Buer Temple

Buer Temple

Buer temple is located at 74 Shouyi West Road, Shouyi Road community, Huangzhai Town, Yangqu county. Originally located in xiaozhiyu village, Huangzhai Town, it was moved to the current site in 1987. Buer temple, also known as Buer temple, was built in the ninth year of Qianyou (956) of the northern Han Dynasty, rebuilt in the sixth year of Xianfeng (1003) of the Song Dynasty, and rebuilt in the sixth year of Mingchang (1195) of the Jin Dynasty. It was repaired in yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. At present, there are only three holy halls in Jin Dynasty, covering an area of 184.19 square meters. Single eaves hanging on the top of the mountain, out of the eaves there is a corridor, the front eaves of the hall set five shop for Dou Gong.

There are nine clay sculptures of Sakyamuni, disciples and Bodhisattvas in the hall, which are the works of the Jin Dynasty. There are exquisite murals on both sides of the gables, which are works of the Ming Dynasty. The existing yuan to yuan 30 years (1293) imperial grant not two Temple Monument.

In May 2006, it was announced as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

The origin of the temple's name

The name of the temple "Bu Er" comes from the Buddhist language, which means that those who can understand the principle of "one reality and equality" are called "Ru Bu Er FA men". The founder of Buer Temple compares the temple to a gate, which means that Buddhist believers can reach the realm of Buer by entering the gate (Temple). Because the temple is a sect of Zen in Buddhism, it is also called Buer temple. The Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units. Located at 74 Shouyi West Road, Yangqu county. Originally located in xiaozhiyu village, Beiliu Township, Yangqu County, the Sansheng hall was moved to the current site in 1989. Buer temple was first built in the ninth year of Qianyou (956) of the northern Han Dynasty. Now it is built in the sixth year of jinmingchang (1195) and has been repaired in all dynasties. Facing the south, it has three rooms in width and three rooms in depth. The plane is nearly square, with single eaves hanging on the top of the mountain. The eaves are flat, with five pavilions and seven brackets.

Historical evolution

According to the inscriptions in 1724 (the second year of Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty), the temple "was founded in 1195 (the sixth year of Mingchang reign of the Jin Dynasty) and rebuilt in 1352 (the twelfth year of Zhizheng reign of the Yuan Dynasty)". It is the third ancient building known in Taiyuan, except for the Jinci Notre Dame Hall (the first year of Tiansheng reign of the Northern Song Dynasty, i.e. 1023) and Xiandian (the eighth year of Dading reign of the Jin Dynasty, i.e. 1168). However, in 1986, when it was relocated, the inscription on the beam frame was torn down, with the words "in the ninth year of Qianyou reign of the Great Han Dynasty, duweina Songhui and Xude Jingjian". In 956 ad, the ninth year of Qianyou reign in the Great Han Dynasty (i.e. the northern Han Dynasty), the building dates back to 67 ad. However, it was destroyed and rebuilt in the early Song Dynasty, and was overhauled in 1195. After the yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties have done different degrees of maintenance, but still maintained the style of the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, and inherited some of the Song Dynasty construction techniques, become a precious example of ancient buildings in Taiyuan.

Due to the long-term natural erosion and man-made destruction, only the three holy halls and two tombs are isolated in the farmland. According to the field investigation, the Sansheng hall is seriously damaged, the roof of the hall collapses and leaks rain, the main ridge and the vertical ridge are incomplete, the front eaves and cornices have been destroyed, the eaves and rafters are rotten, the foundation subsides in different degrees, the walls are split, and the wood members are inclined, which directly threaten the statues and murals in the hall. Three meters to the East is another 100 meter deep gully, which is always in danger of falling between them. In 1987, the main hall was moved to the southwest of Yangqu county and the east side of Dayun highway. It was placed at the back of the central axis of the new site, which covers an area of 10 mu. It was surrounded by a wall. Based on this, the Museum of Yangqu county was planned to be built.

Current situation of cultural relics

Three temples

The existing Sansheng hall is a relic of the Jin Dynasty. Its bluestone platform is 13.1 meters long, 14.06 meters wide and 0.76 meters high. The main body of the building is 11.33 meters long, 12.46 meters wide and 10.65 meters high. It has three rooms wide, six rafters deep, single eaves hanging on the top of the mountain, and a corridor on the front eaves. Under the front eaves, the five pavilions of Dougong are used to make a single copy and a single lower one is used to hang up. The five pavilions of Chonggong are used to calculate the heart. The five pavilions of litiao are used to make a double copy. The two pavilions are used to make a single copy and a double copy respectively. The Bujian Dougong, Shi zhenang, with its rear end extending below the Pinghe, is a real example of the "buttress arch" recorded in the early historical records, only in Taiyuan. It is more rare to use double forks on flat beams. In front of the eaves, a panel door is set between the two windows. In the center of the Buddha platform in the hall, there are nine statues of Huayan Sansheng, etc., which are the works of Jin Dynasty. The main statue is Sakyamuni, who sits on the seat of Xumi with exquisite backlight. Manjusri on the right and sages on the left are rare in other places. In the hall, the east mountain wall is painted with three saints, Twelve Gods and lion dance, the west mountain wall is painted with three saints, sixteen Arhats and Buddha worship, and the corridor wall and eaves wall are painted with frescoes of powerful men and maids, totaling 137 square meters. It is a work of the Ming Dynasty.

main hall

In 2005, the main hall was rebuilt 14 meters in front of the Sansheng hall. The main hall faces south with seven rooms wide, 11 purlins deep, and a single eaves roof. It is the architectural style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The base is 34.85 meters long, 20.96 meters wide and 1.19 meters high. The main body of the hall is 31.75 meters long, 17.86 meters wide and 15.22 meters high. The two mountains in the hall are suspended with sculptures. The arhat Bodhisattva is solemn and solemn. It is a Western bliss. In the center of the hall is the third Buddha. On both sides of the hall stands the Manjusri, with a maximum of 7.5 meters.

East west side hall

In 2016, the East and West ear rooms were rebuilt on the East and west sides of the Sansheng hall, the East and west side halls were Guanyin hall, and the west side hall was dizang hall.

Accessory cultural relics

In the original site of Buer temple, there is a ancestral tower of Yuan Dynasty, while in the present site, there is a tower of Ming Dynasty, with 9 steles, including 1 stele of Jin Dynasty and 1 stele of Yuan Dynasty, and 5 steles of Qing Dynasty. In addition, it was moved to the temple from other places with one Ming stele and one stele in the 15th year of Zhaohe (1939).

According to the existing inscriptions, in addition to Sansheng hall, Buer temple also has Yuetai, Shanmen hall, Tianwang hall, bell and Drum Tower, dongxipeidian and monk's room. In the southwest of the temple, there is another octagonal five story brick Pagoda with dense eaves built in the Yuan Dynasty and stone pagodas and stone buildings built in the Ming Dynasty. Jujube and elm trees are planted inside and outside the temple. The forest is shady. It is a famous jungle in Yangqu county.

artistic value

The value of Buer Temple lies in its architecture, painted sculpture and mural art.

The main hall is three rooms wide and three rooms deep. The plane is slightly square. The front eaves are covered with porches, which are supported by a blue stone platform. On the top of the hall, there is a hanging mountain style roof. It has a stable frame. It is covered with a plain ridge of tubular tiles, and with red brick walls as the keynote. In the middle, there are purple columns and chestnut beams. There is no decoration, forming an elegant, pure and quiet early architectural style. The traditional column net beam lifting frame is used in the building structure. The beam frame adopts the method of six rafters in the Song Dynasty's "construction method". The outer eaves use the unprocessed elm as the eaves column, and the outer corner matches with the outer wall to enhance the stability. In front of the eaves, there is a corridor, which goes into a deep room, and the side feet of the pillars rise to make the corner of the hall up and stretch. The structure of Liang Fang adopts big Dou, Ling Gong and short substitute, and there is no ceiling in the hall. Dougong is a special symbol of high-grade religious architecture in China. Its eaves with five shop for heavy arch out of single copy under the high, in turn five shop for heavy arch out of two copies, double arch plan public building. It is a skillful use of lever principle to add a saving and mending space to balance the weight inside and outside the eaves. The two-layer horizontal arch carved on zhengxinfang, commonly known as "hidden carved Dougong", is a real example of "buttress arch" recorded in early historical records, which is only one case in Taiyuan. The beams in the hall are made in the shape of Jin Dynasty, and the humps and legs are all available. On the flat beam, there are two forks, which are not seen in other places. This building provides an example for the study of ancient architecture in song and Jin Dynasties, and has great scientific research value.

hall of a Buddhist temple

According to the limited space of the Buddha Hall, the craftsmen skillfully combined the painted sculptures and murals with the Buddha platform and gable to create the three worlds of the Buddha as a whole. The statue is the three saints of the world, so this hall is also called the three saints hall. Buddha Sakyamuni, 4.5 meters high, is the core of the statues. Venerable zuokaye and venerable right Amitabha have different manners and are kind and solemn. On both sides, there are bodhisattvas Zuo Puxian and right Manjusri. They are relatively small, with their eyes on all directions, wearing corolla, scarves, Yingluo, and skirts. They are graceful, elegant and free. The white elephant and the lion are of different temperament, but they are harmonious and natural. On the side of the wall is a statue of Vajra, with its back on its back and waist on its back, and its whole body is covered. In the peaceful and quiet Buddha statue, it shows a dignified air. The statue of the maid has plump skin, a wry smile, a right leaning upper body and a left twisting buttocks. The bare upper body is covered with pearls and pearls, and the left shoulder is covered with a red chest belt, which covers the plump chest. The green ribbon on the right shoulder turns down with the right hand and then turns to the left side and drops to the foot. A silk scarf on the waist is wrapped around the exposed abdomen, drawing out abdominal muscles, and cooperating with the ribbon running up and down, playing the role of seeking movement in stillness effect.

mural

There are murals painted on the East and West Gables in the hall. Each wall is divided into three layers: upper, middle and lower. The clouds are used to separate and connect the two, so that the whole picture is harmonious and unified. The "flying sky" among the colored clouds on the upper layer represents the heaven scene of the Buddhist kingdom. The middle layer of the east wall is painted with the pharmacist Buddha of the Oriental pure glass world. On the left and right are the sunlight and moonlight Bodhisattvas. On the top are the canopy and the head light, which are collectively known as the "three saints of the East". The middle of the west wall is painted with Amitabha Buddha of the Western Paradise; on the left and right are Bodhisattva dashizhi and Avalokitesvara, collectively known as the "three saints of the west". The lower part of the mural is painted with Vajra and arhat, highlighting the characteristics of secularization. At the lower level of the east wall is the patron saint of the Buddha. He is called the "Twelve medicine forks general", representing 84000 medicine forks. Besides 84000 troubles, he becomes 84000 Bodhi. The composition is divided into left and right groups with six gods in each group, and a group of lion dance is arranged in the middle to entertain the gods. The lower part of the west wall is painted with 16 Luo

Chinese PinYin : Bu Er Si