Jiaoshan stele forest

Jiaoshan forest of Steles, also known as baomo Pavilion, started in 1048 of the Northern Song Dynasty. It is composed of cliff inscriptions and forest of Steles exhibition hall. It is one of the four largest forest of Steles in China next to Xi'an Forest of steles. There are more than 80 important cliff inscriptions and more than 400 steles in Jiaoshan forest. Among them, Yihe Ming, the ancestor of big characters, carved in Tang Dynasty, the inscription and inscription of Mi Fu, the inscription and inscription of Lu you ta Xue Guan, and the complete set of chengjiantang stone carvings carved in Qing Dynasty are all top-grade and precious. Over the years, Jiaoshan stele forest has attracted a large number of tourists with its exquisite inscriptions, continuous cliff inscriptions and unique charm of Jiangnan garden landscape.

Jiaoshan stele forest

Jiaoshan stele forest began in the eighth year of Qingli (1048) of the Northern Song Dynasty, and was expanded into baomo Pavilion in the Ming Dynasty. Since the Qing Dynasty, it has been famous in Jiangzuo, but it has been destroyed many times. When the people's Republic of China was founded, it was already a world of chaos. In 1960, in order to save the national cultural heritage, Zhenjiang municipal government collected stone inscriptions from four townships and established Jiaoshan stele forest.

Jiaoshan stele forest was repaired in 1988 and invested 4 million yuan in 2002. The largest scale repair and expansion project in history was carried out.

Jiaoshan stele forest covers an area of more than 7000 square meters.

Cultural relics protection

Jiaoshan stele forest is a national key cultural relic protection unit, which is composed of cliff inscriptions and stele forest display.

The cliff stone carving ring is located on the west side of Jiaoshan mountain. It is majestic. There are more than 100 stone inscriptions since the Six Dynasties. The original site of "bury crane inscription", the ancestor of big characters, is here. The inscriptions on the cliffs in Tang Dynasty, Song Dynasty, and Lu You's inscription on the cliff are all top-grade and precious.

Features of the forest of steles

1、 It has a long history. As early as the eighth year of Qingli (1048 A.D.) in the Northern Song Dynasty, Jiaoshan built baomoxuan to collect inscriptions, which started the collection of inscriptions in Jiaoshan, with a history of nearly a thousand years. The earliest stone inscriptions in Jiaoshan originated from the famous cliff inscriptions of the Six Dynasties, known as "the ancestor of big characters", the inscription on burying crane.

2、 The collection is rich in variety. The collection of Jiaoshan stele forest is mainly composed of two parts

1. There are 80 square cliff carvings at the West foot of Jiaoshan mountain.

2. There are nearly 500 inscriptions of each period in the stele forest garden.

3、 The corridors are connected and the courtyard is deep. The buildings in the forest of Steles are ancient buildings with the characteristics of Jiangnan classical gardens.

Display of inscriptions

The stone inscriptions are at the eastern foot of Jiaoshan mountain. In 1048, the stone inscriptions of Liang and Tang calligraphers were collected and collected. They were built in baomo Pavilion. They were revived and abandoned many times in yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. They were rebuilt in Haiyun nunnery in Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty (1821-1850). In 1958, Zhenjiang cultural relics management committee concentrated the scattered steles in Jiaoshan, and repaired the old sites of Yufeng temple, Xianglin temple, Haiyun temple and other temples for stele display. There are nearly 500 existing inscriptions, including more than 200 in historical materials and calligraphy, and about 50 in other aspects. All kinds of books are written by famous writers.

The earliest type of historical inscriptions is the stele of master Wei of renjinguan in Runzhou, Tang Dynasty, which was erected in the second year of Tang Yifeng (677). The stele is 2.42 meters high and 0.87 meters wide. There are 33 lines of regular script, 75 characters in each line. The monument describes the life of master Wei Jiang (595-677). In the eighth line of the tablet Yin, there is the title of "defending Runzhou qiaoshanxu, leading Xie Jianwei", which has not been recorded, which provides information for the study of military fortification in Runzhou (today's Zhenjiang) in Tang Dynasty.

Historical records

In addition, such as the stone letters of Li Deyu in Tang Dynasty unearthed from the iron tower foundation of Ganlu temple in Zhenjiang, the memorial hall of Wenqing Zhao, the general manager of Dagang tax in the fifth year of song Baoyou (1257), the reconstruction of Yuanwu reception temple in Jiaoshan temple in Yuan Dynasty, and the 40th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1561) There are many rare materials for the study of local history, such as the stele of Confucianist Duishan in Zhenjiang Prefecture, the stele of creating Yidu in Jingkou in 1876, and the stele of forbidding mining in Chongqing in 1880.

Another example is Yu Ji Tu, which was revised and erected in the 12th year of Shaoxing in Song Dynasty (1142), and it is basically the same as Yu Ji Tu, which was carved in the 7th year of Fuchang in Xi'an. But Jiaoshan's yujitu is engraved with 11 words "in the first month of the third year of Yuanfu (1100)", which shows that the two existing yujitu originated from the same Chang'an atlas in the Northern Song Dynasty. It is very important to discuss the time and author of the creation of yujitu.

The calligraphy art category is most famous for "bury crane inscription", which was written under the signature of "Huayang Zhenyi". The "shanghuangshan Qiaoshu" is a memorial article mourning Jiahe. There is no chronology and author. Since the Song Dynasty, Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and Tao Hongjing of the Southern Dynasty have said that most scholars believe that the calligraphy of "bury crane inscription" represents the style of regular script of the Southern Dynasty, and it has always been highly evaluated. It is a good way to explore the calligraphy of the Southern Dynasty This is an important work.

Experience

In 1713, Chen Pengnian, a former governor of Jiangning Prefecture and Suzhou Prefecture, obtained 5 pieces of original stones from the river and placed them in Guanyin nunnery in the southwest of Jiaoshan. The full text of the original 178 words, now only 92 words, 11 words are incomplete. In 1961, it was moved into the backyard of the forest of Steles, glued and embedded in the wall, and protected by a half Pavilion on the top of Xieshan mountain.

On the wall of the left corridor of the pavilion, a stone, 0.63 meters wide and 1.18 meters long, is embedded in the inscription "reliving the crane" written by Chen Pengnian in 1713. Two stones, 1.6 meters long and 0.8 meters wide, are embedded in the right gallery wall of the pavilion, which describes the spread of Gu Xiuyuan's copied rubbings. On the East-West corridor, there are also four stone inscriptions, 0.36M in width and 1.5-1.72m in length, and one stone inscription, 2.12M in length and 0.9m in width, which are copied from the handed down edition of the Qing Dynasty.

Moyan stone carvings are located along the Western foot of Jiaoshan mountain in Zhenjiang. The cliffs are full of poems, inscriptions and names of tourists from the Southern Dynasties. 200 of them have been found. The famous one is song MiFu's "Zhongxuan, Fazhi, MiFu, Yuanyou, Xinwei, Mengxia, Guanshan and Qiaoshu". Lu You's "Lu Wu Guan", "he Deqi", "Zhang Yuzhong", "Han Wujiu" Longxing Jiashen leap moon 29, step on the snow view bury crane inscription, put wine above, beacon fire does not stop. In the misty haze, the warship was drunk, and boating from Ganlu temple in the evening.

daily management

At the end of 1986, the adjacent buildings such as Yufeng nunnery, Huaiyin jingshe and dizang hall were included in the forest of Steles and comprehensively renovated. The display of the forest of Steles has also been adjusted according to the type and age. Now the forest of Steles in Jiaoshan has been put under the administration of Zhenjiang cultural relics administration committee.

Among all the stone inscriptions in Jiaoshan stele forest, the inscription on bury crane is the first one, which has been praised by Chinese and foreign scholars of all ages. It enjoys the reputation of "ancestor of big characters" and "crown of calligrapher". Su Dongpo commented that "it's difficult for big characters to be dense and seamless, and it's difficult for small characters to be generous and redundant." Wang Shizhen of the Ming Dynasty said: "this inscription is ancient and clumsy, magnificent and elegant. It is a strong calligrapher." The font structure has the strength of cursive script, the thin pen of Han Dynasty and the muscle of seal script. Among the numerous inscriptions in China, the inscription on burying crane in Jiaoshan of Zhenjiang and the inscription on stone gate in Hanzhong of Shaanxi are widely known as the "king of Steles" and the "south and North inscriptions". In the east wall of Shimen in Hanzhong City, the inscription on Shimen was engraved in the second year of Yongping in the Northern Wei Dynasty (509 A.D.), which records the story of the reopening of the Shimen of Baoxie road in the Han Dynasty.

Among the calligraphic stone carvings, there are Huang Tingjian's calligraphy in Song Dynasty, MI Fulin's preface to Wang Xizhi's Lanting, Zhao Mengfu's painting of Su Dongpo in Yuan Dynasty (1561) and Xiaokai in Qian Chibi Fu.

Others are: Master Wei stele, Qianlong stele, preface to Lanting collection, preface to Lanting by Mi Fulin, "Jiaoshan" banner and "three visits to Jiaoshan" Qijue poem, stone carving of Yu trace in Song Dynasty, stone carving of chengjiantang, stone carving of Cangli by Huang Tingjian, stone carving of stone gate in Qinjie, etc.

geographical position

Jiaoshan stele forest is located in baomoxuan, the east foot of Jiaoshan mountain, Dongwu Road, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province.

It's about 7 kilometers from Zhenjiang railway station to Jiaoshan stele forest. Bus route: take bus No.4 and D4 to the north square of Zhenjiang railway station and get off at Jiaoshan park.

Address: Jingkou District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province

Longitude: 119.48511135276

Latitude: 32.237208895339

Chinese PinYin : Jiao Shan Bei Lin