Yongjinmen

Yongjinmen

Yongjinmen, one of the top ten ancient city gates in Hangzhou.

Yongjin gate is one of the West gates in ancient Hangzhou. In the first year of Tianfu in the Five Dynasties, Qian Yuanyu, the king of Wu and Yue, led the water from the West Lake into the city. He dug a Yongjin pool here and built this gate. The gate is close to the lake and there is a water gate on the east side. It is said that it is the place where Taurus emerges in the West Lake, hence its name. In the 28th year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty, a city wall was built and renamed fengyumen. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, it was still the old name. Yongjin gate has always been a passageway from Hangzhou city to the West Lake. It is a prosperous area in the urban area. There is a couplet on the upper floor of the gate, which says: "the battlements are connected with the clear waves, the water and the sky are the same; the tall buildings are busy with fireworks." Most of the West Lake cruise ships gather and disperse here, so there is a saying "boating outside Yongjin gate". In the 40th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, Kangxi came to Hangzhou from the South and came out of the city to visit the West Lake. In the second year of the Republic of China, Hangzhou began to demolish the city. After the demolition of "Qiying", the city walls between Yongjin, Qingbo and Qiantang were demolished and rebuilt into Nanshan Road and Hubin Road. From then on, the West Lake connects with the city. In order to make the later generations understand the changes of the city, an inscription was set up on the site.

history

Yongjin gate was originally the west gate of ancient Hangzhou. It was built in the period of Wu and Yue in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. It was renamed Fengyu gate in the Southern Song Dynasty. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, it was still the old name. The site is at the intersection of Nanshan Road and Yongjin road. According to Zhao Yanwei of the Song Dynasty's Yunlu ManChao, it is said that Jinniu once emerged in the West Lake, so this gate was named yongjinmen. The original gate of yongjinmen is the dry gate and the water gate. The former site of Hanmen is at the junction of jinmenzhi street and Nanshan Road in Jinyong, while the former site of shuimen is slightly north of Hanmen and the north end of today's children's Park. In the Qing Dynasty, yongjinmen tower was elegant and dignified. It was a heavy building with Xieshan style. It had a top of grey tiles. The wall of yongjinmen was 12 meters high, and the inverted U-shaped gate hole was about 8 meters high and 5 meters wide. There is a couplet on the city building of Qing Dynasty: "the battlements connect with the clear waves to see the same color of water and sky; the tall buildings connect with the downtown to surround thousands of fireworks", which vividly summarizes the important position and prosperity of yongjinmen at that time. The gate was demolished when Nanshan Road and Hubin Road were built in 1912, and the magnificent tower can still be seen in the old photos. In 936 ad, Qian yuanxuan, the king of Wu and Yue, introduced the water from the West Lake into the city as a pool, which was called Yongjin pool. Qian Yuanyu once inscribed "yongjinmen" in his own handwriting, standing beside the pool. Beside the name of the pool, there is also an inscription: "in the third year of the Qing Dynasty, the year of bingshen, the month of Jianwu, this pool is specially opened.". The original gate of shuimen is called Yongjin gate. Yongjinmen in Chapter 114 of outlaws of the marsh "yongjinmen Zhang Shun GUI Shen" refers to shuimen. "A light beam of gauze clouds on the hillside, the lake at the beginning of frown and half frown marks; not to say that the lake and mountain is good, in the early morning small out of yongjinmen." It is a true portrayal of the beautiful scenery outside Yongjin gate in the Southern Song Dynasty.

ballad

Rowing outside Yongjin gate, you can go all the way from LIULANG Wenying to Yongjin pool, where the West Lake protrudes to the east to form a natural harbor, facing the former Yongjin gate. Before the demolition of the city wall, the old site of yongjinmenwai cruise terminal was known as "the first pier" by the old Hangzhou people. It was the only one that came out of the city to take a cruise ship. At that time, the boat people who rowed in the West took their place of residence as their help, including Maojiabu, Dingjiashan, Yuefen and so on. Yongjinmen belongs to the guojiahutou gang. Therefore, when the cruise ships from all over come to the yongjinmen wharf, they dare not come forward to hold down the price easily because they can't negotiate with the tourists.

folk custom

Fengle wine tasting

Fengle building outside Yongjin gate, after the Song Dynasty's southward migration, was the official restaurant, also known as xiziku. The building is three stories high, with five rooms on each floor. There are not only fine wine, but also hundreds of Kabuki in the building. Every mid autumn, the opening ceremony of fengle tower is very lively. On this day, the Kabuki people are divided into three classes: the first class wears a very high bun and a scarlet cloak; the second class wears a five color crown and a floral skirt; the third class wears a single color crown, a shirt and crotch pants for riding. First, a piece of white cloth more than three feet high was supported on a long bamboo pole, with the words "so and so master winemaker" written on it. After the Kabuki, there are all kinds of social fire, playing puppets, playing all kinds of smoke, powder, ghost and iron horse cases. Finally, it was a jar of wine carried by eight people. Team along the yongjinmen straight Street eastbound, to the government Yamen. The magistrate had been waiting for a long time, so he presented the drum music first, and then performed the opera. Finally, the magistrate opened the ceremony, ate three first drinks, and announced that the new wine was on the market.

Tianzhu Shaoxiang

When it comes to Jinmen, the most popular day of the year for Hangzhou people is the evening of June 18. Therefore, there is also the Hangzhou proverb of "June 18 falls on the lake at night". June 19 is the birthday of Goddess Guanyin. On the evening of June 18, the governor of Zhejiang, the chief envoy and the general envoy made preparations early to burn incense in Tianzhu before dawn. The earlier the incense is burned, the more respectful it is to Guanyin Bodhisattva, and the more blessings it will get this year. Of course, it's not going to take the lead. Therefore, the government and the counties in Hangzhou, zuoza and Erjia, must first rush to the Temple Station, so as to ensure that the three constitutions can get the greatest blessing, and then shine on themselves in turn. On that night, the lanterns of Yongjin gate were shining high and the torches were bright. Everyone gathered on the boat from the dock and went to Maojiabu. For a time, the painting boat is like crucian carp, and the music is full of the lake. According to the rules, people put lights on the lake for the people in the underworld. A lake twinkles like a star. Some even took out the lotus lamps on the night of July 15. Perhaps, many people just took advantage of worshiping Buddha and burning incense to play all night. Although the city walls were demolished at the beginning of the Republic of China, the night of June 18 was still lively for a long time.

Legend

Yongjinmen selling words

Emperor Shizong (Emperor Yongzheng) of the Qing Dynasty, when he was the prince, was the "four elder brothers" in TV dramas. He liked to walk around in civilian clothes. It is said that he once went to Hangzhou. One day, he went out to Jinmen to visit the West Lake. He saw a scholar selling calligraphy under the wall outside. He stopped to see the word "he" written by him, and the word "Kou" was written on the left side of the word "he". He asked, "are you wrong?" The scholar said, "that's right." then he cited the calligraphy of ancient celebrities as an example. The prince said, "you have such profound knowledge. Why don't you take part in the imperial examination and sell words here?" The scholar said that he once held a scholar, but because he was too poor to support his family, he had to sell words to make a living. How dare he expect wealth? After hearing this, the prince took out some horseshoe gold from his bag and gave it to the scholar, saying, "I'm a businessman. I'd better donate some money to seek fame with you. Don't forget your ambition in the future The scholar was so moved that he made great efforts to study and even succeeded in the test. He became an imperial scholar in Beijing. At this time, Shizong had already ascended the throne. One day, he saw the name of the Hanlin and ordered him to write the word "he". He wrote "Kou" on the left side of the word "he". He asked him why, and replied that it was a variant of the same word. Shizong laughed and stopped talking. The next day, he was ordered to go to Hangzhou to see the governor. When the governor received the imperial edict, he opened it and saw that it was written that he had ordered the Hanlin to go to yongjinmen to sell for three years and then serve again. The scholar suddenly realized. It is reported that emperor Shizong of the Qing Dynasty had made great efforts to promote "Putonghua", which is mainly based on Beijing dialect. This "holy meaning" should be the writing of official documents of the imperial court, and variant words should not be used.

Zhang Shun and yongjinmen

Song Jiang's expedition to fangla and his attack to Jinmen only led to Beishan, which was opposite to the lake. For half a month, there was no progress. Zhang Shun, the military general, was eager to swim in the West Lake. He went into the city through the gate of Yongjin water and set a fire so that the troops outside the city could attack. Zhang Shun didn't wait for Li Jun to report to Song Jiang. He hid a blade of Polygonum and ate a good meal. Later that evening, he came to Xiliang bridge, went down to the lake and crossed to Yongjin gate.

One to four. Zhang Shunfu was in the water. Seeing that there was no one on the wall of the city, he dived into the Yongjin water gate. When he touched it up and down, it was full of iron windows, with water curtains inside, ropes on it, and a string of copper bells. Zhang Shun stretched out his hand to pull the curtain of water. For a moment, the bell rang and the soldiers in the city thought it was a big fish. Zhang Shun fell to the third watch in the water, then dived to the edge of the city, climbed up the bank, touched a piece of soil and threw it up. The soldier who was guarding the city came down again and said, "it's strange. It must be a ghost! Go to sleep. Don't pay attention to him!" Then he told them to lie behind the battlements. Zhang Shun threw up the earth and stone again, but there was no movement. He climbed up the stone crevice of the city wall. In the middle of the climb, there was only a bang, and all the people in the city started to shout. In a hurry, Zhang Shun jumped into the pool outside the wall and hit the city with a volley of crossbows, arrows and pebbles. Poor vagabond, dead at this point. This water is the channel of Yongjin water gate, not Yongjin pool. Yongjin pool is located in the city, south of Yongjin water gate. Shuimen used to go straight to Huansha River, which is just opposite Kaiyuan Road.

Related Poems

Seng Zhongshu's "telling one's heart" xiaoyingzhou outside Yongjin gate, cold food is more romantic. The red boat is singing all over the lake, and there are tall buildings outside the flowers. Sunny day warm, light smoke floating, wantonly play. Three thousand indigo, twelve appendix, a cloud.

Shi Shu's Yongjin gate

Liusi dance trapped smoke, Luo Qi phase urge to board. Guiye also knows that there is a night in spring, and the warm sand pays Bai ou to sleep.

Gong Xing's "Yong Jin men Jian Liu"

The willows outside the Yongjin gate droop with gold, and they do not turn green and overcast in three days;

Take a branch and go to the city to teach people that spring is deep.

(recorded from a study of historical sites in the Southern Song Dynasty)

Hong Yuanliang's drunken song

It's raining outside Yongjin gate. How many red boats are going up and down. There is no rhyme in the dragon's wind and Sheng, but I go down to the West Lake to fight.

(record)

Chinese PinYin : Yong Jin Men