Shandong University

Shandong University is a famous comprehensive university with a long history in China and one of the key universities directly under the Ministry of education. Its predecessor was the official Shandong University founded in Jinan in 1901. Since its establishment, Shandong University has gone through two historical stages from the late Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China to the people's Republic of China, which are semi colonial and semi feudal society and socialist society. During this period, it has changed its name several times, including closure, reconstruction, amalgamation and relocation. It has incorporated various kinds of universities in different periods, and has separated more than 10 colleges and universities.

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History of Shandong University

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The predecessor of Shandong University is the official Shandong University founded in Jinan in 1901. Since its establishment, Shandong University has gone through two historical stages from the late Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China to the people's Republic of China, which are semi colonial and semi feudal society and socialist society. During this period, it has changed its name several times, including closure, reconstruction, amalgamation and relocation. It has incorporated various kinds of universities in different periods, and has separated more than 10 colleges and universities.

Shandong University

In 1901, Yuan Shikai, the governor of Shandong Province, played "a copy of the Provisional Regulations of Shandong pilot University", and at the same time, he asked Li Yukai, the magistrate of Penglai, to make preparations. In October of that year, with the approval of the book, the official Shandong University was officially established in Luoyuan Academy of Jinan. Zhou Xuexi was appointed president of the general management office. The first group enrolled 300 students, divided into three groups: special Zhai, Zhengzhai, Beizhai and fenzhaiduke. More than 50 Chinese and western teachers were employed, and then the number increased to more than 110. Besides classics and history, there are more than 20 courses in Social Sciences, natural sciences and foreign languages. The length of schooling is three years at the beginning and four years later.

In 1904, the school moved to the new site of jinshiqiao in Jinan and changed to Shandong college.

In 1911, it was renamed Shandong University. In 1912, the national government implemented the system of setting up university districts in the whole country, universities in the central cities of each district, and specialized schools in each province. Shandong was subordinate to the central city of Beijing. According to the regulations, the university should be abolished, because it was waiting for the completion of two classes of regular subjects, and it was closed in 1914. The teachers and students were transferred to six special schools of law and politics, industry, agriculture, commerce, mining and medicine respectively. Ding Weichuan, the principal of the school, succeeded the principal of the school. The school buildings were used by the school. In the 14 years since its establishment, Shandong University has trained 770 graduates and selected 59 to study in Europe, America and Japan. Among them, Xu Jingxin, Zhang Boyan and others participated in the alliance in Japan and were appointed as the leaders of Shandong alliance by Dr. Sun Yat Sen. Shandong University is the first official university in Shandong Province and the starting point of Shandong University history.

Six specialized schools (law, industry, agriculture, commerce, mining, medicine)

In 1906, the law and politics school was set up in the Huanghua Hall of Jinan. The next year, it was called the first and second law and politics schools. In 1913, it was merged into Shandong public law and politics school.

In 1907, Shandong provincial governors Yang Shixiang and Wu Tingbin set up Shandong higher agricultural school in quanfuzhuang, Dongguan, Jinan. They used 5000 mu of land in the southern suburbs of Qianfo Mountain and the northern foot of Ma'anshan as their forest farm. In 1913, they changed their name to Shandong public agricultural school.

In 1912, ye Chunlong, a student studying in Japan, asked permission to set up a commercial school in Nanguan, Jinan, and later named it Shandong public commercial school.

In the same year, Gaomi secondary school of industry in Qingzhou Prefecture merged with Jinan Industrial school, and then merged into Shandong No.1 middle school. In the second year, Shandong public industrial school was established in Shangzhi Hall of No.1 middle school.

In 1915, Shandong Province set up a medical school. In 1916, it was renamed Shandong provincial medical school. The school was located in baihezhuang, Beiyuan, Jinan. In 1920, it was officially named Shandong public medical school.

In 1920, the mining school was expanded into a public mining school in Shandong Province, located in Dongguan, Jinan. The courses of the above six special schools are modern social sciences and natural sciences. Most of the teachers are foreign students from Europe, America and Japan. The length of schooling is generally three years and the length of schooling is four years. There are more than 4000 graduates in more than ten years. In the development history of Shandong University, these six special schools play a role of connecting the past and the future.

 

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the Republic of China era

In 1926, Zhang Zongchang, a warlord of Fengxi department, supervised Shandong Province and ordered the merger of six public specialized schools in Shandong Province to establish a provincial Shandong University in Jinan. Wang Shoupeng, director of the Department of education of Shandong Province and number one scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, was appointed president of the University. It has five colleges of literature, law, engineering, agriculture and medicine, including 13 departments of Chinese philosophy, Chinese literature, law, political economy, business, machinery, weaving, applied chemistry, mining, agriculture, forestry, sericulture and medicine, as well as affiliated secondary schools. The University set up a Council, the college set up an academic affairs committee, and the Department set up a professor's meeting to study teaching, personnel, funding and other issues on a regular basis. There are 320 teachers in the University Department, including 200 professors. In addition to professional extracurricular courses, elective courses are offered, and students are awarded bachelor's degree after graduation.

In 1928, the Northern Expedition army arrived in Shandong, and the Fengxi warlord was defeated and fled. Under the pretext of protecting the overseas Chinese, Japanese imperialism sent troops to Jinan and created the May 3rd massacre. During the turmoil, the school was closed immediately because of the lack of funds.

In August 1928, according to the report of Shandong Provincial Department of education, the Ministry of education of Nanjing national government ordered to build national Shandong University on the basis of provincial Shandong University. He Siyuan, Wei zongjin, Chen xuenan, Zhao Cuo, Wang Jinxin, Peng Baichuan, Yang Lianggong, Yang Zhensheng, Du Guangxun, Fu Sinian, sun Xuewu and other 11 people formed the Preparatory Committee of national Shandong University to start the preparatory work. During the preparatory process, Mr. Cai Yuanpei made great efforts to set up the national Shandong University in Qingdao with the consent of Jiang Menglin, Minister of education.

In June 1929, the Preparatory Committee of national Shandong University was changed to the Preparatory Committee of national Qingdao University by order. In addition to receiving provincial Shandong University, it also took over the private Qingdao University and prepared for national Qingdao University.

In August 1924, < / I < I private Qingdao University was officially founded and Gao Enhong was its president. There are four-year courses in engineering and business. The bachelor's degree will be awarded to those who have passed the examination. In addition to the native students, there are overseas Chinese in Nanyang and Korean students. Revolutionary activist, Luo Ronghuan, Peng Mingjing, etc. The board of directors of the university has invited celebrities from the academic circles such as Liang Qichao, Cai Yuanpei, Zhang Boling and Huang Yanpei as honorary directors. Bismarck barracks built by German in Qingdao is selected as the school site. In 1925, the Zhifeng war broke out again, the direct warlord failed, Gao Enhong stepped down, and the school was on the verge of bankruptcy. The school board recommended song Chuandian, the speaker of Shandong Province, to take over as the president of the school. In 1928, after the Northern Expedition army arrived in Shandong Province, Feng Department was defeated and fled, the school funding was gradually cut off, and students were treated as university graduates.

In April 1930, the Kuomintang government appointed Yang Zhensheng as its president. On September 20, the opening ceremony was held, and the national Qingdao University was officially established. The school has three colleges of Arts, science and education, which are divided into eight departments: Chinese Literature Department, foreign literature department, mathematics department, physics department, chemistry department, biology department, education administration department and rural education department.

In September 1932, the school of education was closed, and most of the students transferred to the school of education of National Central University. At the same time, two colleges of engineering and agriculture were added. The Institute of technology has civil engineering department and mechanical engineering department. The agricultural college is located in Jinan, with two departments of research and promotion. Soon, the two colleges of Arts and science were merged into the College of Arts and science. The school sets up a school affairs meeting, which is composed of the president, the Dean, the secretary general, the dean of each college, the heads of each department and the representatives of professors, and is responsible for deciding all major matters. Following Peking University's "inclusive" and "scientific and democratic" school running principles, President Yang Zhensheng has employed experts and scholars, such as Wen Yiduo, Huang Jingsi, Huang Jiyu, Ren Zhigong, Fu Ying, Shen Congwen, Liang Shiqiu, wen you, you Guoen, Zeng Sheng, Tang tenghan, etc.

In 1932, the Executive Yuan decided to change the national Qingdao University into the national Shandong University, and appointed Zhao Tai Mou (Zhao Qu) to take over the presidency. After taking over the post, a group of experts and scholars, such as Lao She, Hong Shen, Zhang Xu, Ding Shan, Wang Ganchang, Tong Dizhou and Zeng Chengkui, were recruited. At the same time, administrative expenses were reduced, books and instruments were purchased, and Science Museum, engineering Museum, gymnasium, chemistry Museum, hydraulic laboratory and practice factory were built. National Shandong university implements the "academic year credit system", with a four-year schooling period. Students are awarded bachelor's degrees after graduation. The school has established academic journals such as science series, literature and history series, Lixue, Diao Dou, etc.

In 1937, the July 7th incident, the Anti Japanese war broke out. In November, national Shandong University moved from Qingdao to Anqing, Anhui Province, and soon moved to Wanxian, Sichuan Province. Books, instruments and files were shipped out in batches, resulting in serious losses.

In the spring of 1938, the school resumed classes in Wanxian County, and soon the Ministry of education ordered "temporary suspension". Teachers and students were transferred to other countries

Chinese PinYin : Shan Dong Da Xue