Meihuashan National Nature Reserve

Fujian Meihuashan National Nature Reserve

synonym

Meihuashan National Nature Reserve generally refers to Fujian Meihuashan National Nature Reserve

Meihuashan Nature Reserve was established with the approval of Fujian Provincial People's Government in April 1985 and listed as a national forest and Wildlife Nature Reserve with the approval of the State Council in May 1988. The reserve is located in the southwest of Fujian Province. It is the main part of Daimao mountain between the southern section of Wuyi Mountain and bopingling mountain. It is the junction of Shanghang, Liancheng and Longyan counties (cities). It is commonly known as "meihuashibadong" ”。

Historical evolution

Before 1939, it belonged to Tiechang Township, Changting County. Meihuashan Nature Reserve has a unique geographical location and abundant wildlife resources.

In order to protect the precious forest ecosystem and unique natural landscape of Meihua Mountain.

In May 1985, the people's Government of Fujian Province approved the establishment of Meihuashan Nature Reserve in Western Fujian.

In September 1988, with the approval of the State Council, Meihuashan Nature Reserve was upgraded to the National Forest and Wildlife Nature Reserve.

In February 1992, the former Ministry of forestry and the World Wide Fund for nature jointly held a seminar on the priority areas of nature conservation in China, in which "the area with the largest number of existing South China tigers and the most frequent activities" was identified as a world class a nature reserve with global impact and international significance.

In November 1992, at the second symposium of China's biodiversity conservation action plan, the protected areas were listed in the "list of priority protected ecosystems in China" and "priority protected areas of forest ecosystems" of the "biodiversity conservation action plan of the people's Republic of China" with "rich species, many endemic species, and the floristic intersection of central China, South China and East China in East Asia" ”In 1993, he joined the network of Chinese people and biosphere reserves.

In 1998, according to the spirit of the "notice on Further Strengthening the management of national nature reserves" issued by the State Forestry Administration, the administrative office of Fujian Meihuashan National Nature Reserve was renamed "Fujian Meihuashan National Nature Reserve Management Bureau" with the approval of the organization establishment committee of Longyan municipal Party committee.

geographical environment

Location context

The nature reserve is located in the southwest of Fujian Province. It is the main body of Daimao mountain between the southeast slope of the southern section of Wuyi Mountains and Daiyun mountains. It is the junction of Xinluo, Liancheng and Shanghang counties (districts). It is commonly known as "meihuashibadong". It is between 116 ° 45 ′ 25 ″ ~ 116 ° 57 ′ 33 ″ E and 25 ° 15 ′ 14 ″ ~ 25 ° 35 ′ 44 ″ n. The nature reserve is 20 km wide from east to west and 19 km long from north to south, with a total area of 22168.5 hectares.

landforms

The nature reserve is the main part of the hawksbiao mountain in the west of Fujian Province. The landform is mainly in the middle of the mountain. The terrain is high in the middle, low around, high in the west, and low in the East. The average altitude is 900 meters. There are more than 70 peaks over 1000 meters. The highest Shimen mountain is 1811 meters above sea level, with a relative height difference of 1436 meters. In terms of geotectonics, it is a part of the Yongmei depression belt Rock intrusion and the development of fault structure make the terrain cut and broken.

climate

The reserve is located in the southern edge of the mid subtropical zone, close to the ocean, and often affected by the southeast Ocean warm and humid air flow. In addition, Wuyi Mountains in the northwest and Daiyun mountains in the southeast act as natural barriers to block and intercept the cold current southward and the inflow of Ocean warm and humid air, forming the characteristics of warm winter and cool summer, and relatively stable temperature and humidity. The annual average temperature is 13-18 ℃, the maximum monthly average temperature is 22.9-23.8 ℃, the minimum monthly average temperature is 7.5-8.3 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 35 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is - 5.5 ℃, the annual active accumulated temperature of monthly average temperature ≥ 10 ℃ is 4500-5100 ℃, and the annual sunshine hours is about 1920 hours. Meihua Mountain is one of the rainstorm centers in Fujian Province. It has a long rainfall period, abundant rainfall and heavy rainfall intensity. The average annual rainfall is 1700-2200mm, the relative humidity is 70-96%, the frost period is 75 days, and the frost day is 15-25 days.

hydrology

There are faulted valleys and faulted basins between the mountains. They are part of the upstream water system of Jiulong River, Tingjiang River and Minjiang River. They are the watershed of Minjiang River, Tingjiang River and Jiulong River. They are commonly known as "flowing three rivers". Due to the influence of complex geological structure and flowing water cutting, and the dense forest cover, the unique natural air conditioning and biological reservoir in West Fujian is formed.

Functional regionalization

According to the function, the reserve is divided into core area, buffer area and experimental area. The total area is 22168.5 hectares, including 7041.7 hectares of core area, 2443.1 hectares of buffer area and 2683.7 hectares of experimental area.

Biological resources

Botany

The floristic composition of Meihuashan Nature Reserve is complex. The floristic composition of Meihuashan Nature Reserve is characterized by the transition from the south edge of the middle subtropical zone to the south subtropical zone. The typical subtropical forest vegetation consists of 11 vegetation types, including subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest, mixed forest of conifer, broadleaf and bamboo, bamboo forest, subtropical mountain shrub and grass, and 63 flora. There are 184 species, 734 genera and 1628 species of vascular plants in the area. Among them, 23 species of tourniquet, Fokienia hodginsii, calyx and Cymbidium are in the national key protection area, and more than 60 species of rare plants are in the area.

animal

Meihuashan Nature Reserve is located in the north central region of the Asian boundary between China and India in the Oriental world. It is transitional to the Middle Asia in the Palaearctic world and contains abundant wildlife. There are 362 species of terrestrial wildlife, 66 species of 20 families of mammals, 198 species of 40 families of 17 orders of birds, 69 species of 40 genera of 10 families of 3 orders of reptiles, 29 species of 8 families of 2 orders of amphibians, 65 species of 51 genera of 14 families of 5 orders of fish, 27 species of 15 families of 4 orders of shellfish, 170 species of 32 families of 9 orders of zooplankton, more than 2000 species of 150 families of 20 orders of insects and 116 species of macrofungi.

Protected objects

Botany

There are 1628 species (including varieties and subspecies) of vascular plants belonging to 734 genera and 184 families (for the list, please refer to the list of vascular plants in Meihuashan Nature Reserve and the supplementary investigation report of vegetation in Annex 4). Among them, there are 107 species belonging to 62 genera and 30 families of pteridophytes, 22 species belonging to 18 genera and 7 families of gymnosperms, and 1499 species belonging to 654 genera and 147 families of angiosperms. There are 11 genera of single species, accounting for 1.5% of the total number of genera; each genus contains one species, but not single species, 454 genera, accounting for 61.8%; 245 genera, accounting for 33.4%; 26 genera, accounting for 3.5%; 38 genera, accounting for 5.2%. There are 43 species in 6 genera of Fagaceae, 48 species in 9 genera of Lauraceae, 24 species in 10 genera of Magnoliaceae, 19 species in 8 genera of Hamamelidaceae, 79 species in 16 genera of Rosaceae, 94 species in 42 genera of Leguminosae, 31 species in 15 genera of Euphorbiaceae, 31 species in 1 genus of ileaceae, 30 species in 9 genera of Theaceae, 32 species in 7 genera of rhododendraceae, 18 species in 5 genera of ardiaceae, 20 species in 1 genus of alumaceraceae, 16 species in 4 genera of Verbenaceae, 20 species in 9 genera of Moraceae, 25 species in 9 genera of Urticaceae and 20 species in Polygonaceae 26 species belong to 3 genera, 14 species belong to 8 genera of Melastomataceae, 22 species belong to 15 genera of Labiatae, 41 species belong to 23 genera of Rubiaceae, 18 species belong to 3 genera of Caprifoliaceae, 54 species belong to 31 genera of Compositae, 135 species belong to 62 genera of Gramineae and 53 species belong to 14 genera of Cyperaceae. Fagaceae, Lauraceae, Magnoliaceae, Theaceae, Rosaceae, rhododendraceae, alpiniaceae, Ilex and so on are the main species of evergreen broad-leaved forest or coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest in this area, and most of them are the constructive species, dominant species or sub dominant species of broad-leaved forest.

animal

There are 42 species of rare animals, such as South China tiger, leopard, clouded leopard, golden cat, black deer and sika deer, and some rare insects, such as golden spotted butterfly and Zhan Cai arm golden turtle. There are seven species under first-class national protection and 30 species under second-class national protection. Among them, macaque, pangolin, silver pheasant and tiger frog are the most abundant.

tourist resources

The unique geographical environment, unique geomorphic features and rich forest resources of the reserve create a rich natural landscape. There are not only forest landscape resources with various types, rich colors and changing seasons, but also lively and lovely animal landscapes with simple and honest or ferocious forms, as well as fantastic mountains, rocks, beautiful mountain flowers, beautiful water bodies and fantastic celestial landscapes.

Mountain landscape

Water flowing three rivers: Quxi township of Liancheng County in the nature reserve is located in huangshengdi, 1100 meters above sea level. Its source flows into the three major water systems of Fujian, namely Jiulong River, Tingjiang River and Minjiang River, which enter the sea through Fuzhou, Zhangzhou and Chaozhou, Guangdong. Therefore, it has been called "water flowing three rivers" since ancient times.

Queen Mother's order: to the north of Meihua shangouzinao, there is a Zhongshan meadow with a radius of more than ten square kilometers. In the center, a high mountain rises abruptly. It is the legendary "Queen Mother's order platform". Surrounded by hundreds of rolling hills about 1000 meters, it is a military camp stationed in the mountain stronghold.

Egg producing Valley: a valley in Daxie village, surrounded by luxuriant bamboo and wood. There is a black brown oval stone belt with moss in the valley, which is tens of meters long and often eroded by years of rain.

In addition, there are also Miaojin mountain with strange peaks and craggy rocks, lifelike chessboard stone and Yangjiao stone, legendary money hanging gourd, and so on

Chinese PinYin : Mei Hua Shan Guo Jia Ji Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu