Garden of Harmonious Virtue

Dehe garden is in the east gate of the summer palace. To the north of Renshou hall is Dehe garden, the former site of Yichun hall in Qianlong period (1736-1795). During the reign of Emperor Guangxu (1875-1908), the main buildings were the Grand Theater, Yile hall and Qingshan hall, which were the places for Cixi to watch the opera. The grand theater building was first built in 1891 and completed in 1895. The stage is 17 meters wide and 21 meters high. It has three floors up and down and two floors of the backstage makeup building. There are seven "patios" on the roof and "patios" in the floor. There are wells and five square pools at the bottom of the stage. When performing ghost plays, they can come down from the sky, come out from the earth, and even lead water to the stage.

Garden of Harmonious Virtue

Dehe garden is in the east gate of the summer palace. To the north of Renshou hall is Dehe garden, the former site of Yichun hall in Qianlong period (1736-1795). During the reign of Emperor Guangxu (1875-1908), the main buildings were the Grand Theater, Yile hall and Qingshan hall, which were the places for Cixi to watch the opera. The grand theater building was first built in 1891 and completed in 1895. The stage is 17 meters wide and 21 meters high. It has three floors up and down and two floors of the backstage makeup building. There are seven "patios" on the roof and "patios" in the floor. There are wells and five square pools at the bottom of the stage. When performing ghost plays, they can come down from the sky, come out from the earth, and even lead water to the stage.

brief introduction

Beijing, summer palace and Dehe garden. Dehe garden is a group of large-scale buildings specially built for Cixi opera, which is composed of a large theater building and two-story drama building, Yile hall, Theater Gallery, etc. The three story theater building in the garden, 21 meters high, is the largest existing ancient stage in China. Facing the Grand Theater is the Yile hall, which was built for Cixi to watch the opera.

In the northwest of Renshou hall, Cixi spent 710000 taels of silver in 1891 to build a place for her to listen to opera. At that time, it was called the three major stages of the Qing palace together with the Changyin Pavilion in the Forbidden City and the Qingyin Pavilion in Chengde summer resort. Deheyuan opera building has three floors and is 21 meters high. The bottom stage is 17 meters wide. There is a patio on the top of the stage and a ground well at the bottom. According to the needs of the plot, actors can descend from the patio or drill out from the ground well. There is a winch frame on the second floor of the stage, which is ready for the setting of the mechanism. There is a well under the stage. When the performance needs, the water spring can be ejected from the stage.

The plaque on the upper floor of the Grand Theater is "celebrate changchen", which means to perform on auspicious days to celebrate the birthday. The middle level plaque is "Chengping Yutai". It means to eulogize the merits and virtues with music at the time of peace and prosperity. The plaque on the lower floor is "Huan Lu Rong Pao", which means happy performance and glorious performance.

According to the records of the Qing palace, during the 13 years from the completion of the Grand Theater in the 21st year of Guangxu to the death of Cixi in the 34th year of Guangxu, in the first 11 years alone, she watched the opera 262 times a year, up to 40 times a year. Every time she came to the garden, she would come to the theatre the next day. She was still here 35 days before she died. There is no ordinary auditorium in this theater. Cixi is accompanied by Empress Fu Jin and others in the Yile palace opposite the stage. Guangxu can only sit on the porch to accompany her. The East and West porches originally have no doors and windows, and they are places for princes and ministers to watch the opera.

stage

The third floor of the stage is called fulushou three stage. The small stage on the first floor is used as the orchestra's music pool, and the other two are used for performance. Located at the backstage of the grand stage, the costume props of the time, jingtailan made Magu medicine collection, the sedan chair and car for Cixi, and an oil painting painted by an American Dutch painter for Cixi are on display. It, together with Changyin Pavilion in the Forbidden City and Qingyin Pavilion in Chengde Mountain Resort, Hebei Province, is known as the three major theatrical buildings in the Qing Dynasty, but it is the largest, with exquisite architecture and grand momentum.

Ancient music of chime bells

Yesterday, as one of the three major theatrical buildings in the Qing Dynasty, deheyuan theater in the summer palace performed Grand Palace songs and dances for tourists for the first time this year. Chimes and chimes were also used in the performance. They are the oldest and most primitive palace musical instruments in Chinese history. They were only performed in the imperial palace for sacrifices and banquets in the past dynasties. This time, chime music and dance was performed in Dehe garden, which combined the charm of architecture, history, culture and music, injected vitality into Dehe Garden Theater, and vividly demonstrated the garden art of Dehe garden as the Palace Theater of the Qing Dynasty . According to Kan Yue, the director of the summer palace, deheyuan stage was built in 1891. It is known as the three main theatres of the Qing palace together with Changyin Pavilion in the Forbidden City and Qingyin Pavilion in Chengde Mountain Resort in Hebei Province. The architectural specifications and historical connotation of deheyuan opera house are the best among the three opera houses, which can be regarded as the representative of the peak in ancient China. The theater building is composed of a three-story singing theater and a two-story acting theater. From top to bottom, the singing theater building is divided into three stages: Fu, Lu and Shou. It can perform at the same time. It also has a turnover board, windlass and high-pressure water machine, which can show the scenes of Immortals coming to earth, ghosts escaping and water spraying. There are five wells hidden in the bottom of the theater building to enhance the resonance effect of the performance. According to director Kan Yue, this year's Dehe palace song and dance performances in the summer palace are divided into three tracks: Yangguan Sandie, Zhuzhici and Dage.

Government repair work

Reply on the renovation project of Dehe garden of the Summer Palace

Cultural relics guarantee [2011] No.139

Beijing Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics:

We have received your "request for instructions on the renovation project of Dehe garden in the summer palace" (jinghuishi No. 1322). After research, our reply is as follows:

1、 We agree with the proposal in principle.

2、 Dehe garden is an important part of the summer palace, which has important historical, artistic and scientific value. Its renovation project should adhere to the principle of not changing the original state of cultural relics and minimum intervention, pay attention to the preservation of historical relics in different historical periods, make full use of the original components, and protect the authenticity and integrity of the heritage to the greatest extent.

3、 The following modification suggestions are put forward for the building maintenance part of the proposed scheme:

（1） Take the supplement of "Beijing document on the protection and repair of cultural relic buildings in East Asia" as the design basis, further deepen the survey and design, supplement the details of important nodes of other projects except wood decoration, accurately mark the damage, clarify the calculation basis of maintenance quantity, and control the maintenance quantity.

（2） For the large glass outside the gable of Qingshan hall, proper treatment methods should be put forward; if the West duty room of Qingshan hall needs water, the water supply and drainage design should be supplemented.

（3） The distribution of fire hydrant should be adjusted to make it more reasonable.

（4） The function of each part of Dehe garden after repair should be supplemented. According to the relevant functions, the lighting and electrical layout of the building should be considered as a whole. In order to avoid potential safety hazards, the use of electrical appliances should be limited, and the selection of lighting fixtures and light sources should be more targeted.

4、 The following suggestions are put forward for the renovation of color paintings in the proposed scheme:

（1） The "Beijing memorandum on the protection of color paintings of East Asian wooden buildings" will be supplemented as the design basis, and the survey and design will be further deepened, and the current survey photos will be supplemented.

（2） Further strengthen the research to provide more solid basis for redrawing color painting.

（3） We should try our best to use the traditional technology and pigment to make up and redraw the color painting; we should make up the part that does not exist in the original color painting, not redraw it.

（4） The size of the color painting should not only reflect the characteristics of the color painting of Hexi in Guangxu period, but also conform to the specific situation of deheyuan.

（5） It is not suitable to use inverted inside method to draw hoops on the outer eaves of the skirt buildings on both sides of the gate. It is suggested to maintain the status quo.

（6） The name and proportion of chemical reagents for removing bird droppings and other pollutants, the name and proportion of "protection reagents conforming to cultural relics specifications" and "light adhesive", and the content of "cultural relics specifications" should be clearly defined. The test should be carried out before using chemical reagent to remove dust.

（7） After using naked oats dough to remove dust, we should pay attention to remove the residue of naked oats dough to avoid causing biological damage.

（8） Considering the destructive effect of alum water hydrolysis on color painting, it is suggested to use other cementing materials.

5、 According to the above opinions, your bureau is requested to guide the relevant units to modify and improve the scheme, which will be implemented after being approved by your bureau. During the construction, the supervision and supervision should be strengthened, and the records of the current situation of ancient buildings and color paintings and the construction process should be made well. The designers should timely improve the scheme design according to the site conditions, so as to ensure the safety of cultural relics and personnel and the quality of the project. After construction, it is suggested to publish the project report as soon as possible.

That's it.

State Administration of Cultural Heritage

February 12, 2011

Address: No.19, Xinjian Gongmen Road, Haidian District, Beijing

Longitude: 116.28055508466

Latitude: 39.998658183851

Chinese PinYin : De He Yuan