Yakou Village

Yakou Village

Yakou village is located in the southeast of Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province. This seaside village is well-known because it still implements the people's commune system and lives in the noisy market economy of the Pearl River Delta.

General situation

Yakou village is an administrative village under the jurisdiction of Nanlang Town, Zhongshan City, with eight villager groups. The five main members of the Dongbao, Xibao, Pingshan, Zhongbao and Xiangxi groups are tan, Yang, Lu and Xiao. Tan, Yang, Lu and Xiao were the original four surnames in Yakou village. After liberation, they received some foreign households, and there were 53 surnames in the village.

Yakou village is located in the western part of the Pearl River Estuary, with well-developed transportation and good information. It is adjacent to Zhuhai City in the south, Lingdingyang in the East, and Shenzhen and Hong Kong across the sea. It has fertile land and mild climate. The annual rainfall is 2000-3000 mm. It can cultivate, grow and support. It is a unique land for fishing and rice.

Historical evolution

Yakou village has a history of nearly seven hundred years. The ancestors of Yakou people migrated to this place during the Southern Song Dynasty to settle down. They developed land close to mountains and rivers and cultivated for generations. Yakou village was economically developed before liberation. It was the logistics base of Wuguishan guerrillas and an old revolutionary base. After liberation, leaders at all levels attached great importance to this village. In the 1960s and 1970s, it was a militia site of Guangdong Provincial Military Region, Foshan military region and Zhongshan Armed Forces Department. The three-level Army leaders have been stationed for a long time, trained the militia, strengthened the coastal defense construction, and worked hard for more than ten years, which has laid a solid political foundation for the development of the village.

rural economy

The original land of the village is more than 40 square kilometers, about 60000 mu. In addition to forests, trees, homesteads, roads and rivers, there are more than 40000 mu of arable land. The village is mainly engaged in agricultural planting and breeding, with 3000 mu of paddy land, all mechanized production; more than 3000 mu of freshwater fish ponds; most of the rest are salt and freshwater farms developed by using reclaimed land Water culture, ecological conditions, aquaculture shrimp, crab and other high-grade aquatic products.

economic form

Yakou village was liberated in 1949, land reform was carried out in 1952, mutual assistance and cooperation was carried out in 1954 to establish the senior commune, and then experienced the people's commune, the four Qing movements and the cultural revolution. In all periods of history, the party committees at higher levels are very concerned about and support the development of villages and have made great contributions.

After the Third Plenary Session of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 1978, there was no large-scale contract work in Yakou village. In that year, the country increased the task of food production by more than 1200 catties per year, as well as the tasks of pig, bird, egg and oil.

Yakou village is close to Hong Kong and Macao. Many people in the village have relations with Hong Kong and Macao. In the early days of opening up and reform, many people went to work in Hong Kong and Macao, and some went to do business and open factories. The strong leave the village and start their own business. Most of the people who stay in the village are vulnerable groups. These peasants, who have no good social relations, have a poor family background, low educational background, and no technology. They have long followed the path of common prosperity with the Communist Party, and have been used to the collective mode of production, survival, and life. Once they share the responsibility fields and various social tasks among them, and let them make a living separately, they can't bear such heavy social tasks, and they don't know what to do It's really difficult to wander along the wrong road.

As a local party organization, we do not have the heart to force all responsibilities and tasks to them and leave them alone. Under such circumstances, we proposed at that time (1979) to open up in an all-round way and implement "one village, two systems" so that the villagers can choose freely. They can take the road of market economy (in fact, let them take the road of capitalism) or stay and continue to take the road of common prosperity. In this way, we organized the disadvantaged peasants left behind in the villages and continued to engage in collective production by protecting the weak and distributing them according to their work.

We continue to adhere to the road of collectivization and have the support of Party committees at all levels. At that time, Xie Mingren, Secretary of Zhongshan County Party committee, said: Zhongshan does not adopt a one size fits all approach. Villagers like this approach and let it be their choice. Ou Qingfu, Secretary of the Party committee of Nanlang Town, also expressed support for the model of Yakou village. Under the leadership of the Party branch, the peasants in the remaining villages continue this system.

In order to maintain the development of the collective economy, we have also adopted two ways in economy. One is the collective economy, which is inefficient. It is impossible to maintain sustainable development only by relying on the collective economy. So we implement another economic model - market economy. The combination of the two kinds of economy, making use of the market economy to earn wealth, supporting the development of the collective economy, subsidizing farmers' agricultural income, carrying out water conservancy and road construction, leveling the land, and introducing agricultural machinery, has replaced the backward farming mode of traditional agriculture, reduced farmers' labor intensity, shortened labor time, improved production efficiency, improved various agricultural infrastructure, from planting to planting Scientific management should be carried out in all aspects, such as conservation, varieties and farming methods,

In order to deal with the distribution of interests between the two systems, we completed the land reclamation project in 2002 and implemented the joint-stock system with 20000 mu of reclaimed land. For all the agricultural households in Yakou Village (in the case of China's dual division, farmers can only rely on land to survive), they were given five Mu and five cents per person according to the agricultural population at a time, and an organization was set up for them - Yakou villagers' land stock foundation. The organization operates in a unified way, collects rents, and distributes dividends to shareholders every year. Villagers who do not participate in collective production and start their own businesses can also get a share of the village economy. In 2008, most of the shareholders agreed to sell more than 11700 mu of land to Zhongshan land reserve center at one time, which sold for more than 540 million yuan. After the whole village bought social security and medical insurance, each shareholder could get 1142000 yuan.

In 2006, we implemented the second joint-stock system according to the arrangement of the superior government. We have only defined the joint-stock system once this time, but not quantified it. Its functions are: first, to maintain the village to continue to implement first-class management; second, to resettle farmers for employment; third, to undertake the construction of the village; fourth, to bear social management costs; fifth, to bear social welfare; sixth, to bear the unpredictable major natural disasters and other expenses.

The functions of the two share-holding systems are different. Our consideration is to reconcile social contradictions. Yakou village has a history of 700 years. In various periods, middle-aged young people in the village like to leave the village to make a living and start a business at home and abroad. According to the traditional Chinese philosophy, these people will seek their ancestors in their old age and return to their roots in order to enjoy their old age.

These resources and land are also accumulated by generations of entrepreneurs. If the generation left in the village eats up all the resources and the people who go out to make a living have no share, it is not very fair. If those who go out to make a living encounter war or political changes in the future, they will not even have their homeland, which will cause social unrest and instability and become a political problem. Moreover, we don't have the heart to take the blessing of future generations in advance to enjoy it. Therefore, our second joint-stock system is only defined once, not quantified to people.

We have been in the form of a community for more than 50 years, especially 30 years of opening up and reform. We feel that we have achieved success in several aspects

1、 There is no gap between the rich and the poor and polarization in Yakou village. The land, resources and assets in the village are controlled by the collective, and will not be taken or occupied by the so-called capable and strong people in the village. The phenomenon that the rich get richer and the poor get poorer is formed. We organized the peasants who remained in the village and continued to take the collective road. By working together and getting paid according to work, we placed the disadvantaged peasants in employment, so that they could become rich through labor, but without harming the interests of the strong.

2、 We have solved the problem of the way out for traditional agriculture. We have gradually transferred from the original farming to the whole agricultural machinery farming, from the decentralized management to the intensive management, so as to coordinate the development of productivity and production relations. We have improved the construction of water conservancy, rural roads, embankments and sluices, adjusted plant protection according to local conditions, implemented scientific farming, avoided natural threats to the greatest extent, and achieved the goal of ensuring the income from drought and flood.

3、 We have accumulated a lot of wealth and resources. Over the past 30 years, we have invested a lot of money in building agricultural infrastructure, purchasing agricultural machinery and improving the appearance of villages. We have also reclaimed more than 30000 mu of land, with an average annual increase of more than 1000 mu.

4、 We have paid great attention to protecting the living environment since the 1970s. A cleaning team of nearly 40 people was set up to keep the village clean. We have a choice for industrial development. We do not accept polluting industries even if their profits are very high. We started the industry very early. In the mid-1970s, we already started the machinery industry. From 1979 to 1981, we introduced ten foreign-funded factories to process raw materials, with more than 2000 workers. In the process of industrial operation, we find that capital, equipment and technology are all in the market. Businessmen use our cheap land, labor and energy to make production here. After processing finished products, they are transported out of the international market and earn wealth. In addition to repaying the investment in equipment, the remaining processing fees are very small. What is more terrible is that industrial waste, industrial waste water, waste gas and intensive domestic waste of production workers seriously pollute the environment in the village, pollute the groundwater, and cause some local original species to gradually disappear, plants and trees to wither, affecting the living and living environment. Therefore, in the mid-1980s, we abandoned industrial development, preferring to lose part of our profits while protecting our resources and production

Chinese PinYin : Ya Kou Cun