kangbaiwan manor

KangBaiWan manor, also known as Heluo Kangjia, is a mansion built by Kang Shaojing, the forefather of the Kang family. It was founded in the Ming Dynasty and gradually flourished in the early Qing Dynasty. It entered its heyday during the reign of Emperor Qianlong, declined gradually after Xianfeng, and declined in the middle of the Republic of China. It is one of the three manors in China (the other two: Liu Wencai manor and Mou erhei manor). From Kang Shaojing, the sixth ancestor, to Kang Tinglan, the 18th, the Ming, Qing and Republic of China have been rich for more than four hundred years in the 12 dynasties. The three provinces of Henan, Shandong and Shaanxi have been rich. The six rivers of Luohe, Huanghe, Yunhe, Yihe, Jinghe and Weihe have been sailed by boat, and there are thousands of hectares of fertile land. "Head pillow Jingyang, Xi'an, foot in Linyi, Jinan; horse run thousands of miles do not eat other grass, people travel thousands of miles full of kangjiatian" is the true portrayal. There are 33 courtyards, 53 buildings, more than 1300 houses and 73 caves in the manor. It is divided into more than ten parts, such as the main residential area on the village, the residential area under the village, the South courtyard, the ancestral hall area, the workshop area, the vegetable garden area, the longwogou area, the Jingu village, the garden area and the trestle area.

kangbaiwan manor

KangBaiWan manor, also known as heluokangjia, is located in Kangdian Town, Gongyi City (formerly Gongxian County), Henan Province. It was built in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. It is a national key cultural relics protection unit,

The national AAAA tourist attraction is the representative of feudal fortress architecture in North China in the 17th and 18th centuries.

Kang million is the general name of the Kang Yingkui family, the "living God of wealth in the Central Plains" since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The Kang family lived in this manor for more than 400 years, spanning the three periods of Ming, Qing and the Republic of China. The manor was also built from the original hillside to the top of the mountain. It is a typical feudal fortress building from the 17th to 18th century. The manor is backed by Mang Mountain and faced with Luoshui, so it has the reputation of "golden turtle exploring water". It is one of the three manors in China (Kangwan manor, Liu manor and Mou manor). Together with Qiao's courtyard in Jinzhong of Shanxi Province and Ma's manor in Anyang of Henan Province, it is known as the "three official houses of Central Plains", which is known as the spiritual home of Henan businessmen and a model of ancient buildings in Central Plains

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Historical evolution

KangBaiWan manor is a mansion built by Kang Shaojing, the sixth generation descendant of Kang family. Kang Dayong, the twelve generation manor owner of the Kang family, was built in the early years of Qianlong. "Kang million" is the general name of the Kang Yingkui family since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is famous for the canonization of Empress Dowager Cixi.

During the Hongwu Period of the early Ming Dynasty, the ancestors of the Kang family settled down by the Luohe River in Kangdian Town, Gongxian County (now Gongyi). In order to solve the problem of food and clothing, the ancestors of the Kang family opened a small restaurant on the Bank of the Luohe River. In the cold and summer, the inn has gradually become a well-known Inn in Heluo area. Later, the location of the inn was called "kangjiadian".

In the period of Kang Shaojing, the sixth generation descendant of Kang's family ancestors, he studied and became an official. At first, he served as the post official of Jichuan (now in Weishi County of Henan Province), and then he was promoted to the ambassador of Dongchangfu (now in Liaocheng of Shandong Province). Kang Shaojing holds important positions in local water and land transportation, salt industry and taxation. In the Qing Dynasty, when the government suppressed the Bailian cult, the Kang family obtained orders for military supplies related to cloth for ten years by various means. Before that, the Kang family monopolized the cloth Market in Shaanxi. At the same time, the Kang family became rich by shipbuilding and land, and they were called "millionaires". Through the continuous efforts of the Kang family for several generations, the small "Kang family shop" has become a huge manor covering an area of more than 240 mu, including 19 parts. There are 33 courtyards, 53 buildings, 73 caves and more than 1300 houses. The courtyard building is a typical two-way courtyard in western Henan, which has the characteristics of garden art and court art. During the prosperous period, the brick factories, timber factories and shipyards in the manor were full of people, and the owners of the Kang family could meet all the needs of life without leaving home.

During the Qing Dynasty (1790-1820 AD), the Kang family was already a rich family, and the Kang family's fields covered dozens of miles. With the accumulation of family wealth, the Kang family expanded the original manor and increased the houses to the top of the mountain, thus forming the castle with medieval style. KangBaiWan manor is a castle type building with brick and stone structure, which is isolated from the outside world, and its walls surround the hillside.

In the late Qing Dynasty, in 1900, the Allied forces of eight countries invaded Beijing. Empress Dowager Cixi fled Beijing to Xi'an the following year with Guangxu, and then returned to Beijing. When she passed Kangdian town in Gongyi, Kang Hongyou, the manager of the Kang family, known as "the first person of Henan merchants", sent charcoal in the snow and donated one million silver to the Qing government. Empress Dowager Cixi said, "I didn't expect that there are millions of homes in this valley." It was widely spread and given the title of "Kang million". Kang million became the general name of "Kang family", the owner of the manor. Therefore, the manor of Kang family became Kang million manor.

In the early days of the people's Republic of China, the government carried out the transformation of the manor, making it continue the old appearance of "Ming Dynasty building courtyard Qing Dynasty corridor".

In the 1950s, KangBaiWan manor was confiscated. One third of the houses were expropriated for government offices, schools and post offices, and the other two-thirds were distributed to the local poor farmers. 60 years later, one third of the government took over is the current KangBaiWan manor scenic spot. Other houses in the Kang family have long been replaced by cement and ceramic tiles.

In June 1963, KangBaiWan manor was declared as a key cultural relic protection unit by the people's Government of Henan Province;

In February 2008, the relevant department of Kangdian, in accordance with the requirements of Kangwan cultural relic protection plan, on the basis of fully retaining the original pattern of the manor, invested more than 34 million yuan to repair the trestle area, South courtyard, workshop area, stage, etc., and effectively remedied the ground subsidence of the square. In addition, the original gardens, orchards and courtyard spaces were repaired and restored according to the historical style.

In March 2009, the Dongzhai wall of KangBaiWan main residential area was repaired. All the maintenance works follow the principle of "repair the old as before", trying to show the original appearance of KangBaiWan manor.

In June 2001, KangBaiWan manor was announced as a national key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council

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In 2005, KangBaiWan manor was awarded national AAAA (4A level) scenic spot.

architectural composition

KangBaiWan manor is a large-scale manor with buildings on the street, caves on the cliff, walls around the village and docks near the river. It integrates the styles of agriculture, government and commerce. With a total construction area of 64300 square meters, there are 33 courtyards, 53 buildings, more than 1300 houses and 73 caves. It is divided into more than ten parts, such as the main residential area on the village, the residential area under the village, the South courtyard, the ancestral hall area, the workshop area, the vegetable garden area, the longwogou area, the Jingu village, the garden area, and the trestle area. The whole Manor is composed of 19 parts, covering an area of more than 240 mu. It is a grand building complex integrating "ancient, large, elegant, and beautiful" and is known as the representative of feudal fortress architecture on the Loess Plateau of North China in the 17th and 18th centuries. The manor was built in the middle of Ming Dynasty and took shape at the beginning of Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the process of construction, the Ming Dynasty buildings such as Sigou and Zhanggou, the Qing Dynasty buildings with different functions such as longwogou, Zhaishang main residence area, South courtyard, trestle area, shops, breeding area, ancestral hall, timber factory, shipyard and Jingu village, and the auxiliary buildings such as stele tower, Memorial archway and garden were gradually formed, thus forming a large manor with complete functions and scattered by mountains and rivers.

introduction

There is only one entrance to the huge complex of conmillion manor. Without the guidance of a passer-by, it is very difficult for strangers to find the exit. The road in the manor is like a labyrinth. Different from the houses built by most rich families, the architectural style of kangjiazhuang is unique. The entrance of the manor gate is comparable to that of the ancient city gate. There are main walls on both sides of the entrance. There is also a commanding observation platform in the gate, which imitates the observation platform of the Great Wall in Beijing. Enter the door, step up and then come to the viewing platform.

Trestle area

The trestle area is Kangjia's business headquarters, which is close to the main residential area and wharf, and is an important core part of Kangjia's economic development for hundreds of years. One of the biggest characteristics here is the ubiquitous plaques and couplets, and these plaques fully show the cultural atmosphere of Henan merchants, and also show the identity and taste of the host. One of the couplets reads as follows: mind skill should not offend heaven and earth, words and deeds should be well behaved to the descendants, and the descendants of Kang family should be educated to pay attention to their own morality and words and deeds.

Central District

The outline of the central area of the manor is almost intact, and the study, kitchen and studio are among them.

Study, kitchen

Kang family is a big family, the kitchen is particularly large, in order to solve the problem of eating a large population. The study is next to the kitchen. The noisy kitchen and the quiet study are good neighbors to each other. There are two small pavilions in the area, as well as some withered and ancient flowers and trees. The simple and simple decoration of the study is in sharp contrast to the luxurious studio and bedroom in the courtyard.

studio

The studio is next to the study. All the furniture is inlaid with glittering gems. The east wall is inlaid with the works of famous calligraphers of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, while the west wall is decorated with a Qing Dynasty official uniform and a sword used by Kang Yingkui when he practiced martial arts.

mourning hall

To the west of the study is the memorial hall where ancestral tablets are placed. There are many beautiful shrines and inscriptions on the death of Mr. Zu. It takes a stonecutter three months for each tablet.

Stone column and base

The bases of the stone pillars that can be seen everywhere in the manor stand out. stone

Chinese PinYin : Kang Bai Wan Zhuang Yuan