Former residence of Zhang Jian

Hometown of Zhang Jian

synonym

Zhang Jian's former residence generally refers to his hometown

Zhang Jian (July 1, 1853 to August 24, 1926), a Han nationality, was born in Changle Town, Haimen City, Tongzhou City, Jiangsu Province (now Changle Town, Haimen City, Nantong City). The number one scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, a modern Chinese industrialist, politician and educator, advocated "saving the country through industry". He was an early pioneer in the field of cotton textile in China. Zhang Jian's hometown is the place where Zhang Jian lived and studied for a long time.

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Zhang Jian was born in Changle Town, Haimen on May 25, 1853, and spent his childhood and youth here. From 14 to 18 years old, he studied in Xiting ancestral home in Tongzhou from Song Ziqing. In 1892, Zhang Jian lived in Liuxi thatched cottage. In 1903, a new house was built in the west of the old house. In 1915, another business was completed in Haonan, Nantong. In his later years, he lived in Nantong until he died.

Zhang Jian lived in many places in his life. There are at least four places called "Zhang Jian's former residence": the hometown of Changle Town in Haimen, the ancestral residence of Xiting town in Tongzhou, Haonan bieye and Haoyang Xiaozhu in Nantong. If all the places where Zhang Jian once lived are called former residences, there are more than four former residences, at least Dongao villa and Xishan village in Nantong. As a matter of fact, Zhang Jian never regarded Changle as his hometown. Although the residence in Nantong is luxurious, it is only called "other business" and "small building". The town of Xiting in Tongzhou should be called "the ancestral residence of Zhang Jian".

Introduction to former residence

The evolution of former residence

Zhang Jian's former residence is located in the west head of Changle Town, Haimen, facing the main road and Henghe river. The first sentence of Zhang Jian's "self made chronicle of Si Weng" is "born in Changle Town, Haimen, where today's dunyu hall is advancing.". Dunyu hall is the middle hall of the old house, which was built later. When Zhang Jian was born, he lived in five tile roofed houses and three thatched houses. Zhang Jian's five brothers (including his second son, Zhang Chen, who drowned when he was ten years old) are not comfortable according to the family's population. However, in Xiting Town, Tongzhou, Zhang Jian's father has a real estate, which was redeemed from the family of Zhou in 1870. In 1873, the case of Zhang Jian's taking a place in Tongzhi took three years to settle. The family was heavily in debt and could not bear the heavy burden. After the separation, the eldest Zhang Yu and the fifth Zhang lived in Xiting. Zhang Jian and his third brother Zhang Chen still live in Changle, and the discount of all their properties is still not enough to repay their debts. At the first critical juncture in Zhang Jian's life, Zhang Jian and his third brother still live together in the same house, and all the debts are shared by them. It was not until 1903, when Zhang Jian built a new house, that the old one belonged to Zhang Chen.

After the separation of his brothers, Zhang Jian lived in three West Wing houses, which Zhang Jian called "thatched cottage". This was not Zhang Jian's self modesty. At that time, it was really a cottage. Just after the separation, it was almost new year's day. It rained for days. Zhang Jian spent four days repairing the thatched cottage and had a stable year. Just one month after the Spring Festival, Zhang Jian, at the invitation of sun Yunjin, went to Jiangning to make a living. From then on, he left his hometown and began his career as an aide. It was not until December, 1892, 18 years later, that Zhang Jian rebuilt the new house at the original site. "On November 8, the West Wing started construction," and "on the sixth day of the first month of the 19th year of Guangxu, the grass hall in Liuxi started construction.". Why is it called "Liuxi thatched cottage"? There are many reasons for this: first, the environment, Zhang Jian has a poem: "willows vary, dawn, east wind blowing in front of the rain thatched cottage", it can be seen that willows are the main characteristics. Second, it is true that it has a sense of self modesty, and it is also a recollection of its hard life in the past. The third is his respect for his father, Zhang Pengnian, because Zhang Jian respectfully called his father "old man Liuxi". For example, Zhang Jian wrote in his diary on December 20, 1882: "I'm thrifty, a wise teacher collected by my Lord's life postscript, and my father's Qing Dynasty is afraid that people will know about the training Union The old man in Liuxi ordered his son Jian to write a letter. The completion of "Liuxi thatched cottage" has improved the housing conditions, but it is also an ordinary rural residence. Zhang Jian wrote in his poem "Longxing" in the 26th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu (1900), "gorgeous Begonia is delicate, and the beginning and end of January can be seen. When you plant flowers, the thatched cottage still blocks the reed", which shows the pastoral scenery of Liuxi thatched cottage. After Zhang Jian won the first place in the middle school, he devoted himself to the establishment of industry. He traveled abroad all the year round and rarely lived in his hometown. Although Zhang Jian had made great achievements at that time, the original character of "Liuxi thatched cottage" had not changed. He raised a lot of money to invest in the establishment of industry, but the residence had not been transformed. The so-called "No.1 scholar's Mansion" was actually built ten years after he was No.1 scholar in the examination.

"Zhuangyuan mansion", located on the west side of the old house, separated from the old house by a ditch, started construction in December 1902. The project plan was determined by Zhang Jian. Soon after the construction, Zhang Jian went to Japan to investigate. He did not return to Changle until the fifth day of July. At this time, the new house was nearly completed. During the construction of the new house, Zhang Jian was not on the site, and the project was "supervised by his office staff". After returning home, Zhang Jian also did a job himself, that is, to "stack rocks by himself". This is not Zhang Jian's symbolic "show", but he thinks that "the small matter of piling rocks has its own position, situation and talent". 6. Obviously, piling rocks on rockeries is the painting of the whole new house. On August 18, 1903, Zhang Jian "moved to the west house, and the east house belonged to his uncle and brother". Although "Pepsi was hasty, and many houses were unfinished, the new house was completed after all. Since then, Zhang Jian really owned a house of his own. As for the construction of Haonan in Nantong, it will be 12 years later.

The rise and fall of the former residence

What does Zhang Jian's new house look like? Some of Zhang's descendants have lived here, and some old people in Changle Town have seen it. According to their memories, they can still have a clear image.

The new house is a traditional Chinese garden building with six entrances of more than 100 meters. Along the central axis, the front hall, the main hall (zunsu Hall), the middle hall, the screen door, the inner hall and the back hall are in turn. The front house is used to receive guests and festival activities, while the back house is a living area, with a corridor on the east side to connect with each entrance. The gate of the house is located in the southeast, with a wall in front of it. The plaque of "fuhailong" inscribed by Weng Tongxun hangs high in front of the gate. Entering the gate, Zhang Jian's new house is to the west, and Zhang Xun's old house is to the East.

(old photo of zunsu hall, Fuhai house)

The most important building in the garden is zunsu hall, with a five bay hall in the middle, flower halls on both sides and a rolling shed corridor in front. In front of the door, there is a couplet written by Zhang Jian: "if you pass me, I'm afraid I can't do anything; if I don't live in the fields, I'll never find anyone else.". At first glance, the word "Zun Su Tang" seems to have a connection with respect for Buddhism. In fact, it means plain and natural. "Zun Su Tang" is Zhang Jian's admonition to himself and future generations to respect the nature of life, which reflects Zhang Jian's simple and natural outlook on life. The rockery behind zunsutang was built by Zhang Jian himself. Zhang Jian has a special love for rockery. His poem "under zhishitang" reads: "once he guarded the white clouds in the mountains, heard the river tide day and night, moved to zunsutang, and paid plum blossom to accompany Shijun.". This is a metaphor for people by borrowing stones. The west chamber behind zunsu hall is a three Bay library, which was built in March 1913. Zhang Jian called it "the West Chamber". His poem "the West Chamber" reads: "in the corner of Southwest Pavilion, you can see and hear clearly. Ditch water floating curtain live, eaves frost trees out bright. Books for the day, singing roar life. It's hard to hear the sound of the wheels Because the library is close to xizhaigou, and outside the house is farmland, the sound of farmers' labor carts is often heard. On the west side of the back middle hall of zunsu hall is Zhang Jian's study, which is what Zhang Jian called "Si'an". In "Si'an Lamei", Zhang Jian wrote: "the Lamei outside Si'an has been planted by hand for more than ten years. Between the bamboo and stone, and on the side of the West Tower.... ". According to this, the location of Si'an can also be judged. Si'an is Zhang Jian's favorite place to stay after he came home. He read books, wrote poems and thought about life here. There is a poem by Zhang Jian: "in July, huangmeiyu always loves Sisi nunnery. Fan flower frequency to dirty, garden fruit is still sweet. The poem and brush are made by people, incense and Buddhist reference. Who knows how to multiply and divide the infinite The garden is surrounded by ditches, especially in the back of the house, surrounded by triple ditches and surrounded by bamboo and wood orchards. At the same time, the new house and the old house are separated by "Fuhai house canal", and the old and new houses are separated and combined to form a whole. Zhang Jian's residence garden is one of the best in Tonghai area. It not only has some characteristics of urban private gardens, but also has the elegant atmosphere of literati. However, in terms of layout and environment, it also reflects the unique regional characteristics of "tsuyuxiwei" in Haiqi area. It reflects the harmonious unity of human and environment, human and nature. The East and West houses are separated and combined, and the two houses form a unified whole, It also reflects the harmony and unity between people and Zhang Jian's traditional morality.

On the east side of Zhang Jian's new house is the old house, where Zhang Jian was born. "Liuxi thatched cottage" is located in the southwest of the old house. After the completion of the new house, Liuxi thatched cottage still remains. After Zhang Jian emigrated, the east house belonged to Zhang Chen. Relatively speaking, the old house is small and belongs to a traditional courtyard building with four entrances. The main hall is called "dunyu hall". The fourth entrance is a two-story Chinese style building, which is the living room for Zhang Chen's family. There is another courtyard on the east side of the courtyard, which is the place where the servants live, and the door of the house is also set in the southeast corner.

On the east side of the old house is the "Wu's ancestral hall attached to Zhang's family temple", which was built in 1896 according to Zhang Jian's father's last words. Zhang Chaoyan, Zhang Jian's grandfather, was taken in by Wu Shengkui, a native of Dongtai, and became his son-in-law. Later, Zhang Chaoyan moved to Xiting and Wu Shengkui moved to Changle. After Wu died, Zhang Chaoyan ordered his son Zhang Pengnian to move to Changle to serve his mother. So Changle

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