona sinensis. There are abundant orchids in the reserve. According to incomplete statistics, there are 45 species.

The nature reserve is also a concentrated distribution area of endemic species in South China. There are about 360 species of endemic plants in South China, such as Phoebe kwangtungensis, Celastrus cantonensis, Ophiopogon cantonensis, thoroughbred tree of Guangdong and Guangdong provinces, crayonwood xiaoguoensis, Schima superba, Schima semipinnatifida, Castanopsis fargesii, Celastrus chinensis var.

animal

There are 305 species of terrestrial vertebrate wildlife in the nature reserve, belonging to 4 classes, 23 orders, 75 families, with rich species diversity of wild animals and plants. Among the 305 species of wildlife, there are 224 species of Oriental realm, 45 species of Palaearctic realm and 36 species of widely distributed species, accounting for 73.44%, 14.75% and 11.80% respectively. There are 34 species of national key protected animals in the nature reserve, accounting for 11.80% of 305 species of wildlife 15%, accounting for 29.57% of the 115 national key protected species in Guangdong Province. Among them, clouded leopard and python are the first class protected animals, while tiger frog, three line closed shell turtle, kite, sparrow hawk, goshawk, red bellied hawk, windhead hawk, brown eared hawk, sparrow hawk, crested Falcon, common buzzard, kestrel, swallow falcon, peregrine falcon, Silver Pheasant, green dove, brown winged crow, little crow, Grass Owl and chestnut are the second class protected animals There are 32 species, including owl, spotted head bunting, collar bunting, Hawk Owl, red horned owl, collar horned owl, carved owl, pangolin, green weasel, little civet, big civet, otter and Sumen antelope. There are many kinds of rare animals. There are 210 kinds of wild animals in the area, which belong to "terrestrial wild animals that are beneficial to national protection or have important economic and scientific research value", and the economic animal resources are rich. There are 72 species of fish.

Protect content

Contents of plant protection

① There are various types of plant communities in the reserve, especially the subtropical evergreen monsoon rain forest in low mountains and valleys and the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in mountainous areas. These two types of forests are relatively stable ecosystems in the region, so they should be strictly protected. No cutting or digging of any plants or hunting is allowed.

② Protect rare and endangered plants. According to the relevant national documents, there are more than 50 species of protected plants in this area, including Alsophila spinulosa, golden dog, cycadium, Gemu, Banfenghe, baimuxiang, mucilaginous wood, Morinda officinalis, changyezhubai, Castanopsis fargesii, sightseeing wood, camphor, Ailanthus altissima, and orchids (more than 40 species).

③ There are 19 endemic plants in Guangdong Province, including ormosia boluoensis, Ilex xiaojinensis and rosalaevigata var.leiocarpus ）The other endemic species in Guangdong are Machilus kuangtungensis and enrya Disticha, Tutcheria greeniae, Reevesia lofouensis, Reevesia longipetiolata, sterculia subnobilis, ormosia glaberrima, Vaccinium hancockiae and Lasianthus Fordii), Mussaenda kwangtungensis, Saussurea populia, Bulbophyllum kwangtungense, Eragrostis nevinii, Helicia kwangtungensis and mecodinum lofoushanense.

④ The natural environment ecosystem is a unified and interdependent whole in a certain time and space, between the biological and abiotic components, through continuous material circulation and energy flow. Therefore, it is unscientific and impossible to simply protect plants and their communities, and their living environment must be strictly protected.

Content of animal protection

① The principles of wildlife protection planning are as follows:“

Chinese PinYin : Xiang Tou Shan