Nanjing Museum of Six Dynasties

From the beginning of the third century to the beginning of the sixth century, the Six Dynasties of the eastern Wu Dynasty, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Song Dynasty, the Qi Dynasty, the Liang Dynasty and the Chen Dynasty were called "the Six Dynasties".

Nanjing, the capital of the Six Dynasties, is known as the "ancient capital of the Six Dynasties". At the beginning of the 21st century, Nanjing discovered the ruins of the capital of the Six Dynasties, which had been lost for more than a thousand years. The Museum of the Six Dynasties is the most comprehensive site museum to display the cultural relics of the Six Dynasties in China, and also the most systematic special museum to reflect the culture of the Six Dynasties. There are four exhibition halls, namely "the capital of the Six Dynasties", "looking back at the Six Dynasties", "the style of the Six Dynasties" and "the outstanding people of the Six Dynasties".

Museum of the Six Dynasties

synonym

Nanjing Six Dynasties Museum generally refers to the Six Dynasties Museum

Located in Hanfu street, Xuanwu District, Nanjing City, to the east of Dongjian road and to the north of Changjiang Road, the Museum of the Six Dynasties is not only the most comprehensive museum of relics of the Six Dynasties in China, but also the most systematic Museum reflecting the culture of the Six Dynasties. A large number of precious cultural relics, such as celadon, pottery figurines, epitaphs, building components, stone carvings, calligraphy and paintings, as well as the city walls and large drainage facilities of Jiankang city in the Six Dynasties, are displayed. The celebrity stories of the Six Dynasties are introduced. The theme of oriental metropolis from the 3rd to 6th century A.D. is elaborated in four chapters. There are four exhibition halls, namely "capital of the Six Dynasties", "looking back at the Six Dynasties", "style of the Six Dynasties" and "outstanding people of the Six Dynasties".

The Six Dynasties Museum site is a part of the former Jiankang city of the Six Dynasties, with a total investment of 250 million yuan and a construction area of more than 23000 square meters. Among them, the underground building area is more than 11000 square meters, and the aboveground building area is 12000 square meters. The Six Dynasties museum is designed by a senior design team led by Mr. Pei Jianzhong, the son of the world-famous architect I.M. Pei. It systematically applies the architectural module, architectural geometry and architectural light and shadow of PEI. It was officially opened to the public on August 11, 2014.

The Six Dynasties inherited the Han Dynasty and started the Tang Dynasty, and created an extremely brilliant "Six Dynasties civilization", which achieved unprecedented prosperity in science and technology, literature, art and other aspects, and created a new historical era of Chinese civilization. The common point of these six dynasties is that they all built their capital in Nanjing. During the Six Dynasties, Nanjing city was the first city with a population of more than one million in the world. Together with ancient Rome City, it was known as the "two centers of world classical civilization", which had a profound impact on human history. Xu Song of Tang dynasty recorded the Six Dynasties in Jiankang Shilu, so it got its name.

Development history

The whole building of the Six Dynasties Museum has one floor underground and three floors above the ground, with the highest height of 24 meters. The gate of the Museum of the Six Dynasties is in the south, facing Changjiang Road, echoing the north and south of the new museum of Jiangsu Art Museum.

From the beginning of the third century to the end of the sixth century, the Six Dynasties of the eastern Wu Dynasty, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Song Dynasty, the Qi Dynasty, the Liang Dynasty and the Chen Dynasty were collectively called the "Six Dynasties". Nanjing was established as the capital of the Six Dynasties, so it is known as the "ancient capital of the Six Dynasties". At that time, Nanjing was also the first city with a population of more than one million in the world, and together with ancient Rome, it was known as the "two centers of world classical civilization". The Six Dynasties period is an extremely important period in the history of Chinese cultural development, and it is also an important chapter in the history of Nanjing's city building and capital building. The splendid Six Dynasties culture has left many cultural allusions and historical sites in Nanjing. Therefore, the core theme of the museum exhibition is to show the style of "oriental metropolis". There are four exhibitions in the museum, namely "capital of the Six Dynasties", "eternal romance", "style of the Six Dynasties" and "outstanding people of the Six Dynasties". Through the history exhibition, people exhibition, boutique exhibition and story exhibition, the history and culture of the Six Dynasties are comprehensively displayed from the perspectives of "city", "people", "things" and "beauty".

architectural composition

Negative one

The exhibition on the lower floor is divided into two parts: the city part mainly shows the architectural scale, palaces, urban roads and drainage system of Jiankang city in the Six Dynasties; the life part uses a large number of cultural relics to restore people's basic necessities of life in the Six Dynasties.

These cultural relics include the popular "retro slippers" of the time: clogs of the Six Dynasties, Mats and terraces for home use, pottery ox carts for environmental transportation, and "recipes of the Six Dynasties" recorded in historical documents.

On the lower floor of the museum, there is a 25 meter long and 10 meter wide rammed wall site of the Six Dynasties, which is the root of the whole museum. In 2008, when archaeologists excavated the site where the museum is located, they found this rammed wall at a depth of 2 meters underground. It is verified that it is the architectural site of Jiankang palace city of the Six Dynasties 1700 years ago. It is precisely because of the excavation of this millennium site that the museum has today's Six Dynasties Museum The museum.

In addition to this millennium site, the drainage channel of Taicheng moat excavated in Dengfu lane of Nanjing in 2007 was also moved into the exhibition hall.

First floor

Walking into the hall on the first floor of the museum, in addition to the steel glass ceiling showing the beauty of structure and materials, the Beige "moon door" with north-south flat walls, and the amazing 78 glass windows inlaid between Beige limestone slabs on the ground, which were nicknamed "man Tian Xing" by the design and construction team. Here are the maps of the territory of the Six Dynasties, the years and reigning time of the emperors, and other graphic display boards. On the 10 meter long large screen, a 15 minute "micro movie" oriental metropolis "will be shown in a circular way, bringing the audience" dream back to the Six Dynasties ".

In addition, on the first floor, there is a special exhibition of cultural relics of the story of the Three Kingdoms, which gathers more than 60 sets of cultural relics of the story of the Three Kingdoms from six museums, including Nanjing Museum, Suzhou Museum and Zhenjiang Museum. The types of cultural relics include calligraphy and painting, porcelain, clay sculpture, leather shadow, wood carving, etc The scene.

Second floor

Located on the second floor of the museum, the exhibition hall of "the style of the Six Dynasties" displays a large number of precious cultural relics of the Six Dynasties, such as pottery figurines, celadon, epitaphs, tiles, stone carvings, etc. According to Bai Ning, there are great innovations and breakthroughs in the use of multimedia in this exhibition. For example, according to the image of pottery figurines in the Six Dynasties, an animated micro film was created. The male pottery figurines in the Three Kingdoms period and the female pottery figurines in the Eastern Jin Dynasty staged a "love through time and space" in the film, giving vitality to the static cultural relics.

The treasures of the Museum of the Six Dynasties, namely, the underglaze colorful feathered pattern pan Kou pot and the celadon lotus statue, are also on display on this floor. According to reports, the "Pan Kou pot with underglaze color feather figure" in the period of the eastern Wu Dynasty depicts a variety of strange artistic images, such as feather man, fairy grass, winged bird, Buddha statue, etc., with underglaze color painting and pasted sculpture integrated. Baining said that the underglaze painting technology of this cultural relic has changed people's understanding that the underglaze painting technology began in the Tang Dynasty, and advanced the appearance of China's underglaze painting technology by nearly 500 years. It is a valuable material for studying the history of religious development in the late Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties.

The "celadon lotus statue" unearthed in 1972 from the tomb of the Southern Dynasties in Lingshan, qilenmenwai, eastern suburb of Nanjing, features lotus as the main decorative pattern, focusing on the techniques of relief, die printing and engraving. According to Bai Ning, Buddhism prevailed in the Southern Dynasties, and lotus petals or patterns were widely used in the decoration of utensils. In Buddhist art, lotus represents the pure land and symbolizes "purity of self nature". She said that the pattern of lotus petals is the most epochal symbol of porcelain in the northern and Southern Dynasties, and the "celadon lotus statue" is permeated with a strong Buddhist color, which is a rare Buddhist art treasure.

space design

In order to create a Six Dynasties museum with vitality and attraction to the audience, the space design in the museum also took great pains. The design of the exhibition hall highlights the landscape and changes the scene step by step. There are almost no solid walls in the exhibition hall. Instead, bamboo, lotus leaves and other plants are used to set the scene for partition, and then light and shadow effects are used to make the vision transparent and change the scene. The display cabinets for cultural relics also use non reflective glass, and the descriptions of cultural relics use the name plates of iron carving.

On the second floor of the museum, in the audience's rest area, according to the artistic conception of "Orchid Pavilion elegant collection", a small piece of winding water cup is specially designed. The calligraphy work "Orchid Pavilion preface" is hung around, and the rectangular low chair is designed and made according to the pottery couch unearthed from the tombs of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. There are two headphone jacks on the seat, so the audience can enjoy the music of the Six Dynasties, such as "mountains and rivers", "Guanglingsan", as long as they bring their own headphones. Among them, the whole person's body and mind are also relaxed in the elegant and quiet atmosphere.

"If the exhibition of the capital of the Six Dynasties on the lower floor is the root of the museum, the more than 1000 cultural relics of the Six Dynasties on display are the soul," Bai Ning said. We can imagine that the audience sitting on the same collapse as in the Six Dynasties, listening to the ancient sounds of the Six Dynasties and appreciating the millennium cultural relics in our imitated house of the six dynasties can not only enjoy the beauty of art, but also feel the profound history and culture. "

Collection

The Six Dynasties Museum in Nanjing was officially opened to the public on August 11. The museum displays the Six Dynasties period nearly a thousand years ago

Among the precious cultural relics such as porcelains and terracotta figures, the treasures of the town hall, the "underglaze color feather pattern pan Kou pot" and the "celadon lotus statue", also lifted the mysterious veil for the first time.

The exhibition focuses on the appearance of the capital city of the Six Dynasties and its historical and cultural achievements. There are about 1200 cultural relics on display, most of which are from the archaeological relics unearthed in Nanjing Museum.

Cicada pattern Jinyu

Unearthed from the tomb of GAOSONG family in xianheguan, Nanjing.

From the Han Dynasty to the Jin Dynasty, the cicada pattern gold shield was often matched with the Diao tail, which was collectively called "Diao Chan", and was the symbolic crown ornament of Shizhong and Changshi. This one is made of gold. The top is sharp and mountain shaped. The theme decoration is a hollow cicada pattern

Chinese PinYin : Nan Jing Liu Chao Bo Wu Guan