Sancai kiln site in Huangye

Sancai kiln site in Huangye

The Sancai kiln site of Huangye is a national key cultural relic protection unit. It is located in Daxiao Huangye village, Zhanjie Town, Gongyi City, Henan Province. It is distributed on both sides of Huangye River, with a total area of 230000 square meters.

The Sancai kiln site of Huangye was first burned in the Northern Dynasty, developed in the Sui Dynasty, flourished in the Tang Dynasty, and declined in the song and Jin Dynasties. Early production of celadon, Sui Dynasty began to produce white porcelain, the Tang Dynasty mainly produced white porcelain, in addition to the production of black glaze, yellow glaze porcelain, tricolor porcelain. Three color porcelain is a highlight of Gongyi kiln site.

The origin of history

The Sancai kiln site of Huangye is located in Daxiao Huangye village, Zhanjie Town, Gongyi City, Henan Province. It is distributed on both sides of Huangye River, with a total area of 230000 square meters and a kiln site area of 160000 square meters.

The Sancai kiln site of Huangye in Gongyi was built in the Northern Dynasties, developed in the Sui Dynasty, flourished in the Tang Dynasty, and declined in the song and Jin Dynasties. Early production of celadon, Sui Dynasty began to produce white porcelain, the Tang Dynasty mainly produced white porcelain, in addition to the production of black glaze, yellow glaze porcelain, tricolor porcelain. Three color porcelain is a highlight of Gongyi kiln site.

In history, there are three places about the origin of Tang Sancai: Xi'an, Luoyang and Yangzhou, but Luoyang is the only place where the kiln site was found. The white porcelain found in Gongyi kiln site is thin and firm, pure white and lustrous. Its thin white porcelain is translucent, which is comparable to Jingdezhen white porcelain in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It provides material materials for the study of the origin and development of Chinese white porcelain.

Records of Tang Dynasty

There is a record about the tribute white porcelain in Henan Province in the new book of Tang geography. The origin of Kaiyuan tribute white porcelain is probably the Gongyi kiln site today. Gongyi kiln site may also be the birthplace of blue and white porcelain. The research on the origin of blue and white porcelain has always been the focus of academic circles.

In recent years, the archaeological excavation data of Gongyi kiln site show that a lot of cobalt blue glazed porcelain specimens with white glaze dotted with blue color were found in the strata and ash pits in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, which provides an important material basis for the origin and firing of blue and white porcelain. What is important is that the blue and white porcelain unearthed in the strata of the late Tang Dynasty is consistent with the age of the three blue and white porcelain found in the Tang city site of Yangzhou and the sunken ship Heishi.

Thus, it once again promoted the research of blue and white porcelain in China to a newer and deeper field.

protection of important historical monuments

The Sancai kiln site of Huangye in Gongyi is a key cultural relic protection unit in China. It is also one of the 100 major sites protected by the State Administration of cultural relics and the Ministry of finance during the 11th Five Year Plan period, which is also the "key project" of the State Administration of cultural relics and the Ministry of Finance in recent years.

As for the names of Gongyi kilns, there was no unified name in the cultural circles before. In addition to the Sancai kilns in Huangye Tang Dynasty, which were well known for their early research and excavation, other names include Gongyi porcelain kilns, Gongyi porcelain kiln sites, Gongyi Sancai kilns, as well as some specific names, such as Baihe porcelain kilns, xiaohuangye kilns and dahuangye kilns.

In 2006, when the State Council announced the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units, the above names were merged and named "Gongyi kiln site".

Cultural Relic Archaeology

The Tang Sancai kiln site of Huangye was discovered in 1957. In 1976, Henan Provincial Museum and Gongxian cultural relics protection and Management Office cooperated with the farmland capital construction to excavate the kiln site for the first time, covering an area of 25 square meters.

In 2002, Henan Institute of cultural relics and Archaeology cooperated with Zhengzhou Institute of cultural relics and Archaeology and Gongyi Institute of cultural relics protection and management, cooperated with Gongyi transportation department to build the connecting line between Jiaogong Yellow River Bridge and national highway 310, covering an area of 950 square meters.

From 2003 to 2004, Henan Institute of cultural relics and archaeology, China Institute of cultural relics and Gongyi Municipal Institute of cultural relics protection and management jointly formed a team, with an excavation area of 1040 square meters. Up to now (2003-2004), the total excavated area of Tang Sancai kiln site in Huangye is 2015 square meters.

Major relics

The strata of the Tang Sancai kiln site in Huangye are generally about 4 meters thick. The deepest reaches more than 6 meters, including four different stages of Han, Sui, Tang, song and Yuan Dynasties. The main remains of Huangye kiln include: kiln, workshop (pulley pit, mud pool, glaze pit), washing pool, sedimentation pool, decaying pool, well, road, grave, ash ditch and ash pit, etc. The unearthed relics are mainly made of three colored pottery, including pots, bowls, plates, beans, dishes, bowls, cups, jars, bowls, stoves, lamps, Shuizhu, Jingping and three colored pottery figurines, such as rabbits, turtles, frogs, horses, sheep, dogs, lions, tigers, elephants, camels, monkeys and carts. In addition, there are many white glaze, black glaze, sauce glaze, yellow glaze porcelain.

Academic value

The academic value of the Tang Sancai kiln site in Huangye is as follows:

（1） In the past, the understanding of Huangye kiln was limited to investigation and small-scale trial excavation. Through a large area of excavation in recent years, the kiln site for firing Tang Sancai was found, revealing that the layout of washing, sedimentation, stale pools and workshops were in good order. A large number of exquisite semi-finished tricolor wares and various kinds of kiln furniture unearthed are of great academic value.

（2） A large number of complete and relatively complete specimens of white glazed, black glazed and yellow glazed porcelains have been unearthed, especially a lot of exquisite porcelains, such as Guan Er vase, stove, jar, bowl and other large utensils. We have a further understanding of the records of Henan Fugong white porcelain in the new book of Tang geography. Although the basis of literature and archaeological evidence is not sufficient, it undoubtedly provides an important clue for the study of the origin of Kaiyuan tribute white porcelain in Tang Dynasty.

（3） The research on the origin of blue and white porcelain has always been the focus of academic circles. According to the archaeological excavation data of Sancai kiln site in Tang Dynasty in recent years, a lot of cobalt blue glazed porcelain specimens with white glaze and blue painting were found in the strata and ash pits in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, which provided an important material basis for the origin and firing of blue and white porcelain. What is important is that the blue and white porcelain unearthed in the strata of the late Tang Dynasty is consistent with the age of the three blue and white porcelain found in the Tang city site of Yangzhou and the sunken ship Heishi. Thus, it once again promoted the research of blue and white porcelain in China to a newer and deeper field.

It can be seen that Huangye kiln site is not only one of the important kilns for the study of Tang Sancai, but also one of the important kilns for the study of the origin of Henan white porcelain and blue and white porcelain. Sancai kiln site of Huangye Tang Dynasty (xiaohuangye village, Zhanjie Town, Gongyi City, Tang Dynasty)

Scope of protection

Area 1: Shangen in the west, huangyehe in the East, south wall of liuquanwujia in the South and North wall of liulinli in the North (150 × 450 square meters); area 2: Shangen in the East, zhanbai highway in the west, south wall of sunzhenmiao in the South and North wall of Gaolu porcelain factory in the North (200 × 500 square meters); area 3: zhanbaigong road in the East, Shangen in the west, Xiaoqiao in the South and North wall of Cinema (200 × 300 square meters).

The construction control zone extends 300 meters south of Baitai to Wangzhai village, north to Longhai railway bridge, and East and west to Shangen.

Address: Huangye village, Zhanjie Town, Gongyi City, Henan Province

Longitude: 113.04671559659

Latitude: 34.770776965202

Chinese PinYin : Huang Ye San Cai Yao Zhi