Gao Guizi residence

Gao Guizi residence

Gao Guizi residence was Chiang Kai Shek's residence in Xi'an after the Xi'an Incident broke out on December 12, 1936.

Chiang Kai Shek's residence

On December 12, 1936, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng launched the Xi'an Incident. On the same day, Chiang Kai Shek was sent to Huanglou, Xincheng. Two days later, Chiang Kai Shek was moved to gaoguizi residence next to Zhang Xueliang residence. Chiang Kai Shek lived here for 11 days, which may be the most embarrassing and difficult 11 days in his life.

There are many opinions about why generals Zhang and Yang wanted to transfer Chiang Kai Shek from Huanglou in Xincheng to gaoguizi mansion. The most popular one is that Huanglou was in the compound of Shaanxi provincial government. At that time, the situation here was complicated, and it was inappropriate for Chiang Kai Shek to live here. Gao's residence is adjacent to Zhang Xueliang's residence, so it's much more convenient and safer to meet, talk and discuss affairs, including delivering meals. In response, the reporter interviewed Gao Shijie, daughter of Gao Guizi, who lives in Xi'an. She said: "I think the two generals are really thinking about Chiang Kai Shek's safety. At the same time, gaogongguan is newly built, with good conditions, no one has ever lived in it, elegant environment and heating, which is also the reason for choosing it. I recently read an online interview with Wang Zhiping, the monitor of Yang Hucheng's guards, saying: "Wang Zhiping helped him (Chiang Kai Shek) warm up with a brazier. He said no, no, take it out!" Jiang is a native of Jiangsu and Zhejiang. How can he stand the charcoal fire in Northwest China? Zhang Xueliang was able to borrow Gao's residence to arrange for chairman Jiang to live in. It can be seen that Gao's residence was also the most fashionable residence in Xi'an at that time. "

There is a rumor that when Chiang Kai Shek moved into Gao Guizi's residence, Gao Guizi was leading the troops to fight outside. Xi'an sent for him and said that someone wanted to borrow your residence. He was furious and said, "the residence has just been built and I haven't lived yet, so someone wanted to borrow it. Don't borrow it!" When the visitor said that the person who borrowed it was the chairman of the committee, he said, "then borrow it!" Gao Shijie denied this statement with a smile: "it's impossible. At that time, my father was fighting outside. It's impossible to learn the news here. Besides, Zhang Xueliang didn't need to send someone to take a message to my father when he was so nervous about borrowing a house. As far as I know, Gao's residence was not fully completed at that time, and my cousin he shanpei was responsible for supervising the repair work. Zhang Xueliang sent his deputy commander Tan hai to find his cousin and gave him a note written by general Zhang Xueliang, saying that he wanted to borrow it from the residence. My cousin readily promised, but the interior decoration is not ready yet. What should I do? See Zhang Xueliang's subordinates move furniture quickly, decorate a room. My uncle asked the soldiers who they were receiving? The soldiers said it was Chiang Kai Shek. My cousin laughed and said, "if the chairman wants to stay, just stay. What else can I write?" How did he know that Chiang Kai Shek had come to be a "prisoner on the stage" However, Gao Shijie revealed that when Ye Jianying came to Xi'an to meet with Zhang Xueliang on the eve of the Xi'an Incident, the CPC Central Committee sent officials to contact Gao Guizi, who readily agreed to let the CPC representatives live in his residence. Hou Ye Shuai lived in the north room of No.2 courtyard of siheyuan for nearly a month.

Six agreements to stop Civil War reached in gaogongguan

From December 14 to December 25, Chiang Kai Shek lived in gaogongguan for 11 days. No one knows what suffering he experienced in these 11 days?

Chen Zhongshi, a famous writer, once wrote an article called the story of the office, which tells the story that happened in gaogongguan and dongerfang (later as Chen Zhongshi's office): "although Chiang Kai Shek lived in gaogongguan for only 11 days, there were many historical plots and details. As soon as he was transferred to the East ear room, Zhang Xueliang came from his residence to see him, with a respectful military etiquette. Zhang Xueliang called "chairman" several times. Chiang Kai Shek not only didn't talk to him, but also covered his head with quilt and didn't show his face. Before that, the food sent here was not imported, a protest of hunger strike. On December 22, Song Ziwen and Song Meiling came to the East ear room of Gao's assembly hall to report to Chiang Kai Shek the complicated situation of the Nanjing government since the "Xi'an Incident". They also revealed the opinions of their brother and sister on their talks with Zhang and Yang after they arrived in Xi'an. This is a crucial step. One day later, on the evening of December 24, Zhou Enlai, a representative of the Communist Party of China who came down from northern Shaanxi to Xi'an a few days earlier to participate in the mediation, went into the East ear room where Chairman Jiang stayed with his brothers and sisters of the Song family, held a formal meeting, and reached six agreements on stopping the civil war and resisting Japan together, which laid the foundation for a peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident. "

Little known is that Chiang Kai Shek wrote his first "will" in Gao's residence. In June 2004, the archives of Hoover Institute of Stanford University in the United States declassified more than 10000 Song Ziwen files. On December 20, the eighth day after the outbreak of the "Xi'an Incident", Song Ziwen flew to Xi'an as a "private person" and met Chiang Kai Shek alone at the gaogongguan. Later, he recalled in his diary that "I met the chairman alone. He was so moved that he burst into tears. I comforted him and told him that he was not ashamed. On the contrary, the whole world cared for him and sympathized with him. " Song Ziwen's outspoken attitude towards Chiang Kai Shek in Xi'an was also an important step in the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident, and Chiang Kai Shek's attitude was gradually reasonable. On the eve of Song Ziwen's flight back to Nanjing on the 21st, he went to gaogongguan to say goodbye to Chiang Kai Shek, and Chiang Kai Shek also produced three "wills", which were all written by brush, and were written by Jiang carrying Zhang Xueliang behind his back when he was detained in gaogongguan. One of them was a letter from Chiang to all his countrymen, one was a private "will" to his wife Song Meiling, and the third was written to his own son Chiang Ching Kuo, who was in exile in Siberia of the Soviet Union, and his second son Chiang Wei Kuo, who was studying in Germany.

Adjacent to Zhang Gao residence

Gao Guizi residence was built in 1933. When Gao Guizi built this small building, he probably didn't expect that the first owner of the mansion he built for his family was not himself, but "Chairman Jiang"; he probably didn't expect that later, his mansion focused the eyes of the whole China and became the center of the political vortex at that time.

After taking part in the Great Wall Anti Japanese War, considering the return to his native land and the turbulent situation at that time, Gao Guizi moved the idea of building a more desirable house in Xi'an for a long time to live in. In 1933, Gao Guizi selected the area of Qixin Lane (now Jianguo second lane) on Jianguo Road, covering an area of more than ten mu. His daughter Gao Shijie told reporters: "at that time, there were dozens of people in my family, including my grandparents, aunts, uncles and their descendants. The old and young people had their own preferences. For example, my grandfather liked quadrangles and wanted to live in peace; my father liked gardens and needed a decent reception place. Therefore, my father invited a construction company in Tianjin to design and build this complex, which is connected by a small Western-style building and three quadrangles. But if you ask me how much my father spent on this piece of land, I don't know. Maybe only my father and uncle know. " Why did Gao Guizi choose to be a neighbor with Zhang Xueliang? Is it because they have a close personal relationship? Gao Shijie denied the reporter's idea that the two residences are adjacent to each other, "which is purely a coincidence."

Later generations understand that gaoguizi mansion seems to be the only Western-style small building, but in fact, the small building is only the main building of gaoguizi mansion. On the east side of the small building (the location of the office building of the Provincial Writers' Association) are the three courtyard houses with three entrances, which are all built in the north and south. They are both connected by passageways and independent of each other. At that time, the gate of gaogongguan was opened to the West as it is now. Once entering the gate, there are garages, gatekeepers, and the residences of drivers and adjutants on both sides. Once entering the gate, there is a circular fountain. Today, there are still many kinds of goldfish. In fact, only small buildings and fish ponds have been preserved in gaogongguan, and other places have been demolished.

Gaogongguan is a small building, but it should be a two-story building made of concrete columns, bricks and wood. The whole building covers an area of 286.65 square meters. The first floor is semi underground. It is mainly used for storing sundries and serving as a storage room. There is a small coal-fired water heating boiler. After the water is heated, it is boosted by manpower to send the hot water to the radiator upstairs. This is what happened at that time Heating; there are more than ten steps in front of the door on the second floor, and the eaves are more than ten square meters. There are three doors on the eaves of the small building. The west door is the side door of the reception hall, the east door is the main bedroom, and the middle door is the entrance to the hall of the small building. Gao Shijie said: "when I stood in front of the middle gate and looked back to the south, I could see the people coming in and out of Zhang Xueliang's residence in Jinjia lane, and I could see the tennis court of Zhang's residence. I heard that my uncle had seen Zhang Xueliang and Miss Zhao Si playing tennis there with his own eyes."

After entering the middle door of the hall, there is the reception hall on the left. There is a restaurant in the reception hall. At the back of the hall are two guest rooms and a storage room. In the back of the hall, there are two guest rooms (also called East and West ear rooms) on the East and west sides. The one in the northeast corner is Chiang Kai Shek's bedroom. In the south of this bedroom, there is a bathroom with wash basin, bathtub and flush toilet.

It is said that the courtyard where the small building is located is called "building courtyard", while the small courtyard with three quadrangles is called pianyuan, and the three quadrangles from east to West are called No.1, No.2 and No.3 courtyard. Siheyuan sits in the South and North, the gate is open in Qixin lane, and the courtyards are connected by side doors. The bungalows of siheyuan are all of brick and wood structure, the courtyard is covered with square green bricks, and Begonia trees are planted in the center of the courtyard. The central south room of siheyuan is the upper room, which is built on a high platform of about 50 cm, in a concave shape. One into two open, the middle of the living room

Chinese PinYin : Gao Gui Zi Gong Guan