Pingling

Liu Fuling, the youngest son of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, ascended the throne at the age of 8 and reigned for 13 years. In the first year of Yuanping (174 BC), Liu Fuling died in Weiyang Palace at the age of 21, so he was buried in the northwest Tomb of Pingling cemetery, 22 km east of Weiyang front hall and 6 km west of his father's mausoleum. He was 21 years old. Liu Fuling was the youngest son of Emperor Wu. He was very intelligent and loved by Emperor Wu. When Emperor Wu was seriously ill and intended to make him the crown prince, he was worried that his mother might monopolize him when he was young, so he forced his mother, Zhao Jieyu, to death before making him the crown prince. After the death of Emperor Wu, Liu Fuling, who was only 8 years old, became emperor, assisted by Huo Guang and sang Hongyang. During his reign, he suppressed the rebellion of his elder brother and elder sister, Shangguan Jie and Shangguan an, issued imperial edicts many times to reduce the state's financial expenditure, reduced the land rent and tax of the people, continued to implement the policy of "emphasizing the root and restraining the end", immigrated to the countryside, sent troops to defeat the invasion of Xiongnu and Wuhuan, and strengthened the border defense. A series of measures actually stabilized the turbulent situation in Emperor Wu's later years. In the first year of Yuanping (74 BC), "the emperor died in Weiyang palace in April of summer, Renshen in June, and buried in Pingling". He was 21 years old. Because emperor Zhao suddenly fell ill and died, the officials in charge of the construction of the mausoleum were very embarrassed. Because his mausoleum had not been constructed seriously, they quickly rented 30000 ox carts to pull sand from the Weihe beach to build an underground tomb. Hasty return hastily, the burial objects of emperor Zhao's tomb are still very rich. At that time, Huo Guang presided over the funeral of emperor Zhao. There were all kinds of gold, silver, pearls and jade in the tomb. The mound is covered with soil in a bucket shape, with a perimeter of 2700 meters at the bottom and a height of 29.2 meters. In the East is the tomb of the queen of Shangguan. There are 57 burial tombs, 23 of which are still in existence. The main tombs are Dou Ying, Xia Hou Sheng, Zhu Yun, Zhang Yu and Wei Xian. Pingling mausoleum is 6km from the east of Maoling mausoleum, which is the two tombs in the southeast of Dawang village, Pingling Township, Qindu District, Xianyang city. It is the joint burial Mausoleum of emperor Zhao of Han Dynasty Liu Fuling and empress Xiaozhao Shangguan. Because it is located on the edge of the plain in the beginning of Han Dynasty, it is called Pingling mausoleum.

Pingling

Pingling is the joint Tomb of Liu Fuling, Emperor Zhao of Han Dynasty, and empress Xiaozhao Shangguan. The mound is covered with soil in a bucket shape, with a perimeter of 2700 meters at the bottom and a height of 29.2 meters. In the west is the tomb of the queen of Shangguan. There are 57 burial tombs, 23 of which are still in existence. The main tombs are Dou Ying, Xia Hou Sheng, Zhu Yun, Zhang Yu and Wei Xian. Pingling is a key cultural relic protection unit in Shaanxi Province. It is located in Dawang village, Pingling Township, Qindu District, 6 km west of Xianyang city.

Site landscape

Pingling is the joint Tomb of Liu Fuling, Emperor Zhao of Han Dynasty, and empress Xiaozhao Shangguan. Liu Fuling, formerly known as Liu Fuling, was born in 94 BC. He was the son of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty and Gou Yifu. Liu Fuling, who ascended the throne at the age of 8 and reigned for 13 years, died at the age of 21 in the first year of Yuanping (74 BC). He was buried in the Northeast Tomb of Pingling cemetery, 22 km away from the front hall of Weiyang in the East and 6 km away from his father's mausoleum in the West. He was 21 years old. The mound is covered with bucket shaped soil, with a perimeter of 2700 meters at the bottom, a height of 29.2 meters and an altitude of 515.42 meters. In the west is the tomb of the queen of Shangguan. There are 57 burial tombs, 23 of which are still in existence. The main tombs are Dou Ying, Xia Hou Sheng, Zhu Yun, Zhang Yu and Wei Xian.

Site location

In the early 1980s, Pingling was closed for greening in Qindu District, and only cypress trees on the north slope of the imperial tomb survived.

From July to the end of October 2001, the archaeological team of Xianyang city conducted a drilling survey of Pingling. It corrects the misunderstanding of "the west is the emperor and the East is the Queen" in Pingling. The general quantity, distribution and shape of the funerary pits outside the mausoleum of Pingling are clarified. Found four construction sites, found the Pingling city wall.

Traffic information

Bus routes

1. Take the train from Xi'an railway station to Xianyang railway station, take No.12 bus from Xianyang railway station, get off at Dawang Town, and walk southward from the intersection of the station for about 10 minutes.

2. Take bus No.59 at Xi'an Chengxi passenger station, get off at Xianyang Qichang cross, transfer to bus No.12, get off at Dawang Town, and go south from the intersection of the station for about 10 minutes.

Construction background

Liu Fuling was the youngest son of Emperor Wu. He was very intelligent and loved by Emperor Wu. When Emperor Wu was seriously ill and planned to make him the crown prince, he was worried that his mother might have the power to force his mother, Zhao Jieyu, to death. After the death of Emperor Wu, Liu Fuling, who was only 8 years old, became emperor, assisted by Huo Guang and sang Hongyang. During his reign, he suppressed the rebellion of his elder brother and elder sister, Shangguan Jie and Shangguan an, issued imperial edicts many times to reduce the state's financial expenditure, reduced the land rent and tax of the people, continued to implement the policy of "emphasizing the root and restraining the end", immigrated to the countryside, sent troops to defeat the invasion of Xiongnu and Wuhuan, and strengthened the border defense. A series of measures actually stabilized the turbulent situation in Emperor Wu's later years. In the first year of Yuanping (74 BC), "the emperor died in Weiyang palace in April of summer, Renshen in June, and buried in Pingling". He was 21 years old.

In 74 BC (the first year of Yuanping of emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty), Emperor Zhao died. Because he had no son, he made Liu He, the grandson of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the king of Changyi (the grandson of Mrs. Li), the emperor and respected Shangguan as the Empress Dowager. Moved to Changle palace.

Liu he was immoral and had been emperor for only 27 days, but he was abandoned by Huo Guang. Liu Bing, the grandson of another Li Prince (Liu Ju, Prince of Hanwu emperor), has become Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty. Liu Bing has changed his name to Liu Xun. Liu Xun is the great grandson of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and Shangguan's family is the grandmother of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty. At that time, Shangguan's family was only 15 years old and was honored as the youngest empress dowager in Chinese history.

In the second year of Jianzhao (37bc), the Shangguan empress dowager died at the age of 52. He was buried with emperor Zhao in Pingling.

Because emperor Zhao suddenly fell ill and died, the officials in charge of the construction of the mausoleum were very embarrassed. Because his mausoleum had not been constructed seriously, they quickly rented 30000 ox carts to pull sand from the Weihe beach to build an underground tomb. Hasty return hastily, the burial objects of emperor Zhao's tomb are still very rich. At that time, Huo Guang presided over the funeral of emperor Zhao. There were all kinds of gold, silver, pearls and jade in the tomb.

Site landform

Pingling mausoleum is located between Dawang village and Huzhu village in Qindu District of Xianyang City, including the mausoleum of emperor Zhao of Han Dynasty and the mausoleum of empress Shangguan. It is located on a slightly protruding flat land on erdaoyuan of Xianyang city. The distance between the two earth blocks is 700 meters from east to west, and the altitude is about 480 meters.

Pingling mausoleum is 12 Li to the east of Maoling mausoleum, with a height of 29 meters. Pingling mausoleum is square with a wall of 380 meters long. There are gates in the center of each side, opposite to the mausoleum. Now the East and south gate towers are still in existence. The gate towers are made of rammed earth with a thickness of 6 to 8 cm. In the northwest corner of the cemetery, there is a large area of architectural sites, a large number of Han Dynasty bricks and tiles, square sand stone column foundations and brick octagonal wells, which are estimated to be the living rooms of the tomb guards.

Dongling, located in the East, is high in the middle and low around, with rammed walls on all sides, which means that Dongling is a cemetery with walls on all sides. The length of the bottom of the seal is 160-170 meters, and the height is about 32 meters. The cemetery is square in plane, with a wall about 5 meters wide. The east wall is 404 meters long, the west wall is 429 meters long, the south wall is 416 meters long, and the north wall is 428 meters long.

In the middle of the wall, there are gate and que buildings respectively. In the East and south of the gate and que buildings, bricks and tiles about two meters high were found on the ground. The length of each gate is 30-70 meters, the width is 12-40 meters, and the width of the gateway is 6-8 meters. Among them, the east gate is the widest, which represents the main direction of the cemetery is the East.

Pingling mausoleum is 6km from the east of Maoling mausoleum, which is the two tombs in the southeast of Dawang village, Pingling Township, Qindu District, Xianyang city. It is the joint burial Mausoleum of emperor Zhao of Han Dynasty Liu Fuling and empress Xiaozhao Shangguan. Because it is located on the edge of the plain in the beginning of Han Dynasty, it is called Pingling mausoleum. The East is the imperial mausoleum and the west is the houling mausoleum.

Liu Fuling is the son of Liu Che and Zhao Jieyu, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. He was only 8 years old when he ascended the throne 86 years ago. The chief minister is strong, and his brother-in-law Huo Guang is dictatorial. At that time, there were rebellion from King Xiaowang of Qi and the border towns, and the invasion of Xiongnu outside. In the middle of the dynasty, Huo Guang colluded with the queen of Shangguan and then fought for power, resulting in constant natural and man-made disasters. In the first year of Yuanping (74 BC), Liu Fuling died and was buried in the northwest Tomb of Pingling cemetery, 22 km away from the front hall of Weiyang in the East and 6 km away from his father's mausoleum in the West. The shape of the Western cemetery and Fengtu is basically the same as that of the eastern mausoleum. Fengtu is located in the middle of the mausoleum, with a side length of 160 meters and a height of about 30 meters. The wall of the cemetery is 380 meters long in the East, 386 meters long in the west, 370 meters long in the South and 381 meters long in the north. The wall is 4-6 meters wide. There are gate towers in the middle of all sides of the wall, and the gate tower in the East is the widest. The mausoleum of emperor Zhao is located in the center of the mausoleum, which is shaped like a covered bucket. The top of the mausoleum is retracted to form two platforms. The base of the mausoleum is square with a side length of 46 at the bottom. Eight meters. 665 meters southeast of it is the mausoleum of Shangguan queen of emperor Zhao. The queen of Shangguan is Huo Guang's granddaughter (87-37 BC). Although she is expensive, she is also very unfortunate. At the age of 6, she became Queen of the palace. At the age of 15, Emperor Zhao died. Since then, she has been relatively lonely. She died at the age of 52 and was buried together in Pingling.

Pingling mausoleum is located in the northeast of the mausoleum, now Lidu village, Pang Village area. In the first month of the first year (73 BC), more than one million officials and people of the prefecture state were recruited to move to Pingling. In the second year, they "took water to balance money for Pingling, and moved people to Dizhai". It is now found in the Lingyi site

Chinese PinYin : Ping Ling