Xiangshan

Xiangshan County

synonym

Xiangshan (Xiangshan County, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province) generally refers to Xiangshan County

Xiangshan County is a county under the jurisdiction of Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, China. It is located on the coast of the East China Sea, on the southern edge of the Yangtze River Delta and on the eastern coast of Zhejiang Province. It is located between Xiangshan Port and Sanmen Bay, surrounded by the sea on three sides and embracing each other. The county was established in 706 A.D. in the second year of Shenlong reign of Tang Dynasty. It is named Xiangshan because there are mountains in the northwest of the county, which are similar to Fu Xiang. It is composed of 608 islands and reefs in the east of Xiangshan Peninsula and along the coast.

Xiangshan County has a land area of 1382 square kilometers and a sea area of 6618 square kilometers, with a coastline of 925 kilometers, accounting for 1 / 8 of the coastline of Zhejiang Province, including 349 kilometers of mainland coastline and 576 kilometers of island and reef coastline.

At the end of 2017, there were 3 streets, 10 towns and 5 townships under the jurisdiction of the county, with a total of 47 community neighborhood committees < I (according to the statistics in 2017, the number was 49)

< / I and 490 administrative villages,

The resident population is 526 thousand, and the registered residence population is 550 thousand.

In March 2020, it won the title of national advanced county of village cleaning action, and was praised by the central agricultural office and the Ministry of agriculture and rural areas.

administrative division

Xiangshan has a long history. According to the research on the relics unearthed from the prehistoric cultural site of Tashan, the ancestors lived and multiplied here in the Neolithic Age 6000 years ago. In the spring and Autumn period, Xiangshan was the Yin land of Yue State. In Han Dynasty, Yinxian and Huipu (later changed to zhangan) were two counties. In the early Tang Dynasty, it belonged to Ninghai County and Fuxian county respectively. In the second year of Tang Shenlong (706), Xiangshan established the county and governed pengmu village. Because of the mountain in the north of the village, it was named Xiangshan. The county was named after the mountain and belonged to Taizhou. In the second year of Guangde (764), it was renamed Mingzhou (Ningbo in Ming Dynasty).

In the first year of the Republic of China, Nantian established the county and ruled fan'ao. In April of the same year, it was planned to enter Nantian county from the south of Xiling in Shandong Province, and then moved to Shipu. The next year, the division and merger were cancelled, and Nantian returned to fan'ao. In 1940, Nantian county was withdrawn and Sanmen County was set up. Nantian was under its jurisdiction.

On July 8, 1949, Xiangshan was liberated. In October, the county people's government was established, which belongs to Ningbo special area. In 1952, Nantian was transferred from Sanmen to Xiangshan. In April 1954, Xiangshan was transferred to Zhoushan district. In October 1958, Ninghai County was incorporated into Xiangshan, which was subordinate to Taizhou district. In October 1961, Ninghai County was restored, Xiangshan was returned to its original territory, and it belonged to Ningbo special area (later called area). In 1983, the prefecture and city of Ningbo merged, and Xiangshan was a county of Ningbo City.

At the beginning of liberation, there were four districts, two towns and 18 townships. By 1985, the county had jurisdiction over five districts, five towns and 32 townships. In May 1992, the district was withdrawn, the town was expanded and the township was merged. The county has jurisdiction over 13 towns and 6 townships.

By the end of 2017, Xiangshan County had 3 streets, 10 towns and 5 townships, 49 community neighborhood committees and 490 administrative villages. The county government is located at 21 houtang street.

geographical environment

geographical position

Xiangshan County is between 28 ° 51 ′ 18 ″ - 29 ° 39 ′ 42 ″ N and 121 ° 34 ′ 03 ″ - 122 ° 17 ′ 30 ″ E. Located in the middle of the eastern coast of Zhejiang Province, Southeast of Ningbo City, between Xiangshan Port and Sanmen Bay. Its geographical location is Xiangshan Port in the north, opposite to Yinzhou District and Fenghua City; Liuheng island in Putuo District of Zhoushan City and Meishan island in Beilun District of Ningbo City in the Northeast; damuyang in the East; maotouyang in the south, facing Sanmen County of Taizhou city across Sanmen Bay; Ninghai County in the West; Xiangshan Peninsula extends from Zixi and Meilin of Ninghai County to Yishi in the East. Xiangshan is located in the east of Xiangshan peninsula. It is composed of more than 600 islands and reefs in the east of Xiangshan peninsula. It is characterized by "three sides surrounded by the sea and one line crossing the land".

topographic features

Xiangshan is located in the hilly coastal area of eastern Zhejiang, with an area of 793 square kilometers, accounting for about 70% of the total area. The county is mostly 200 meters below the hills, gentle slope, rolling mountains. The general features of the terrain are many hills, low mountains and gentle slopes.

The terrain of the whole county inclines from northwest to Southeast. The remaining veins of Tiantai Mountain extend eastward from Ninghai County to Xiangshan Peninsula, forming the highest part at the junction of Ninghai and Xiangshan in the northwest of the county. These mountains are magnificent, with many peaks, and the main peak is more than 500 meters. Among them, dongtiaoshan is meandering from the tea mountain in Ninghai County. The main peak is 810.8 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in the county. There is niuliaogang in the southeast, 756 meters above sea level, which is the second highest peak in the county. There are more than 20 peaks with an altitude of 300-700 meters around.

The mountainous area is generally 200-450 meters high and widely distributed. There are mainly juexi mountainous area, huangbiao mountainous area and Nanxiang mountainous area in the county.

The maximum distance between the East and the west of Xiangshan County is 70 km, and the maximum distance between the north and the south is 90 km. The total land area is 1175 square kilometers, including 995 square kilometers for the peninsula and 180 square kilometers for the reef.

Most of the plains in Xiangshan are scattered in the coastal areas. These plains are mostly formed by the deposition of bays and artificial reclamation. They are called marine plains. They are mainly distributed in Xiangshan Harbor in the north, bays in the East and Sanmen Bay in the south. It is characterized by its large area and wide range, occupying the dominant position of Xiangshan plain. Among them, Nanzhuang plain and Dingshan plain have the largest area, known as "upper 80000 Mu" and "lower 80000 Mu".

In addition, there are alluvial plains in Xiangshan, with Piedmont impact fan as the main form. Because of the small mountains and the short hinterland, the area is not large, especially in Dancheng, Baishi, Jiuqing and Meixi.

The main form of pluvial plain is valley plain, most of which are long and narrow, and most of them are located in valleys.

Xiangshanxi river source short flow, alone into the sea. The drainage systems with a drainage area of more than 20 square kilometers include datanggang, Nandahe, dangang, xizhougang, xiashengang, dongtanghe and fanaogang. Datanggang water system is located in Dingshan plain, with a drainage area of 134 square kilometers. Datang port, the main stream, was originally the inner port of Sanmen Bay. In 1975, it was blocked to store the fresh water and became a river. It is 18 kilometers long and 500 meters wide on average.

Climatic characteristics

Xiangshan county belongs to subtropical marine monsoon climate zone, with four distinct seasons, no severe cold in winter, no severe heat in summer, long frost free period (annual average about 248 days, growth period is 345 days), sufficient light (annual average temperature is 16-17 ℃), mild and humid, and abundant rainfall (annual average precipitation is more than 1400mm). However, typhoon activities are frequent, often accompanied by strong winds and rainstorms, short water source, rapid flow, single injection into the sea, weak regulation and storage performance of the project, low density of river network, and potential drought and flood disasters. The average annual rainfall of the whole county is 1463 mm, and the total annual average runoff of water resources is 933 million cubic meters. The temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall runoff decreases from northwest to Southeast, concentrated in Meiyu and typhoon periods, which is a bimodal type. The interannual variation deviates from the equilibrium extremely, with the maximum variation of 2.83, and the limitation of engineering geology, topography, inundated immigration and economic conditions lead to difficulties in the development and utilization of water resources.

Due to the different topography, the temperature in the northwest and southeast coastal areas of the county is slightly higher than that in the southeast Shipu area, and the annual accumulated temperature in the northwest exceeds 6000 ℃; the annual precipitation, even in the drought years, is higher in the Northwest Mountainous area than that in the southeast Shipu area.

resources

land resource

Soil types

There are 5 soil types, 13 soil subclasses and 52 soil species. The red soil is distributed in the low mountains and hills below 500 meters, covering an area of 69333.33 hectares, accounting for 64% of the county's land area. Yellow soil, mainly distributed in the back of the ridge below 500 meters, covers an area of 293.33 hectares, with Xizhou town as the most. The fluvo aquic soil is mainly distributed in the coastal dry land, such as menqiantu, bingyingtang, Jinxing Yong'an pond, Gaotang qunyingtang, etc., covering an area of 3266.67 hectares, accounting for 2.6% of the county's soil. The parent material is modern marine sediments with deep soil layer. Saline soil, once inundated by sea tide, is very salty. Most of them are newly reclaimed ponds, covering an area of 4866.67 hectares. Paddy soil, distributed in coastal plain and valley Creek, is the main agricultural soil in the county, covering an area of 30200 hectares, accounting for 29% of the total soil area.

Hills and slopes

A total of 72000 hectares. 33 hectares of arable land suitable for agriculture, mainly distributed below 250 meters above sea level, with gentle slope, thick soil layer and good water conservancy conditions. It is suitable for the growth of grain crops, fruits and tea. The slope land suitable for forest is 50000 hectares, mainly distributed in hills and low mountains. It is suitable to build 30666.67 hectares of timber forest slope, 20000 hectares of firewood forest slope, 4666.67 hectares of grass slope and grazing cattle and sheep. Nearly 4667 hectares are hard to use in agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry.

Coastal plain

The relative height < 5M and slope < 3 ° are 46213.33 hectares, accounting for 33.36% of the total land area. A small part is continental sedimentary plain. Most of them are coastal marine sedimentary plains formed by tideland reclamation in the past dynasties, with a total area of 31533.33 hectares. There are mainly 10 pieces, which are distributed along the coast of Xiangshan Port, East Bay and Sanmen Bay.

In the northern Xiangshan Harbor coastal plain, the Western Zhou plain is 2950 hectares, the huangbiao'ao plain is 200 hectares, the Xianxiang plain is 1450 hectares, and the Zhuxi plain is 1600 hectares.

Nanzhuang plain, the largest marine plain in the county, has a total area of 6300 hectares

Chinese PinYin : Xiang Shan