Danjiangkou Dam

Located in Danjiangkou City, 800 meters downstream of the confluence of Hanjiang River and its tributary Danjiang River. The hydraulic structure of the project is composed of a concrete dam, a power plant, a ship lift lifting system and two diversion channels 30 km upstream. After the founding of new China, it is a large-scale hub for China's self-designed, self power generation, irrigation, shipping and breeding comprehensive utilization

Danjiangkou Dam

Danjiangkou dam is located in Danjiangkou City, Shiyan City, northwest Hubei Province, 800 meters downstream of the confluence of Hanjiang River and its tributary Danjiang River. The hydraulic structure of the project is composed of a concrete dam, a power plant, a ship lift lifting system and two diversion channels 30 km upstream. Zhou Enlai, then Premier of the State Council, praised the Danjiangkou dam as the only water conservancy project with "five benefits" in China.

On March 25, 1958, the Chengdu meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee officially approved the commencement of the Danjiangkou Project.

It is a large-scale water conservancy project designed, built and managed by our country after the founding of new China. It is mainly for flood control and has comprehensive utilization of power generation, irrigation, shipping and breeding. It is not only a key project to eradicate and develop the Hanjiang River, but also a compulsory water source project for the Middle Route Project of South to north water diversion. The total length of Danjiangkou dam is 2.5km, the maximum dam height of the project is 97m, the dam crest elevation is 162m, six generating units are installed inside, the installed capacity is 900000kw, and the annual average generating capacity is 4 billion kwh.

After Danjiangkou dam heightening is completed, Danjiangkou reservoir will become the water diversion source of the Middle Route Project of South to north water diversion. The crest height of Danjiangkou dam will be increased to 176.6 meters, the water level of Danjiangkou reservoir will reach 175 meters, and the storage capacity will be increased to 29.05 billion cubic meters. In the near future, the average annual water transfer is 9.7 billion cubic meters, and in the future, it can reach 13 billion cubic meters. It is used to solve the production and domestic water consumption of more than 20 large and medium-sized cities in Henan, Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin along the middle route of the south to North Water Diversion Project, as well as agricultural and ecological water consumption.

On the top of the dam, you can have a bird's-eye view of Danjiangkou City. There are lots of buildings, green mountains and clear water, white walls and tiles. Looking up from afar, Wudang Mountain reappears faintly; looking back and looking down, the majestic dam locks the Han River, and the Danjiangkou reservoir has a vast expanse of blue water. It is a colorful picture and a good place for tourism.

second-phase project

On March 31, 2010, as the last concrete tank was put into storage and vibrated, the last concrete dam section of Danjiangkou dam heightening project was heightened to the design elevation of 176.6M. So far, all 54 dam sections of Danjiangkou Dam need to be heightened to the top. This marks a major stage victory of Danjiangkou dam heightening project, the source project of the Middle Route Project of South to north water diversion.

Danjiangkou dam heightening project is built on the basis of Danjiangkou Water Control Project in 1973. After the completion of the project, the elevation of the dam body will be increased from 162 meters to 176.6 meters, the elevation of the overflow weir crest of the surface outlet dam section will be increased from 138 meters to 152 meters, the scale of the ship lift will be increased from 150 tons to 300 tons, and the task will be adjusted to focus on flood control and water supply, combined with comprehensive utilization of power generation and shipping. The increase of normal water level from 157 m to 170 M can increase the storage capacity by 11.6 billion cubic meters. Through optimal operation, the average water supply for the first phase of the middle route project is 9.5 billion cubic meters, which plays a great role in alleviating the shortage of water resources in North China, promoting the sustainable economic and social development and improving the ecological environment in North China, and can serve the second phase of the Middle Route Project of South to north water diversion The project will lay the foundation for water diversion and heighten the dam, which will further improve the flood control capacity of the reservoir and the flood control standard of the downstream, and create favorable conditions for reducing the flood control pressure of the Hanjiang River and the Hankou section of the main stream of the Yangtze River and Wuhan city. The construction of the project can also improve the power generation of the hub and the navigation conditions of the main stream of the Hanjiang River. The total investment of the project is 2.425 billion yuan.

Danjiangkou dam heightening is different from the new dam, because it is widening and heightening on the basis of the original dam, the technology is complex, the construction is difficult, the process requirements are high, and the construction layout is restricted. During the construction period of dam heightening, the project is still in normal operation, which is responsible for flood control, power generation and other tasks. In addition, it is very difficult to control the temperature of slope concrete in Danjiangkou dam heightening project. Due to the strict requirements of concrete temperature control and in order to ensure the safety of flood season, the heightening of slope concrete and overflow dam can not be carried out all year round, and can only be carried out in low temperature season and dry season.

Since the construction of Danjiangkou dam heightening project started on September 26, 2005, through the efforts of all participants, gratifying achievements have been achieved: on November 25, 2005, the main body concrete of the first warehouse started pouring, creating a good performance of the preliminary preparation project and the main body project started construction in the same year. On March 7, 2007, the first warehouse dam heightening concrete began pouring. On June 23, 2007, the heightening and sloping concrete of the dam reached the original crest elevation. On December 28, 2008, the earth rock dam on the right bank was filled to the design elevation of 176.6M. On June 20, 2009, the concrete dam crest was fully connected.

Historical evolution

Engineering conception

On October 30, 1952, Chairman Mao Zedong went out to Beijing for inspection. He chose the Yellow River, which is regarded as the "Mother River" by the Chinese nation.

In Mangshan, near the Yellow River in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, Wang Huayun, director of the Yellow River Water Conservancy Commission, reported on the harnessing of the Yellow River and put forward the idea of diverting water from the Yangtze River to supplement the Yellow River. Chairman Mao Zedong looked at the surging Yellow River and thought a little. He suddenly said, "there is more water in the South than in the north. It's OK to borrow a little." The grand strategic concept of South to north water diversion has been put forward.

On February 19, 1953, Mao Zedong boarded the warship "Changjiang" from the Wuhan military wharf and went to Nanjing along the river. When the warship left the dock, Lin Yishan, director of the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Commission, was ordered to board. After focusing on the construction concept of the Three Gorges project, Mao Zedong mentioned again: "there is more water in the south, but less water in the north. Can we lend some to the north? Have you studied this problem? " At that time, the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Commission mainly focused on eradicating the Yangtze River flood and the demonstration of the Three Gorges Project. Lin Yishan was not prepared for the problem suddenly raised by Mao Zedong. He could only confess that he did not have it.

Mao Zedong has obviously thought about it for a long time. He stood in front of a map, with a red pencil in his hand, the tip of which was slightly suspended, pointing out the country's rivers and mountains, and put forward his tentative water diversion sites one by one. Until the pencil pointed to the Hanjiang River, Lin Yishan replied, "Hanjiang River is possible. The upper reaches of the Hanjiang river run parallel to the Weihe River and the Yellow River to the East, separated by the Qinling Mountains and Funiu Mountains. From west to East, the more water the Hanjiang River flows to the lower reaches, the smaller the diversion works. This will make it possible to find a suitable place to build a water diversion project so that the water from the Han River can be diverted to North China through the Yellow River. "

Listening to Lin Yishan's words, Mao Zedong was in a good mood. He used a pencil to draw many bars along the curve of the Han River. When his pencil pointed to the entrance of Danjiang River into Hanjiang River, he suddenly drew a circle and asked, "is this place OK?" Lin Yishan blurted out: "here is the most possible, and it may be the best diversion line."

Mao Zedong's pen remains at Danjiangkou, Shiyan City, which can be said to be in line with Lin Yishan's mind. Before that, the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Commission had done a lot of preliminary work from the perspective of flood control and comprehensive utilization of water resources of the Han River, and basically confirmed that the construction of Danjiangkou Water Control Project is the best engineering scheme for the development of the Han River. Only because the plan has not been completed, it has not been reported to the central government.

After getting Lin Yishan's affirmative answer, Mao Zedong said happily, "send someone to investigate immediately after you go back, and write to me as soon as you have information."

When the warship was approaching Nanjing, Mao Zedong once again said to Lin Yishan, "we will not consider starting work on the Three Gorges issue for the time being. I just want to find out the bottom first, but we should pay close attention to the south to north water diversion."

In 1954, when the Yangtze River was flooded, Mao Zedong took a special train to inspect along the Beijing Guangzhou line. When passing through Wuhan, he listened to Lin Yishan's report on the Three Gorges Project. Lin Yishan told Mao Zedong: "it's not too difficult for us to do the Three Gorges Project by ourselves, but we need to put it after the completion of the Danjiangkou Water Control Project, because the scale of this project can be regarded as the world's first-class large project. With this experience, we can raise our technical level to be competent for the design of the Three Gorges Project. " Mao Zedong expressed his appreciation.

In the middle of December 1954, Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi and Zhou Enlai talked with Lin Yishan about the technical feasibility of the construction of the Three Gorges project, and entrusted the Danjiangkou Water Control Project with the mission of "training troops for the Three Gorges Project".

In the early 1950s, the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Commission organized a comprehensive survey of the main and tributaries of the Hanjiang River, and finally selected the Danjiangkou Water conservancy project as the main project of the Hanjiang River Basin planning.

Preparation period

On March 25, 1958, the Chengdu meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee officially approved the commencement of the Danjiangkou Project. The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting in Chengdu. Premier Zhou Enlai formally proposed the construction of Danjiangkou Water Control Project at the meeting according to Chairman Mao's idea of South to North Water Diversion and the planning of experts, which was supported and approved by the meeting. Chairman Mao Zedong said excitedly at the meeting: "open up Tongtianhe and Bailong

Chinese PinYin : Dan Jiang Kou Da Ba