Xijiaomin Lane

Xijiaomin lane is located in the south of Xicheng District. Starting from Tiananmen Square in the East and Xinhua Street in the west, it is about 1080 meters long. It was called Xijiang Mi Lane in Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, the homonym was changed to Xijiaominxiang. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, xijiaomin lane was called Bank Street. In the street, there are Zhang Tingge house (the owner's house of Shuanghesheng distillery), the former site of the central bank's Beiping branch, the former site of the agricultural and Industrial Bank of China, the former site of the mainland bank and the former site of the Beiyang Baoshang Bank (both of which were rebuilt into the new museum of Chinese coins in 2002).

Xijiaomin Lane

Xijiaomin lane is a Hutong in Beijing. It is located in the south of Xicheng District of Beijing, parallel to Chang'an Street. It starts from chongwenmennei street in the East, ends at North Xinhua Street in the west, and intersects with Maomao Hutong, qianxiwachang Hutong, nianer Hutong, Ping'an Hutong, West Road of the Great Hall of the people and bingbuwa Hutong in the middle. The total length is 6.5 km. It is the longest Hutong in Beijing, with 146 house numbers. The Hutong was called "Xijiang Mi lane" on the map of Ming and Qing Dynasties. Xijiaominxiang is a financial street from the late Qing Dynasty to the late 20th century. In the street, there are Zhang Tingge house (the owner's house of Shuanghesheng distillery), the former site of the central bank's Beiping branch, the former site of the agricultural and Industrial Bank of China, the former site of the mainland bank and the former site of the Beiyang Baoshang bank.

Historical changes

Ming and Qing Dynasties

Xijiaomin lane and dongjiaomin lane were collectively referred to as jiangmi Lane in Ming Dynasty. Jiangmi is glutinous rice. There are two archways at the entrance of dongxijiaomin lane, named Fuwen in the East and Zhenwu in the West. The 26th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1900)

It was destroyed when the eight countries invaded Beijing.

In the early years, there were some Yamen in xijiaomin lane, such as Xingbu, Dali temple, duchayuan, Taichang temple, luanyiwei and so on. Today, there is a north-south road outside the South Gate of the Great Hall of the people, that is, the location of the Ministry of justice in the Qing Dynasty, which was changed to the Ministry of justice after the Republic of China, and its name is the Ministry of justice street. Today, Beijing Intermediate People's court is located in the Chayuan and Dali Temple of the Qing Dynasty.

Late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China

In the early years of Xijiao Minxiang, there were many banks. In the Qing Dynasty, there was the Bank of Qing Dynasty. In the early years of the Republic of China, it was changed into the Bank of China. In addition, there were the mainland bank, Jincheng bank, Industrial Bank of China, etc. In 1999, when Tiananmen Square was rebuilt, municipal workers unearthed a stone plaque on the west side of Chairman Mao's memorial hall, engraved with the five characters "Sixing savings association", weighing about one kilogram, about 1.5 meters long, about one meter wide and about 30 cm thick.

This stone plaque originated from xijiaomin lane. On January 9, 1999, Beijing Evening News published an article about it: "experts say that this plaque was carved in the 1920s, which is of great significance to the study of early commercial banks in Beijing. The "four banks" in the "four banks savings association" refers to the salt bank, Jincheng bank, the mainland bank and the Bank of China, while the "four banks savings association" is the institution in which the four banks cooperate to export banking business. "

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the banking industry rose in Beijing. At that time, the financial street was located in dongjiaomin lane, xijiaomin lane and its vicinity. Since the revolution of 1911, banks in this area have formed a considerable scale. According to records, before 1921, banks competed to build buildings in xijiaomin lane. In addition to the four banks mentioned above, there were central bank, Bank of communications, Bank of China, agricultural and Industrial Bank of China, fushunde bank, Ping An insurance company, Zhengjin Bank of Japan, Dao Sheng Bank of Russia, Citibank of the United States, HSBC Bank of the United Kingdom, etc. Today, there is an old building in the south of Zhengyi Road, dongjiaomin lane, which is the former site of Japan's Zhengjin bank. Today, the two old buildings in the north gate of Beijing Public Security Bureau, namely, the former sites of HSBC Bank and Citibank bank, have declined in the market, so they have not recovered.

"Xijiaominxiang" in Yandu congkao "means that in June 1928, the Nanjing government" Second Northern Expedition "drove away the Fengxi warlord zhang zuolin in Beijing, cancelled Beijing's status as the capital of the Northern Warlord government, and reduced Beijing to" Beiping special city ". Since then, all the departments of the Beiyang government have moved to Nanjing and merged with the Nanjing government, which is known as "the government moved to the South". The embassies in Dongjiaominxiang also moved to Nanjing. China's financial center moved to Shanghai. Since then, the Bank Street in xijiaomin lane has been gradually neglected. Even so, on the eve of the liberation of Beijing in 1949, there were still 15 banks and 2 banks in xijiaomin lane.

The founding of new China

In February 1949, after the peaceful liberation of Beijing, the head office of the people's Bank of China moved from the liberated area to xijiaomin Lane in Beijing and settled in the former site of the former Qing Dynasty bank.

In 1969, the head office of the people's Bank of China moved to the Ministry of Finance Building in Sanlihe, Xicheng District, and the former site of Daqing bank became a dormitory for the staff of the bank. After the "Cultural Revolution", in order to expand the dormitory, the old western style building of the Bank of Qing Dynasty was demolished. According to an old cadre who was the chief of the infrastructure department and personally directed the demolition, the two-story old building was extremely solid, with two underground floors full of coffers. It took the boss's efforts to demolish it. Today, in the former home of the Qing Dynasty bank, No. 27, xijiaomin lane, only the lower part of the two pillars at the entrance, there are still carved stone piers left over from the Qing Dynasty.

In the "Cultural Revolution", the red guards changed the names of streets and alleys, reflecting the characteristics of anti imperialism. In this period, xijiaomin lane was changed into Anti imperialist West Road. After the cultural revolution, the name of Xijiaominxiang was restored.

geographical position

Xijiaomin lane is located in the south of Xicheng District, Beijing. It starts from chongwenmennei street in the East, ends at beixinhua street in the west, and intersects with Maomao Hutong, qianxiwachang Hutong, nianer Hutong, Ping'an Hutong, West Road of the Great Hall of the people and bingbuwa Hutong in the middle.

Hutong architecture

There are some old bank buildings on the street of xijiaomin lane, which shows that this ancient street was once the "Bank Street" of old Beijing.

Bank of China

The mainland bank is located in the east of xijiaomin lane. It was founded in 1919 by Tan lisun. He was the manager of Bank of China Nanjing branch and the manager of Bank of China Beijing Branch. Continental Bank first built a building on the south side of Xiheyan road outside Qianmen, then on the east side of xijiaomin lane, facing south from north, opposite Jincheng bank, which was built in 1922. People praised the building for its magnificent appearance and magnificent facilities. The base of the building is made of large granite, the upper cornice is protruded out, the entrance gate is decorated with key decoration, the three-story arch is embedded with voucher columns, and the Collins pilasters are made on both sides. The business hall of the building has a marble counter, the roof is inlaid with colored glass, and the indoor equipment and furniture are specially made. There is a clock tower on the top of the building. The master clock of the building is connected with the slave clock. The circular clock on the top of the building is attractive from far and near. The house we talked about is in the Hutong at the back door of the bank. It's convenient for the house and the bank to come and go. In today's words, it's a "behaviorist".

Beiyang Baoshang bank

Beiyang Baoshang bank, founded in 1910, was originally established to clear up the money owed by Tianjin businessmen and maintain Tianjin Huayang business. In 1919, all the goals were achieved. In 1920, it was reorganized into an ordinary commercial bank and rebuilt a new building in Xijiao Minxiang. It was closed after the July 7 Incident. In February 1938, the puppet regime in North China established the "China United Reserve Bank" at this building. This is the origin of the "ready ticket" of the enemy and puppet currency that once circulated in North China. The building is now the Museum of Chinese coins.

From the appearance, the building of Baoshang bank is no different from those foreign bank buildings with abundant capital in dongjiaomin lane. The building is a three story building with granite facade as Greek colonnade and protruding cornice. It is a typical modern bank building.

Golden Bank

Jincheng bank, named Jincheng, is to adopt Jincheng Tangchi, which means permanent and solid. Both mainland China and Jincheng were big banks in the old days. Jincheng bank building is a garden like building with a unique style. Zhou zuomin, the founder of Jincheng bank, was a famous banker in Bank of communications. He is committed to the development of the national economy, strong and unremitting operation of Jincheng bank, known as the bank wizard. He loves his motherland and pursues progress. After the liberation of the whole country, he took the lead in requiring five banks to join the joint venture and the whole industry public-private joint venture, and was elected as the vice chairman of the public-private joint venture bank. He died of heart disease on March 8, 1955. According to his will, his family belonged to 1957, and all his property was transported back to Beijing from Hong Kong. Among them, some US dollars and stocks, 5300 books and 1405 cultural relics were donated to the state.

bank

In August 1905, Hubu bank, the first official bank in China, was opened here. Later, due to the change of the name of the Ministry of household, it was renamed Du branch.

The central bank was established by the national government in 1928, named after its nature. Beiping branch of the central bank was established in 1931. It is located in the east section of xijiaomin lane, where the service department of China Financial Publishing House is now located. Its front facing northwest is a long building from south to north.

The central bank building is a long two-story building from south to north, with a semicircle veranda at the entrance and a parapet outside the eaves. It was found that the original Eagle shaped sign was still vaguely left on the lintel.

Entering the building, you can see that the walls are inlaid with large pieces of marble, which is magnificent. Behind rows of bookshelves, I accidentally found an entrance to the "vault", just like the old bank vault we saw on TV.

In fact, the earliest central bank in China was the Ministry of accounts bank established in 1905

Chinese PinYin : Xi Jiao Min Xiang