Tongcheng Confucian Temple

Tongcheng Confucian Temple

Tongcheng Confucian temple, also known as "holy temple", is located at No. 2, longmian Middle Road, Tongcheng City, Anhui Province. It is located at the north end of Tongcheng square, covering an area of 4150 square meters and a construction area of 1803 square meters. It has a history of nearly 700 years.

Tongcheng Confucian temple faces south from the north, with Dacheng hall as the center and Yudao as the central axis. The main buildings are gate tower, palace wall, Lingxing gate, panchi, Panqiao (also known as Zhuangyuan bridge), Dacheng gate, Dacheng hall, Chongsheng temple, earth temple, east-west long veranda, etc. In the backyard, there are "Your Majesty", platform, altar and other ancillary buildings. Tongcheng Confucian temple is not only a ritual architectural complex for offering sacrifices to Confucius in the yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, but also a school palace. It is the office of Tongcheng county school and Confucian instructors, and a cultural and educational activity place of "integration of temple and Confucianism". Tongcheng Confucian temple is an important window to understand Tongcheng, recognize Tongcheng school and study the history of ancient literature. The main scenic spots are the gate tower of Confucian temple, Dacheng hall, Tongcheng School exhibition hall, etc.

In 2013, Tongcheng Confucian temple was announced as the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the people's Republic of China.

Historical evolution

The Confucian temple in Tongcheng was built during the reign of Yanyou of Yuan Dynasty (1314-1320). It was destroyed by the war at the end of Yuan Dynasty.

In 1368, it was rebuilt at the north end of Tongcheng square.

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were 19 times of repairs, which were the ritual buildings of tongchengkong since the yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.

In August 1966, the gate of Tongcheng Confucian temple was destroyed.

In 1985, it began to "repair the old as the old", and carried out the 20th repair, and set up inscriptions to record.

In 2018, the State Administration of cultural relics allocated funds for the maintenance of Tongcheng Confucian temple and the national development and Reform Commission allocated funds for the protection of Tongcheng Confucian temple facilities.

On May 28, 2019, the Tongcheng Confucian temple reopened six months after it was closed for maintenance, with a new look.

Architectural features

structure

overview

Tongcheng Confucian temple faces south, covering an area of 4150 square meters and a construction area of 1803 square meters. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it has been a ritual building complex for local people to worship Confucius. It is located in the center of the county, facing the square and facing Heping Road, a prosperous block. The old street, where the former residences of celebrities are concentrated, is surrounded on three sides.

The Confucian temple complex takes Dacheng hall as the center and Yudao as the central axis. The main buildings are gate tower, palace wall, Lingxing gate, panchi, Panqiao (also known as Zhuangyuan bridge), Dacheng gate, Dacheng hall, Chongsheng temple, earth temple, east-west long veranda, etc. In the backyard, there are "Your Majesty", platform, altar and other ancillary buildings. The main and secondary buildings are well arranged and integrated, and there are "palace walls" around them.

Lattice star gate

Lingxing gate, Han white jade, four pillars, three gates, stone square style, you can see after the gatehouse. In the legend of Lingxing system, the God of grain, lismen means "good weather, abundant grain". 　

Panchi

Panchi is half moon shaped, with brick and stone arch bridges on it, and the bridges are protected by white marble railings. It is said that in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Tongcheng was like Zuo Guangdou, one of the "Six Gentlemen of Apocalypse", Fang Yizhi, an encyclopedic philosopher, Zhang Ying and Zhang Tingyu, two prime ministers of father and son Dai Mingshi, Fang Bao, Liu Dakui, Yao Nai, the forefathers of Tongcheng school, and nearly a thousand famous officials and scholars all stepped into the Dacheng hall from the bridge to offer sacrifices to Confucius before they became famous. In order to get the golden title, they praised "Panqiao" as "the number one scholar bridge".

Dachengmen

Dachengmen, hall type liangsen frame, three Bay wide. Hard mountain to the top, tile top cover, ridge on both sides of three knife, decorated with fish, flying four corners. There is a wall between the front and back of the hall. There are three parallel doors. There is a pair of stone lions in the middle door, and two stone drums in each side door. Adjacent to the two sides of the gate, there are three Chongsheng temple, three earthen temple, three rooms each. The porch on the wall of the gate should be connected with the window.

Step down into the broad backyard, walk on Shinto, face the stone steps, "Bi" on the carved dragon and Phoenix pearl pattern, resplendent, lifelike. The platform is surrounded by white jade carved railings, and the floor is plastered with square bricks. The Dacheng hall stands at its north end.

Dacheng Hall

Dacheng hall, facing the platform, overlooks the Dacheng gate and the gatehouse. On both sides, there are long East-West verandas. The eaves and verandas are winding. The courtyard is open, with stone slabs in the middle. It is a passageway for Jinye. Si Temple is the main building of the Confucian temple. It has five rooms wide and three rooms deep, with a total area of 425 square meters and a height of 17 meters.

The eaves and arches of the main hall are the same, and the upper eaves are simple and simple. There are loquat shaped arches to support the beam square, and the windows and doors are installed in the Ming Dynasty. The front of the gable is built with elephant trunk shaped long head and brick carved long head. The floor is plastered with square bricks, with a flat bottom ceiling and a three-story square caisson. The top of the hall is paved with small green gray tiles and tubular tiles. The two auspicious sides of the main ridge are used as a kiss. The ridge is decorated with animals, and the eaves are lined with round animal tiles. Eaves angle, hanging wind duo, wind duo Ming.

In the Dacheng hall, there is a sitting statue of one sage, four sages and twelve sages. There are three layers of square caisson above the statue of Confucius, which is different from most of the round ones in the main hall. The "model of all ages" at the top is the tablet of Emperor Kangxi's calligraphy. In November 1684, Emperor Kangxi made a special trip to Qufu Confucius Temple in Shandong Province on his way back to Beijing. Emperor Kangxi, who was the emperor of one dynasty, had great respect for Confucius. When he entered the Dacheng gate of Confucius Temple, he knelt down three times and knocked nine times. In the Confucius Temple, the four characters of the special book "eternal teacher" are hung in the hall, and the plaque is intended to be hung in Confucian temples all over the country.

Confucius statue, black coat, red trousers, wearing the emperor's clothes, the other sages in the hall with him is the Duke's clothes. Behind the two sides of the statue of Confucius is the statue of Si Pei (Yanhui, Zengshen, Zisi, Mencius). Generally speaking, Yan Hui and Zeng Shen are Confucius' favorite students; Zi Si is Confucius' grandson and Zeng Shen's student; Mencius is Zi Si's student.

 

Yan Fengying art career exhibition hall

Yan Fengying's art career exhibition room is located in the West Wing of Dacheng hall. It takes Huangmei Opera as the theme, and Yan Fengying develops Huangmei Opera. It introduces Yan Fengying's art career from singing Caotai opera to Huangmei opera stage through more than 500 precious photos, hundreds of objects, materials and audio-visual materials.

 

characteristic

Tongcheng Confucian temple is not only a landmark of Tongcheng history and culture, but also an important symbol of Tongcheng school. Its architectural appearance is secluded, and the classical texture reveals a kind of vicissitudes of life, and it does not lose the beauty of "flowing charm legacy". It is the representative of ancient temple architecture.

The head of Lingxing gate is decorated with a round pattern of "Tengyun", and there are fan-shaped "Yuntou" props under the square column. The structure is simple and elegant.

Dacheng hall, with a width of 5 rooms and a depth of 3 rooms, is a large wooden hall building with bucket arches as beam column joints. The architectural style has the characteristics of Ming and Qing Dynasties, and has the style of Liao and Jin Dynasties. It is the three-dimensional data of ancient architecture research. The main hall adopts the construction technology of column and beam. There are seven columns and four columns. The columns and beams are simple and symmetrical. The first step is 1.16 meters. The eaves are designed with a bucket arch. The Chinese arch is made by stealing the heart. The single cantilevered arch is elephant trunk shaped, and the double cantilevered arch is bat shaped. It directly supports the cantilevered purlin. The two cantilevered purlins and the second cantilevered purlins have 45 degree oblique arches and angles.

Cultural relics

Carving and ink painting

The gate tower of Confucian temple is a three Bay pavilion type building. Its long head, diagonal brace, forehead brace and elephant eye are decorated with brick carving, wood carving, Liang Fang brace, carving or ink painting, and decorated with "entering pingzhongxue", "serving Lujun", "Ketan ritual music", "Li Taibai drunk", "Tao Yuanming enjoying chrysanthemum", "Lin Hejing watching the sea", "Zhou Dunyi loving Lotus", "Yuqiao farming and reading", "Taigong fishing", "King Wen visiting sages" and "Meng Mu Duan" There are more than 60 patterns of flower characters, such as "Zhus", "dominating", "Weizhen Huanyu", "Tiangong blessing", "Kuixing diandou", etc. There is a rectangular "Confucian Temple" gold plaque on the front of the gate tower, which is Zhao Puchu, vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference.

Tongcheng Cultural Museum, China

Tongcheng cultural museum is located in Tongcheng Confucian temple. It was built in April 1984. From Neolithic to song porcelain, from Li Gonglin's paintings to Fang Yizhi's books, from the tiger bronze seal of Zhang Tingyu, a Bachelor of Yongzheng's Baohe palace, to the jade inscription plate finger of Qianlong's imperial inscription, there are more than 11000 pieces in the collection, including stone tools, bronzes, pottery, porcelain, jades, miscellaneous pieces, celebrity calligraphy and paintings, Ziban, steles, coins, revolutionary cultural relics of more than 20 categories, and thousands of them are national first-class There are 24 objects and 125 second-class cultural relics. The spring and autumn bronze animal ear Zun in the museum can be regarded as the treasure of the museum. The blue and white porcelain Boshan fragrance of the Northern Song Dynasty and the white glazed melon ridge teapot of the Southern Song Dynasty are all the best of the porcelain.

 

Tongcheng School exhibition hall

Tongcheng School exhibition hall is located in Tongcheng Confucian temple. Taking the rise and fall of Tongcheng school, the largest prose school in the Qing Dynasty, as the main line, the order of the important representative writers' apprenticeship, the vertical line, and the era background, literary exchanges, and academic contributions of the important representative writers' life as the blocks, the horizontal spread, combining the essence of cultural relics, historical heritage, work editions, and academic research in one furnace, in order to understand Tongcheng, recognize Tongcheng school, and research

Chinese PinYin : Tong Cheng Wen Miao