Former residence of Feng Guozhang

Former residence of Feng Guozhang

Feng Guozhang, also known as Huafu, was born in Hejian, Hebei Province in 1857. He served as vice president and acting president during the Beiyang government. Feng has many properties in Tianjin, two of which are his apartments.

Feng Sheng, the descendant of the founder of the Ming Dynasty, was the leader of the northern warlords, who was the president of the Republic of China. Feng Guozhang was young, intelligent, broad-minded and bold. When he was young, he studied in Lianchi Academy in Baoding. He made a living while studying. Finally, he dropped out of school because of poverty. Feng Guozhang is the great grandfather of Feng Gong. In 1885, he went to Beiyang military school to study. Because he was diligent and eager to learn, he always ranked the top in every examination. When he graduated in 1890, he was detained as a teacher because of his excellent performance, which was greatly admired by students. In 1893, he joined Nie Shicheng's army as an aide and devoted himself to his duty. In the Sino Japanese War of 1894, he moved to the Northeast front with Nie and repeatedly gave advice to Nie. Therefore, Nie's army had a good record and was well valued by Nie Shicheng. This was also the beginning of Feng Guozhang. From October 1893 to may 1894, Nie Shicheng led the students of Wubei school to inspect the border areas of the three eastern provinces and acted as a commentator. At the same time, he assisted Nie Shicheng in compiling the journey to the East, which recorded the daily journey and the experiences along the way, and recorded the local history, customs, products and trade, especially the geography, topography, garrison, post road and other border areas. During the Sino Japanese War, Feng Guozhang was praised by the Qing government for his meritorious service. He was stationed with Nie Shicheng in the mountain customs to defend the capital and served as the supervisor of the army's ordnance Bureau.

Personage introduction

Feng Guozhang (1859-1919) was the leader of the warlords of the Northern Warlords. Huafu, a native of Hejian, graduated from Beiyang military school. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, he helped Yuan Shikai establish the Beiyang army. After the outbreak of the revolution of 1911, he was appointed as the president of the first army by the Qing government and led the Beiyang army to Hubei to suppress the revolution. In 1913, when the Kuomintang launched the war against yuan, it was ordered to capture Nanjing and became the governor of Jiangsu. After Yuan's death, the Northern Warlords split up and Feng became the leader of the lineage. Duan Qirui, the leader of the Anhui faction, controlled the Northern Warlord government, and Feng joined forces with Wang Zhanyuan, the governor of Hubei Province, and Li Chun, the governor of Jiangxi Province, against the Anhui faction. He was elected vice president in 1916, acting president in 1917, forced to step down by Duan Qirui in 1918, and died in Beijing in 1919. The next year, he was buried in his hometown, Xi Shijing village.

Feng Guozhang's tomb was built in 1917. It is 897 meters long from north to South and 103 meters long from east to west. It covers an area of 138.6 mu. It has magnificent steles, squares and pavilions. It has the momentum of a feudal emperor's mausoleum. In the center of the tomb, there is a Shinto from south to north. The Shinto road is 200 meters north. In the middle of the road is a 5-meter-high white marble Shinto tablet. The inscription on the tablet is written by the then president Xu Shichang in several big gold characters: "the Shinto road of Feng Gong Guo Zhang". 100 meters north of the tablet is a 6-meter-wide and 10 meter deep grave protecting river, with a total length of 1400 meters. From 1966 to 1968, the "former residence" and the "national tomb" were destroyed. At present, in the east courtyard, only the general's Gate Tower of the middle courtyard and the basement under the North Hall are well preserved.

essential information

First, in the second road and Yanhe Road of the Austrian concession (now No. 50-54 Minzhu Road, Hebei District and Huayuan lane, Haihe East Road), Feng bought three buildings from Austrian engineer Bruna in 1913, covering an area of 6.376 mu. In 1915, a German architect was commissioned to expand and build the garden according to the original architectural style, which was called "Fengjia garden" or "Fengjia courtyard". A total of 110 buildings, 54 bungalows, construction area of 4661 square meters.

Second, at the corner of the fourth road and Yuwei road in Hebei (now No. 6 Yuwei road in Hebei District), there are 24 buildings and 47 bungalows, with a construction area of 1425 square meters. This house is a garden villa built by Feng when he was acting president. The main building in the hospital is a two-story western style small building with unique shape and strong integrity.

brief introduction

Feng Guozhang's former residence is located in xishijing village, Hejian City. It was built in 1913. It is a quadrangle building with more than 400 houses. The general's gate building is a brick to brick structure with brick carving patterns. On both sides of the gate, there are carved white jade horse posts, horse stones and two lions. The east courtyard is 210 meters long from south to North and 108 meters wide from east to west. Surrounded by high walls, the east courtyard is divided into three entrances: the South courtyard is the first entrance, the middle courtyard is the second entrance, and the north courtyard is the third entrance. The first entrance of the South courtyard has two gate buildings, East and West. There is a pair of 2-meter-high stone lions sitting at the gate. There is a corridor on the left and right, leading to the general's second entrance, and the South courtyard is the third entrance There are 27 tile roofed houses in fangyiliu, and more than 30 on the East and west sides. In the middle of the front of the north house is the Ming Lang Pavilion style arrow tower. On the door there is a large gold plaque of "general No. 3". On both sides of the door there are carved white jade horse posts, horse stones and two lion.

architectural style

Feng Guozhang's former residence is a three storey building with brick and wood structure, with a total of four buildings. Together with the former three small buildings, there are 110 buildings and 54 bungalows, with a construction area of 4661.29 square meters. Feng's house and Yuan's house are only separated by a democratic road. According to the relevant people of Tianjin real estate company, the two presidents of the Republic of China built their houses so close. According to the current textual research data, this is the only place in the country. Some people speculate that Feng Guozhang and Yuan Shikai were both Northern Warlords. Feng was yuan's subordinate at that time. They built their houses close to each other, which may be convenient for them to discuss state affairs.

After entering the main gate of "general's second gate", there is the second courtyard. In the middle of the gate is Yong road. There is a small courtyard on both sides. The second courtyard is connected with the third courtyard. There is a wooden archway in the middle of Yong road. Through the archway, there is a long corridor middle gate connecting the East and the West. On the left side of the gate is "general's second gate". There is a vertical sign. Inside the gate is the third courtyard. Eight meters into the gate, there is a conference living room, surrounded by porches and painted columns There are large glass windows, also known as glass hall, opposite to the North Hall. The first courtyard is mainly occupied by the guards and the accountant; the second courtyard is occupied by the kitchen subordinates of the two courtyard; the east courtyard is occupied by Feng's children and relatives; the third courtyard is occupied by Feng and his wife and children. More than 200 houses have been built in the whole East Hospital, which consumes 500000 taels of silver.

geographical position

Address: 13 Maoer Hutong, Xicheng District

Longitude: 116.40111951653

Latitude: 39.936364867914

Chinese PinYin : Feng Guo Zhang Gu Ju