Ziwuling

Ziwuling

Ziwuling was called "Qiaoshan" before the Tang Dynasty, but there are still some data about Qiaoshan mountain range in modern times, that is, Ziwuling in a broad sense, including Hengling, xieliang, Laoyeling, Qinglongshan, Ziwuling (narrow sense), etc. It is located in the hinterland of the Loess Plateau. Ziwuling in the narrow sense refers to the oblique beam in modern geography. From wutingzi in Heshui county to liujiadian in Zhengning County, the mountain trend is north-south. The ancients called it "Zi" in the north and "Wu" in the south, so this section of the mountain was called "Ziwuling". Later, it was expanded to the name of the whole Qiaoshan mountain range.

It lies between the Jinghe River and Luohe River, mainly distributed in the border between Qingyang City of Gansu Province and Yan'an City of Shaanxi Province, and in the northeast of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang City, and the north of Tongchuan City. The northeast is connected with the mountains of Bai and Laoshan, and the south is separated from the Guanzhong Plain and Qinling Mountains. North to Dingbian County Ma'anshan, South to Chunhua County cuo'e mountain.

Ziwuling forest area is a well preserved natural vegetation area in the Loess Plateau, and it is an important ecological public welfare forest in the middle of the Loess Plateau.

According to legend, the ancient Xuanyuan Yellow Emperor clan originated in Ziwuling (Qiaoshan) and the upper reaches of Beiluo River, and then gradually developed and became powerful, occupying Guanzhong and the Central Plains. Xuanyuan Huangdi tomb and Huangdi mausoleum are respectively located in Gansu and Shaanxi on both sides of Ziwuling. Ziwuling is also an important route through the north and south of the Loess Plateau in the Qin and Han Dynasties. In the Qin Dynasty, a straight road was built on the ridge of the mountain range, starting from Yunyang in the South and reaching Jiuyuan in the north. Along the way, there are hundreds of beacon tunnels, piers and gates. The main pass villages are wutingzhai, xinglongguan, aihaodian, diaolingguan, jinsuoguan, etc. from the north to the south.

Name evolution

The scope of Ziwuling has a changing process in history. Before the Tang Dynasty, the shangziwuling mountain system of modern geography was formerly known as "Qiaoshan". The whole mountain system including Hengling, xieliang, Laoyeling, Qinglongshan, Ziwuling (narrow sense) and other branches is called "Qiaoshan mountain range" or "Qiaoshan". The original Ziwuling, or Ziwuling in a narrow sense, refers to the oblique beam in modern geography. From wutingzi in Heshui county to liujiadian in Zhengning County, the mountain trend is north-south. The ancients called it "Zi" in the north and "Wu" in the south, so this section of the mountain was called "Ziwuling". Later, it was expanded to the name of the whole Qiaoshan mountain range. Therefore, it is correct to say that Ziwuling is a branch or a section of the Qiaoshan mountains, which means Ziwuling in a narrow sense.

Location context

Ziwuling is located at 107 ° 30 ′ - 109 ° 40 ′ e n and 33 ° 50 ′ - 36 ° 50 ′ e e, reaching Ma'anshan in Dingbian County in the north and cuoe mountain in Chunhua County in the south. It stretches more than 400 kilometers from north to South (recorded as 413 kilometers (207 kilometers in Qingyang area) in the records of Qingyang prefecture), and 60 to 80 kilometers from east to west.

Ziwuling, the boundary mountain between Shaanxi and Gansu, covers Huanxian, Huachi, Heshui, Zhengning and Ningxian counties in Gansu, Dingbian, Wuqi, Zhidan, Fuxian, Huangling, Yijun, Tongchuan, Yintai, Yaoxian, Chunhua and Xunyi counties in Shaanxi, with a total land area of 23000 square kilometers, including 11000 square kilometers in Gansu and 12000 square kilometers in Shaanxi, with an altitude of 1600-190km 7 meters.

The mountain extends from NNW to se, forming the watershed of Luohe River and Jinghe River. It is connected with the west section of Laoshan Mountain in the north, Baiyu mountain and Laoshan Mountain in the northeast, and Weibei plateau in the south. Its north extends from northwest to southeast of Huachi in Gansu Province to qusiling in Huangling in the south. It is divided into nearly east-west and east-west branches, extending into the source of Luohe River and Jinghe River, and forming the watershed of Jinghe and Luohe River systems. It extends southward to Jiaoping and is divided into two branches. One reaches southeast to Yijun, Tongchuan and Yaoxian, which is yijunliang; the other reaches southwest, whose south end is Shimen mountain (1885 meters above sea level), the highest point of Ziwuling.

Main peaks

Ziwuling is located in the uplift mountain between the famous Dongzhiyuan and luochuanyuan. Its main peak is 1687 meters above sea level. It is located at the left source of JuShui river. Other main mountains of Ziwuling include dunliang (1625 meters above sea level) at the junction of Ganquan, Zhidan and Fuxian, wulidun (1625 meters above sea level) at the upstream of JuShui River, and kuquanmiao mountain (1734 meters above sea level) at Yijun.

In Gansu Province

On the west side of Ziwuling, Qingyang area of Gansu Province can be divided into four sections: tiebianshan, Laoyeling, Qinglongshan and xieliang, with dozens of East-West radiation branches. The total area of the mountain area is 5734 square kilometers, including 4:97 square kilometers of forest area and 764 square kilometers of non forest area.

Tiebianshan

Tiebian mountain is a section of mountains in the north of Ziwuling main vein, and in the south of Jianganling and zuandianling. After entering Huanxian county and Huachi County, it turns northwest to Southeast and reaches zifangpan township of Huachi County. It is 58 km long in the area, with branches covering 10 townships including Gengwan, Siheyuan, Fanjiachuan, Zhuyuan of Huanxian county and qiaochuan, Baima, Yuancheng, Huai'an, Miaoxiang, Qiaohe of Huachi County. The mountainous area is about 760 square kilometers and the annual rainfall is about 450 mm. Because of the serious damage of forest and grass, this mountain is one of the arid areas.

The main branches are as follows

Xinglong Mountain, commonly known as donglaoye mountain, is located in Siheyuan Township, Huanxian County, with an altitude of 1774 meters. Northeast southwest, there are Xinglongshan Daojiao ancient buildings. On October 15, 1935, the first red front army moved eastward from helianwan branch to Xinglongshan. Leading comrades such as zhongjianying, Deng FA and Zhang Jingwu once spent the night in the shrine. The offices of the headquarters and radio station staff were located in the ancestral hall. Xinglong Mountain is the last camp of the Red Army in Gansu Province during the long march. In 1999, the Forestry Department of Gansu Province approved Xinglong Mountain as a national forest park.

The branch of heijia mountain is 1673 meters above sea level.

Hengling, located at the junction of Huachi and Huanxian, is 1700 meters above sea level in the north and 1500 meters in the south. It is the watershed between baimachuan and anshanchuan, with a north-south trend, reaching Qingyang County.

Qingshaling, located in the north of qiaochuan Township, has tiejiaocheng and Qin Great Wall.

Yingpanling is located in the east of tiejiao city and the south wall of the great wall of Qin Dynasty. In Song Dynasty, it was the place where Fan Zhongyan stationed his troops.

Maodiliang, whose real name is Daban, is located in the northeast of Qiaohe Township, Huachi County. It is the north-south water dividing beam of the eastern section of tiebian, with shuangduner mountain in the East and heihuling mountain in the southeast. Qin Zhidao set up a post station here. It is said that Wang Yi, Zhaojun of the Han Dynasty, went out of the fortress to marry the Xiongnu. When he called Han Xie, he stopped and dressed up.

Huangdi mountain is located at the foot of ruoyuan River in Huachi County, namely, Nanshan in Miaoxiang township. In ancient times, there was Xuanyuan Yellow Emperor Temple on the mountain, and the ditch under the mountain was called Temple Lane.

Laoyeling

Laoyeling is located in Huachi County, with an altitude of 1672 meters. It is also the watershed between Hulu River and Rouyuan river. From shuangduner Shanxi vein in the north to dacha in Heshui County in the south, the total length is 53 km. The annual rainfall is 500 to 550 mm. Its branches cover 9 townships in Huachi County, including zifangpan, Qiaohe, Rouyuan, Shanzhuang, Nanliang, Dinghan, Chenghao, Linzhen and Heshui Taizi, covering an area of 1106 square kilometers.

The main branches are as follows

Dafengshuiliang, located at the border between Zhidan County and Huachi County, Shaanxi Province, is 1625 meters above sea level. It is another watershed between Shaanxi and Gansu provinces, and the watershed between Beiluo River and Hulu river. The mountains run from northwest to Southeast. The southeast part of the mountains goes deep into Shaanxi. The south side of the mountains involves Nanliang and Linzhen of Huachi County and Taibai township of Heshui county.

Erjiang mountain is located in Shanzhuang Township on the east side of Laoye Mountain, with high peaks and luxuriant trees. At the foot of the mountain are two general cities built by Han Qi and Fan Zhongyan, the border guards of the Song Dynasty.

Taiyangpo ridge is located in Chenghao chuanzhang, and taiyangpo reservoir is built at the foot of the mountain.

Qinglong mountain

Qinglong mountain, located in Heshui County, is one of the main veins in the middle section of Ziwuling, with a northwest southeast trend. It starts from mugualing at the junction of Huachi and Heshui in the northwest, and ends at wutingzi at the junction of Heshui and Ningxian in the southeast, with a total length of 50 km. It is 1633 meters above sea level in the north and 1658 meters in the south. Ziwuling tunnel passes through the lowest part of the middle mountain. The annual rainfall is 580-600mm. This section of the mountains, with abundant forests and abundant rainfall, is the main forest area in the middle of Ziwuling. Its branches cover five townships of Taibai, Yangping, penzuipu, taihuo and Gucheng in Heshui County, covering an area of about 2017 square kilometers.

The main branches are as follows

Tianziao mountain is located at the boundary of Heshui and Huachi counties, and it is also the watershed between chenghaochuan and yangpingchuan. It is said that Gongliu, the ancestor of Zhou Dynasty, was born here, so it is called tianziao.

Hero mountain, located in the south of Yangping Township, Heshui County, is the watershed between yangpingchuan and ganqizichuan. It has luxuriant trees and towering ancient trees.

Qinglong mountain, located in the northwest of Taibai Township, is the watershed between Hulu River and Miao village. It is 10 kilometers long and 1620 meters above sea level. The small branch of Beishan is donghuachibaozi mountain. At the foot of the mountain are brick pagodas of Song Dynasty and the former site of the seventh branch of Kangda University. There is a stone pagoda of ta'erwan in Song Dynasty in Miao village of Nanshan.

Huanghaoshan mountain, also known as huanghaoyuan, is located in the south of haozuipu township. It is the Fenshui sandfly of heshuichuan and wagangchuan. It is 10 kilometers long and 1600 meters above sea level.

Tuoer mountain, also known as Tuoer yuan, is located in Hefei City, which is the watershed of the Perfume River and wa Gang Chuan, with an elevation of 1600 meters.

Table ridge, located in Heshui dashanmen forest farm, 1580 meters above sea level.

Macha mountain is located in the west of Taibai Township in Lingdong, with an altitude of 1600 meters. It is the watershed between yanjingchuan, a tributary of Miao village and caosichuan.

Changbai Mountain is located in Taibai, Lingdong

Chinese PinYin : Zi Wu Ling